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    Exclamation Earth Hit By Gamma Rays From Record Breaking Cosmic Explosion

    This video here was uploaded December 01, 2019:

    First detection of the cosmic monster explosions with ground-based Gamma-Ray Telescopes

    Gamma Ray Burst Breaks record for brightest light seen - detected!

    Astronomers Detect Record-Breaking Gamma Ray Bursts From Colossal Explosion in Space

    A powerful outburst in a distant galaxy produced photons with high enough energies to be detected by ground-based telescopes for the first time!



    An artist's concept showing a "naked-eye" view of a GRB up close. Observations suggest that material is shot outward in a two-component jet (white and green beams). Credit: NASA/Swift/Mary Pat Hrybyk-Keith and John Jones (NASA / Swift / Mary Pat Hrybyk-Keith / John Jones
    Cosmic Rays Increasing for the 4th Year in a Row

    Cosmic rays in the stratosphere are intensifying for the 4th year in a row. This finding comes from a campaign of almost weekly high-altitude balloon launches conducted by the students of Earth to Sky Calculus. Since March 2015, there has been a ~13% increase in X-rays and gamma-rays over central California, where the students have launched hundreds of balloons.


    The grey points in the graph are Earth to Sky balloon data. Overlaid on that time series is a record of neutron monitor data from the Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory in Oulu, Finland. The correlation between the two data sets is impressive, especially considering their wide geographic separation and differing methodologies. Neutron monitors have long been considered a “gold standard” for monitoring cosmic rays on Earth. This shows that our student-built balloons are gathering data of similar quality.

    Why are cosmic rays increasing? The short answer is “Solar Minimum.” Right now, the 11-year solar cycle is plunging into one of the deepest minima of the Space Age. The sun’s weakening magnetic field and flagging solar wind are not protecting us as usual from deep-space radiation. Earth to Sky balloon launches in multiple countries and US states show that this is a widespread phenomenon.

    Source

    Epic cosmic explosion detected via faster-than-light particles:

    Space-based observatories detected a violent explosion in a galaxy billions of light-years away. It became the brightest source of high-energy cosmic gamma rays seen so far. Specialized Earth-based telescopes detected it via faster-than-light particles cascading through Earth’s atmosphere.



    Specialized telescopes – like H.E.S.S. in Namibia and MAGIC in the Canary Islands – detect the bluish Cherenkov light in Earth’s atmosphere, generated by faster-than-light particles, caused by cosmic gamma rays. Image via DESY Science Communication Lab.

    On January 14, 2019, two NASA space observatories – Swift and Fermi – detected a burst of gamma rays from a source billions of light-years away. That’s not unusual in and of itself; these space telescopes detect gamma ray bursts about once daily, routinely sending automatic alerts to other gamma-ray observatories around the world. But this burst – labeled GRB 190114C – was different. It became the most powerful yet detected by a specialized telescope on Earth’s surface, where scientists registered the highest energy gamma rays ever measured from a gamma ray burst, reaching about 100 billion times as much energy as visible light. The MAGIC telescope in the Canary Islands was able to point to the region of origin so quickly that it began observing the event within only 57 seconds of the space-based observations. Its scientists presented their observations last week (November 20, 2019) in two independent studies in the peer-reviewed journal Nature.

    In the same issue of Nature, scientists presented a study of an earlier gamma ray burst – labeled GRB 180720B – not as strong but also detected on the ground via the H.E.S.S. telescope in Namibia on July 20, 2018. Read an overview of the three Nature studies here.

    These two ground-based detections – from January 2019 and July 2018 – are the first detections of gamma-ray bursts with ground-based gamma-ray telescopes. They come after many years of trying to catch such events.

    The power of these cosmic explosions is mind-boggling. But their detection is fascinating as well. The ground-based H.E.S.S. and MAGIC telescopes didn’t detect the gamma rays directly. They detected their effect on Earth’s atmosphere, via faster-than-light particles known as Cherenkov radiation. The Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) – a national research center in Germany that operates particle accelerators and that also plays a role in operating both H.E.S.S. and MAGIC – explained in a statement:
    When an energetic cosmic gamma ray hits Earth’s atmosphere, it shatters molecules and atoms. This process creates an avalanche of