View Full Version : Handheld Scanner has unique use(s)
A "scanner" has been developed in Japan designed to be used on COWS.
It is designed to look at the difference between fat and muscle.
The machine can be used to see if steak has enough marbling to make it juicy..
Marbled steak cooked properly in Japan is highly sought after.
Cost?
"While there isn’t a timeframe for commercialization of the product yet, Mr. Nakashima projected that it could be ready in a couple of years, and for a price of ¥20 million ($166,000) to ¥40 million once the institute finds a partner company to build the machine."
What else could such a device be good for?
Non-invasively detecting PROSTATE CANCER:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24172787
ADC mapping is the most effective standard MR imaging tool for detecting prostate cancer.
What technique is used?
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.
Reference for the tool to be used on Cattle:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25937706
Abstract
Non-invasive in vivo marbling quantification helps owners to choose the optimum nutritional management for growing cattle and buyers to more precisely evaluate grown cattle at auctions.
When using time-domain proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry, it is possible to quantify muscle and fat separately by taking advantage of the difference in the spin-spin relaxation time (T2) between water molecules in muscles and fat molecules, which would contribute to the non-invasive and objective determination of marbling scores.
With this in mind, we developed a prototype NMR scanner (4.1 MHz for protons) using an original single-sided magnetic circuit and a plane radio frequency (RF) coil for use in the non-invasive quantification of water and fat in live cattle.
The sensed region of the developed scanner is compact and almost cubical (19 × 19 × 16 mm3) while the investigation depth (the distance from the RF coil to the center of the sensed region) has been lengthened to 30 mm, which is sufficient for the in vivo trapezius muscle measurement of live cattle.
http://chanlo.com/images/moo.jpg
What else could such a scanner be used for? Tumor detection? Myleoma? Deep tissue aneurysm?
==THREAD POST CLARIFICATION==
This thread is not for discussing COWS, different types of bovines, or how to make massaged meat. IT is NOT about VEGAN discussions, nor is it about using a magnetic wand metal detector to check somebody's anatomy.
The discussion is about a hand held scanner, using the MR system. Which is a high resolution imaging system when the appropriate imaging techniques are used.
grannyfranny100
29th May 2015, 03:21
When I was in Japan in the 1970's Kobe beef cattle were hand massaged to get the perfect marbling!!! In a restaurant you ordered steak by the ounce because it was so expensive. It was very good.
Cidersomerset
29th May 2015, 18:25
When I was in Japan in the 1970's Kobe beef cattle were hand massaged to get the
perfect marbling!!! In a restaurant you ordered steak by the ounce because it was so expensive.
It was very good.
I remember seeing that in an old doc , a beer and massage for the cattle before .......Yes Dinner !!
VSU5Iu9Z9qI
grannyfranny100 asked the question and back to the OP, the hand held Magnetic Resonance system, in short similar to a MRI, but PORTABLE..
BODY scanner as was mentioned in the OP:
What else could such a MR scanner be used for?
Tumor detection?
Myleoma?
Deep tissue aneurysm?
The op already mentions Prostate Cancer detection. We can get into that later in the thread.
A metal detector is not a MR (Magneto resonant) scanner.
The use of the MR scanner to evaluate Muscular Dystrophy is very important. We will get into that later in the thread.
What type of detail is available with a MR (I) - magnetic resonance imaging technique?
For instance -
Looking at the spinal cord for compression or injury -
http://www.imagingpathways.health.wa.gov.au/images/cordcomp/mri1.jpg
note where the arrows are which shows where the injury(s) are..
This is the size of a FULL SIZED MRI system - a HAND HELD system would be a fantastic breakthrough.. Millions of $$ are spent on the full sized systems, which are complicated, heavy, energy consuming..
The poo poo'ing the development of such portable systems dishonors the people needing assistance. People have looked for PAYING uses to pay for research development which would otherwise NOT be paid for.. Japan's use of MRI hand-held on a very high profit return on investment project pays for research which would otherwise not be accomplished. Connect the dots - it has to be paid for somehow..
https://pricinghealthcare.com/linkedImages/mri_scan_machine.jpg
Muscle wasting diseases - For instance in space, muscle mass changes, water/fat/muscle changes due to weightless conditions.
http://cdn.phys.org/newman/csz/news/800/2013/wristsizedbo.jpg
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/nervous_system_disorders/types_of_muscular_dystrophy_and_neuromuscular_diseases_85,P00792/
Muscular Dystrophy - Muscle wasting disease
Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited diseases that are characterized by weakness and wasting away of muscle tissue, with or without the breakdown of nerve tissue. There are nine types of muscular dystrophy, with each type involving an eventual loss of strength, increasing disability, and possible deformity.
The most well known of the muscular dystrophies is Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), followed by Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD).
Hand held monitoring can show WHERE such may be happening.
Is it possible to develop a TREATMENT with the concept of MR I scanners operated in reverse? Magneto-resonant STIMULATION ? POSSIBLY..
Treatments of muscle atrophy diseases or weaknesses or further degenerations could only be monitored for by such equipment, rapidly and safely..
What is the MR technique?
One could call it a Molecular Emission Scanner system and be accurate. Here is why.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an imaging technique used primarily in medical settings to produce high quality images of the inside of the human body. MRI is based on the principles of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), a spectroscopic technique used by scientists to obtain microscopic chemical and physical information about molecules.
The technique was called magnetic resonance imaging rather than nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) because of the negative connotations associated with the word nuclear in the late 1970's.
NUCLEAR magnetic resonance imaging actually IS the proper way of explaining the technique.. PR though changed the name to MRI to keep income coming in from people using the technique.
MRI started out as a tomographic imaging technique, that is it produced an image of the NMR signal in a thin slice through the human body. MRI has advanced beyond a tomographic imaging technique to a volume imaging technique.
NMR has been used on organic molecules for many tens of years prior to the MRI packaging developed by FONAR corporation (an OTC Net public company).
The human body is primarily fat and water.
Fat and water have many hydrogen atoms which make the human body approximately 63% hydrogen atoms.
Hydrogen nuclei have an NMR signal.
For these reasons magnetic resonance imaging primarily images the NMR signal from the hydrogen nuclei. Each voxel of an image of the human body contains one or more tissues. For example here is a voxel with one tissue inside. Zooming in on the voxel reveals cells. Within each cell there are water molecules.
https://www.cis.rit.edu/htbooks/mri/chap-1/images/intro_3m.gif
Here are some of the water molecules. Each water molecule has one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms.
https://www.cis.rit.edu/htbooks/mri/chap-1/images/intro_3n.gif
If we zoom into one of the hydrogens past the electron cloud we see a nucleus comprised of a single proton. The proton possesses a property called spin which can be thought of as a small magnetic field, and will cause the nucleus to produce an NMR signal.
Listening to the spin field:
Properties of Spin
When placed in a magnetic field of strength B, a particle with a net spin can absorb a photon, of frequency https://www.cis.rit.edu/htbooks/mri/chap-3/10-nu.gif. The frequency depends on the gyromagnetic ratio, of the particle.
https://www.cis.rit.edu/htbooks/mri/chap-3/10-nu.gif = https://www.cis.rit.edu/htbooks/mri/chap-3/10-gamma.gif B
For hydrogen, https://www.cis.rit.edu/htbooks/mri/chap-3/10-gamma.gif = 42.58 MHz / T.
Imaging is accomplished by looking at the position in "time-space" of the emission from the hydrogen, as it relaxes, or spins down..
The magnetic field held the molecule relatively oriented and fixed. Energy imparted then was absorbed, and then released when the field pulse stopped.
Deconvolution (a process of removing the convoluted information) of the radio-wave response shows then the intensity of the signal, and by extrapolation, the amount of hydrogen present.
Different components of molecules having hydrogen in them show up with slightly different response frequencies.. Thereby analysing properly, the different hydrogen containing molecules can be determined, such as fats, methyl compounds, water and so forth..
http://www.physicscentral.com/explore/action/images/mri-img1.gif
Some imaging scans - highly detailed, much higher resolution than CAT or x-Ray
http://www.symmetrymagazine.org/sites/default/files/legacy/images/200812/deconstruction_01.jpg
Looking at the LAYERS/SLICES in the Brain for instance:
http://38.media.tumblr.com/93aadb19385c9a78c25575442382e96e/tumblr_mokddk00s11qzcf71o1_400.gif
Looking into a Knee cap/joint and surrounding tendons, cartilage and muscle to evaluate damage areas or healthy:
http://www.yumamri.com/art/kneemriLG.jpg
The SLICE technique is used similarly to how a CAT (x-ray) scanner works.
Whereas the CAT scanner is looking for contrast changes and notes where in the slice the contrast has changed, the MRI slices are looking for the hydrogen responses.. Building up image after image of position of hydrogen molecule over distance creates the image.
Software then is able to scroll through the images, rotate the images to show a different perspective, or present a different 'point of view'.
Agape
30th May 2015, 20:08
What type of detail is available with a MR (I) - magnetic resonance imaging technique?
Not much organic detail , computer tomography can reveal much more detail but it's allegedly expensive , though MRI machines too are still very expensive ,
the price should go down .
MRI depends on tissue density . You keep sending strong magnetic waves and they bounce on and around hard objects and return back to you creating sort of fluid image .
However , they can't portray structure of tissue to great detail .
In my opinion, you could have hand held x-ray these days easily but it could be hard to proceed legally .
Can we get X-ray to Apple iWatch ?
:facepalm:
Using radiation to investigate is obviously not healthy, no matter at what dose. So the hand-held x-ray machines are of no use to check muscle fat-water- ratios.. To see a coarse bone being broken sure, in the field, with a licensed trained operator.. Again, x-Ray is not a solution.
To have DEEP PENETRATION, an immense amount of radiation is needed.. Again, not safe.. And an immense amount of radiation is hazardous..
Post 9 above Agape, shows the immense amount of detail, available, please if you would look carefully at that post specifically note the DETAIL found with the MRI resolution. IT is almost like using a microscope in detail.
OLD systems were coarse, but the newer systems are fantastic in their resolving capacity.
The advantage of MRI over CAT scan (computerized axial tomography) and MRI is mindblowing when one wants to see specific molecular signatures, not just contrast "x-ray" images..
From what I have seen X-Ray especially the type you suggested is not practical, nor safe from the amount of radiation needed. Certainly not on some iphone "watch", lets stay practical and realistic please.
What type of detail is available with a MR (I) - magnetic resonance imaging technique?
Not much organic detail , computer tomography can reveal much more detail but it's allegedly expensive , though MRI machines too are still very expensive ,
the price should go down .
MRI depends on tissue density . You keep sending strong magnetic waves and they bounce on and around hard objects and return back to you creating sort of fluid image .
However , they can't portray structure of tissue to great detail .
In my opinion, you could have hand held x-ray these days easily but it could be hard to proceed legally .
Can we get X-ray to Apple iWatch ?
:facepalm:
Agape
30th May 2015, 21:06
Post 14 above Agape, shows the immense amount of detail, available, I suggest looking carefully at that post. X-Ray especially the type you suggested is not practical, nor safe from the amount of radiation needed. And discussing your post 7 IS derailing this thread.
What type of detail is available with a MR (I) - magnetic resonance imaging technique?
Not much organic detail , computer tomography can reveal much more detail but it's allegedly expensive , though MRI machines too are still very expensive ,
the price should go down .
MRI depends on tissue density . You keep sending strong magnetic waves and they bounce on and around hard objects and return back to you creating sort of fluid image .
However , they can't portray structure of tissue to great detail .
In my opinion, you could have hand held x-ray these days easily but it could be hard to proceed legally .
Can we get X-ray to Apple iWatch ?
:facepalm:
I've asked , merely hypothetically .. about something apparently only distantly related to this field however I do not expect any sort of answer .
I will study your subject more to depth , promise .
:angel:
Sierra
30th May 2015, 21:09
Vegan and vegetarian posts have been moved to a new thread here:
http://projectavalon.net/forum4/showthread.php?82576-Vegan-and-vegetarian-posts-split-from-scanner-imaging-thread&p=965129&viewfull=1#post965129
Sierra :focus:
The construction of a hand held MR system is no small feat.
I am attaching a PDF showing the theory, construction, equipment involved, and processing needed. As in the OP for the group that developed the practical hand-held MR scanner had to overcome many technical difficulties. The biggest difficulty was the strength of the magnetic field needed to align the protons in the hydrogen component of the molecules.
http://chanlo.com/images/mr.pdf
Page 16 in the PDF shows the block diagram of the apparatus.
Page 20 explains the block diagram for the "spectrometer" component a lot clearer.. A spectrometer breaks down the individual frequencies obtained, to allow for the precise detail of the molecule being looked at.. In other words, one can "tune" the software to be able to look at just fat, just muscle, just a particular amino acid concentration..
Knowing a particular organic hydrogen component toxin for instance, would allow one to analyze for the breakdown of tissue for instance.
Knowing such detail, and it is extremely precise, down to the molecular level (something X-Ray cannot possibly do inside the body), can show the progress of a disease or the progress of healing.
Imaging then is highly important. A hand-held MR system then means immense hope is possible for diagnosis and treatment.
This is the block diagram (for simpler viewing)
http://chanlo.com/images/mr-1.jpg
Looking at the blocks, the RF pulse is sent to the target out the scanner head, and when the pulse stops, the frequencies that come back appear from the "relaxation" spin down of the hydrogen molecules.
In other words, the EMISSION of the MOLECULE(s) are picked up and then analyzed.
Therefore, the above describes a Molecular Emission Scanner - (Note: The Lupotto IV spectrometer in the block diagram above, was built for the Institute of Physics (University of Zurich) by P. Lupotto.)
In using the Hand Held MR system, tuned to look for glutamine levels are especially important in looking at treatment and progress of muscular dystrophies.
(Source (http://www.lifeextension.com/Protocols/Health-Concerns/Catabolic-Wasting/Page-01))
Background:
Whey protein, creatine, and the amino acids glutamine, arginine, leucine, and hydoxy-methylbutyrate or HMB (a leucine derivative) are especially important for building and maintaining lean muscle mass (Thomas 2007; Casperson 2012; Katsanos 2008; Kim 2010; Clark 2000; Hayes 2008; Kim 2010). Omega-3 fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid, and vitamin D also fight lean tissue loss (Siddiqui 2006; Rahman 2009; Drey 2011; Kim 2011).
Many interventions can often produce dramatic improvements in muscle mass/strength and overall health of people with muscle wasting.
Normal testing techniques to determine muscle issues are difficult to define - to find a precise point where significant muscle wasting begins, where moderate to severe cachexia and/or sarcopenia can be diagnosed by observing loss of muscle mass, strength, and tone in the person.
Recently, some researchers have proposed that cachexia and sarcopenia should be diagnosed by calculating lean and fat body mass by imaging techniques such as MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) (Fearon 2013).
The MR technique then provides an OBJECTIVE MEANS to observe, diagnose, and monitor progress positively or negatively.
MONITORING and DIAGNOSIS is TANTAMOUNT for looking at survival rates
Pre-cachexia and the Importance of Early Recognition of Catabolic Wasting
Loss of body mass and muscle strength often occur gradually among individuals with slowly progressing, chronic diseases as well as aging populations typically considered otherwise healthy. This often precludes recognition of the early stages of wasting and results in missed opportunities for preemptive intervention that may help patients maintain better functional capacity and quality of life in the long term (Norman 2008; Muscaritoli 2010).
Estimates suggest as many as 50% of hospitalized individuals are malnourished (Norman 2008). More concerning still, nutritional status very often worsens during hospitalization, owing to the under-recognition and under-treatment of early signs of wasting by physicians and hospital staff (Norman 2008). Malnourished patients typically require longer hospital stays and have worse prognoses for both acute and chronic illnesses (Norman 2008).
The harsh reality is that medical care providers often fail to address early signs of wasting until it has reached advanced stages, at which point the efficacy of interventions aimed at improving body composition is considerably impaired (Norman 2008; Muscaritoli 2010).
Fortunately, recent collaborative research efforts have focused on the critical need to recognize and address wasting and cachexia in earlier stages. In 2010, specific guidelines on the recognition and classification of “pre-cachexia” were developed. These guidelines established the following requisites for the diagnosis of pre-cachexia (Muscaritoli 2010):
underlying chronic disease;
unintentional weight loss ≤5% of usual body weight during the preceding 6 months;
chronic or recurrent systemic inflammatory response;
anorexia or anorexia-related symptoms.
Spectral Example.
Tuning the Spectrum Analyzer component in the MR system to look for a healthy knee verses an osteo-arthritic knee.
The osteo-arthritic knee joint is experiencing cartilage degeneration, and the spectral pattern changes.
The computer system set to EVALUATE the received spectra from the hand-held probe using "least squares" template comparison (precision of match is indicated) can then perform a diagnostic evaluation.
Whereas with x-Ray analysis for instance, "contrast" is measured, but not the actual MOLECULAR RESPONSE of what is happening in the viewing target area.
See below:
http://chanlo.com/images/spectra-1.jpg
Any number of molecules' spectra can be created for filling the DATABASE.
And diagnostic procedures can be accomplished to look for the molecular signatures over the target area.
(Source (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/nbm.v25.4/issuetoc))
Below is the knee and surround tissue.. Looking at the spectral return from the scanner head then allows one to see the molecular responses.. One could setup the imager portion of the system to ONLY show for instance JUST the desired molecule and suppress all other molecules' signatures.
http://www.yumamri.com/art/kneemriLG.jpg
grannyfranny100
30th May 2015, 23:59
The medical uses I can relate to. Maybe they could discover why my back surgery did not end the unbearable pinching pain. And maybe the knee surgeon for my brother in law would have just done a total replacement rather than partials and later the total replacement. And perhaps it would clarify brain problems more clearly. Thank you!
Fraunhoferr (Germany) has realized the significance of miniature MR analysis systems.
http://images.sciencedaily.com/2008/07/080708101131_1_900x600.jpg
Magnetic resonance imaging yields deep insights – into the atomic structure of a biomolecule, for instance, or into the tissues of a patient's body.
Magnetic resonance imaging is one of the most important imaging methods used in medicine.
However, the existing older MRI scanning technology has one major disadvantage: The machines are huge and extremely expensive, and almost impossible to transport.
Therefore the development of small portable even hand-held systems is a desire by scientists, diagnosticians and doctors worldwide who understand the immense potential to analyze what is happening in the body for instance non-invasively.
What does the inside of the hand-held sensor head look like?
This is one configuration used by the Japanese company (the US and German designs use a different technique).
http://chanlo.com/images/mr-heard-1.jpg
This is a typical magnetic field pattern coming off the magnets
http://chanlo.com/images/fields-1.jpg
Depth of Penetration is based on the focal point of the fixed magnetic field.
As can be visualized, numerous methods of electronically steering the magnetic field is possible - the above shows the basis of the head design.
PAIN Analysis
MR technique is the first line analysis tool to help in localizing what is the source of nerve pain:
Conventional CAT (CT) scans, conventional and CT assisted Myelogram (nerve study) are no longer performed.
Analysis for infection of nerves (i.e. spinal cord), or compression or injury (bruising), or twisting, and/or inflammation.
Virtually everyone over 40 can have disc plate damage or degeneration allowing for manipulation of the spinal cord to happen.
A lesion can occur creating pain, immobility, tingling, different levels of sluggishness or paralysis.
A cyst could occur, which could be organic, or temporary, such as an allergy reaction, creating localized fluid build-up.
Possibly a tumor growth could be happening..
The Magnetic Resonant imaging technique is capable of localizing the above situation, allowing for determination of where the pain is coming from, and hopefully shed some light on how to create an effective treatment for the observed issue.
In Posts 19 an 20 above, one configuration of the "front end" in which the target area is to be "probed" is shown. (19 is showing a sample bottle on top of the probing system).
For a schematical block diagram, showing the key functional points here below:
http://www.agilent.com/labs/images/figure2.jpg
What we see is a "sample" region (the target), where there are two coils, one being a transmit source, the other being a receive pickup.
The magnet field "aligns the protons" and the RF pulse from the transmit source tickles the protons to raise their rest state level.. When the pulse completes the spin-down happens, and the characteristic spectrum from the molecule containing the hydrogen presents itself to the receive pickup.
The analyzer then processes that received pickup data, and displays it simply (as shown), or further processes it to create a spatial relationship, so that "location" of the emission source can be determined (and strength)..
Let's look at WHY would describing a simple hand held MR scanner would evoke attempts to prevent discussion?
Hand held sensory extension, with analysis of anything being pointed at, provides an insight into where one's senses cannot reliably go.
What possibly subjects would not want to be observed? (by some perp/terrorist)
Ability to monitor for contraband being shipped by airline passengers
Ability to locate chemical explosives
Ability to see if a person is carrying a bomb within them
The first three above look at determining when something is not what it seems to be. Lets say a "boom box" housing has been re-moulded using a "plastic" which is really HMX or RDX (military high explosive plastics). No normal "airport" scanner would be able to detect such an explosive exists in a simple normal "boom box".. Batteries shorted out, can explode, and set-off the high explosive, and the "boom box" literally would be a deadly device. A hand-held MR scanner would easily and rapidly and SAFELY detect such, and provide for the saving of lives? WHY would someone want to suppress such an ability to develop and use such a scanner to save lives? WHO would want to do that?
Another use of a hand held MR Scanning system would be in the determination and detection of substances hidden in common packaging..
OSS was responsible, one is told, for researching during WW2, the use of hidden explosives masquerading in conventional innocuous packaging.
(Source (http://www.soc.mil/OSS/r-d.html)) and (Source (http://www.slideshare.net/renzempino/world-war-ii-secret-weapons))
Recall, this thread and post is about understanding the USES of the hand-held scanner having unique uses ( I usually build up a thread so that the background is understood, so that mis-understood words are cleared, and in this case a technological subject is supported adequately) - this post is about how the MR hand held scanner can be used to find dangerous hidden substances...
In the source reference, OSS was one of the developers of the FLOUR PLUS HMX (High explosive) combination, which allowed the explosive to be able to be baked into cakes, breads, cookies and any other flour related product. The substance is said to be non-toxic, able to be eaten.. BUT when detonated by a fast shockwave trigger, a massive explosion results.
In China during WWII, 15 tons of the "Aunt Jemima" HMX mixture was used. None was ever "discovered" by the Japanese.
A MR hand held scanner is something that would rapidly and safely and non invasively show if such substances are present in any innocous "baked goods"..
Is there such a thing as a "passive" hand-held scanner?
Let's define passive verses "active"- with the active MR (Magneto-Resonance) scanner device described in the OP #1, there is a magnetic field present in the background to create an alignment of the protons in the molecules desired to be looked at. Radio frequency energy is swept through the sample and the resonances (spots where the field responds with lesser resistance, and greater output, creating peaks of signals).. A spectrum is therefore able to be determined.
A passive hand held scanner could take the form of a "vector" spectrum (signal) analyzer:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/da/Vsa_block.PNG
from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_signal_analyzer - "A vector signal analyzer is an instrument that measures the magnitude and phase of the input signal.."
How does the "passive" system differ from an active system? Well it is a matter of perspective.. If the L.O. (The local oscillator), is actually able to couple to the "target", and one realizes that the scanner head has a set of super neodymium rare earth magnets placed in the detector head, what one has then is really an ACTIVE Magneto-Resonance scanner.. and NOT a passive scanner as some people have been lead to believe..
So a Passive system really does NOT exist in real life.. Because the local oscillator always couples to the target in some way. And because of the magnetic fields present the system technically IS an active MR (Magneto Resonant) scanning system of electromagnetic radio spectrum.
Who makes a vector spectrum analyzer?
Well this manufacturer has been the gold standard for many years - Hewlet Packard. Later they sold out to Agilent, and they later split off the spectrum analysis division to KeySight.
This is what the equipment looks like which has repeatable reliable spectral monitoring ability.
Keysight (formerly Agilent) model E8267D...
$72,000.00 (USED)
New pricing is typically 100K$ (US).
On to such designs would be placed the portable scanning head or the robot arm to do repeated mechanically reliable "scanning".
Cost of the robot system about 450K$.
http://www.interferencetechnology.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/antennacalibrationrobot2.png
Cost of the radio shielded room, about 300K$. (The blue pyramid shaped blocks absorb RF fields - as shown in the above image).
Total cost of a handheld vector (passive) signal analyzer system, with a bandwidth range of 1 gigahertz through about 60 gigahertz (with appropriate mixers), about $850,000 (US).
Why is a shielded room needed?
Because of Radio Interference from multiple sources - such as fluorescent lights, automobile lane change and collision avoidance radar, airplane radar, cellphones, internet network wireless routers/computers, airport radar, satellite microwave.
The short synopsis realized back in 1990 when I looked at wideband passive rf spectrum analyzers which could scan a set of radio frequencies is that, hand-held microwave systems are:
1) totally impractical, and unreliable to operate without an anechoic chamber (wideband radio shielded room), as the analyzer would pick up ALL the interference sources.
2) stability, none - impractical to have any passive microwave hand held spectral analyzer system reliably and repeatedly produce the same readings due to movement and distance changes.
3) no data-base, meaning spectrums being analyzed need to be determined as to what they mean. Without an anechoic chamber for perfect shielding, a robot arm for precision placement, to create a reliable database is impossible
Very ludicrous hear-say 'legends' appeared over the years trying to be attributed to me, when I studied the microwave vector spectral analyzer. The three items above is why I abandoned studies on such back in 1991. It is impossible to build and or use "brain" analysers with microwave passive vector spectral analysers.
The OP post talks about the ONLY stable reliable "ME" (Molecular emission), type of MR (Magneto Resonant) hand held scanner that has ANY hope of being developed into practical use.. as described by the OP #1, the use on CATTLE for instance to check muscle/water/fat mass is a good use. To be able to adapt such a system to look for Muscle wasting diseases, as in Muscular Dystrophy studies is a VERY good use for the hand held MR scanner.
To be able to for specific limited uses, to replace the massive MRI system which still requires a SHIELDED ROOM, and massive power systems, and cooling systems is possible with the HAND HELD MR scanner system.
Microwave systems are impossible to deal with, and as said, abandoned in 1991. Those people who have stalked me for instance since that time, posted disparaging misleading internet pages, have wasted their time and have not listened when they were told in the early 90's and every time thereafter, such microwave passive systems DO NOT EXIST at this time. Stopping the stalking and harassing with the webpages/blogs and identify theft is the high road.
The experimental study items were taken apart, destroyed.
At one point, there was a brief study to specifically a test a potential configuration using a contained MAGNETIC field from a set of supermagnets (rare earth magnets) and a vector spectrum signal analyzer head. To develop such a system into something practical would cost about 500K$ per system to try the next possible logical "theory". In other words, a larger higher powered portable MR (Magneto Resonant) system was looked at. Reason? The Airforce wanted to know, could underground unexploded ordance from the 1940's and 1950's be located, in the field, reliably. MR systems looked like the logical method to try, however as pointed out, at 500K$ per system to explore, the costing to do such was impossible for a hobbiest to come up with.
http://www.keysight.com/upload/cmc_upload/ck/15/images/n9040b.png
Carmody
22nd June 2015, 16:17
So..the combination of noise, capacity for reflections to combine and be altered, and this being aided via the very short wavelength, this creates a very impractical handheld or 'open' aspect to potential utilization. FFT spread spectrum is probably useless as well, due to the above concerns.
A short imprecise answer, to say I 'get' where you are coming from.
Wavelength issues (all associated issues, which are complex and multi-faceted) create an environment where specific and custom designed application is very nearly the only acceptable solution.
Precisely Carmody - passive (impossible) microwave spectral analysis to look at a target can't work reliably.. As a study to see IF a theoretical microwave vector spectrum analysis could potentially be obtained was interesting.. What is pointed out though is the unsolvable "portable" issues.. A small RF microwave pickup head, as shown in the pix of the robot (above) would allow for precision of placement, and of course repeatability, but what happens when the overall characteristics of the room itself changes? Or the target changes (position slightly)? Each change of characteristic then makes precise analysis impossible, and with microwave, due to the very short distances between the peaks and valleys of the wavelength, a slight movement causes a massive change of data.
A different spectrum appears when anything changes, and for diagnostic purposes, a radical change is impossible to deal with. It can't be said any simpler.. And the perfect reason to abandon that line of study.. I moved on.
Going LOWER in frequency to the 2-60 megahertz pickup range (as shown in post #22) makes sense due to the longer wavelengths, the lack of precision of placement is no longer needed (and the interference from higher frequency microwave) is then solved. The microwave systems are impossible to work with, and as pointed out, I abandoned (looked at such briefly in the 1990 period..) Interesting though that the stalkers persisted and listened to disparagement lies and spin created over the years, and didn't bother to listen to the actual person whom they targeted and proceeded to harass.. In your thread on sociopathic and psychopaths, obviously you hit it on the head; they are thieves of the soul, criminal and should be treated as such..
I have no intention on trying to repeat the microwave studies of 1990, nor attempt to try to build any of the illustrated MR systems in this thread though.
Carmody
22nd June 2015, 16:37
A controlled emissive-reflective is required, as there is no stable or known zero, or calibration point to measure off of, otherwise. A stable differential base point/zero is required. Which then leads to the secondary problems mentioned, they have to be tamed.
Perhaps a ridiculously high frequency delta-sigma methodology can be realized and distortion is minimized by the individual range of potential error.
but they are probably doing things that way already.
It may be possible to cascade through and into a parallel buffer system, and thus time for each individual cycle is given, and a ghz delta sigma might be realizable in this way. Then the FFT analysis technique is utilized to average out errors. say, 16 repeats.
with the output signal having an embedded calibration clock/framing system. Much like digital audio's use of imbedded clocks.
And to put that much feedback onto the hand-held concept, it becomes unweildy, impractical and placed into the mode of theoretical study realms.. And certainly not affordable for any hobbiest to tinker with.
Carmody
22nd June 2015, 16:44
And to put that much feedback onto the hand-held concept, it becomes unweildy, impractical and placed into the mode of theoretical study realms.. And certainly not affordable for any hobbiest to tinker with.
Audio measurement systems already have the hardware and software design all down solidly. so that part is..kinda done already. Not quite ---but the initial fit is good.
Embedding the unique clocking and calibration signature into the output....gives the measurement side the ability to lock on to the captured signal and decode, thus enabling the foundation for separating signal from noise. repeats average out the noise quite nicely.
Teranex's original satellite imagery systems also point the way with regard to noise reduction in averaging repeats.
Looks nice on paper, at the least.
I understand the FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) analysis of audio is great providing that the analog to digital convertors are of good quality, and the filtering anti-aliasing systems are done correctly.. Point though with vector microwave spectral analysis of a target for let's say "substance analysis", moving the target, or moving anything in the environment, (or getting interference from any source such as "jingling coins in the pocket of one of the investigators") causes insurmountable variables, noise, which is incapable of being discriminated from any "usable data".
The FFT section shown here (right side of the image for the Forum folks) is where the processing of data is done in the computer (a LOT of math is performed on the data to try to massage out that which is useful).
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/da/Vsa_block.PNG
What is "useful" information for let's say, muscle wasting disease? Or water/fat/muscle differences? With microwave, move the subject or the detector by 1/100th of an inch and the whole spectrum changes due to the spacing of the wavelengths.. Breathing in a living subject or simple "jitter" due to fidgeting, normal wiggling around happens, and again, trying to keep a sensor system precisely located is impractical, not cost effective for anything "portable"..
Therefore the "logic" to stay with the lower radio frequency range below 40 megahertz makes good sense for one to be able to detect lets say, a hidden explosive in the stomach or bowels of a passenger about to board a Jet.
(NOTE: FTIR is fast fourier Infra-Red analysis, and is used for infra-red spectrum analysis, even shorter wavelengths than the microwave spectrums.. and is good for looking at spectral emission of substances).
Carmody
22nd June 2015, 17:32
oh goodie. a challenge.
Edit: With Teranex satellite imagery noise removal, they did frame stacking and adjacent pixel/frame interpolation.
The first ones did three frames at once and adjacent pixels, in a 3x3x3 matrix. live, flowing, noise reduced satellite video. first stills, then video. This was classified until the..mid-early 90's?
The more modern ones, at the max, they can do 5x5x5 pixel matrices, and that is with the center pixel's state in the given center frame, being the objective. then they move on to the next pixel. And then the frame. A rather complex affair, to say the least. But, now doable for about $3-5k of hardware and software.
Now that the patents are virtually extinct, if not extinct, there may be (IIRC) video cards and software that are designed to do the same, in a more limited way. Teranex is still making this hardware but in more advanced, lower cost and simplified portable ways. This may point in the right direction for one part of a potential solve. All that being said, my initial look at this problem is no where near adequate.
oh goodie. a challenge.
the "logic" to stay with the lower radio frequency range below 40 megahertz makes good sense for one to be able to detect lets say, a hidden explosive in the stomach or bowels of a passenger about to board a Jet.
Think about that for a system, something that can find inside a body the hidden explosive which has really been a concern to airlines, security, and passengers.. They have been using the FTIR bottle analysers to determine what is present in a water bottle that is visible for instance..
The MR system can have a bottle that is NOT see-through able to be analyzed for substance - perfect detector.. Right now they just TOSS the bottles of liquid over a certain size..
BUT the worry has been, what happens when the passenger has an explosive inside and intends to be a "suicide bomber".. those types of analysis are imperative it seems.. to save lives.
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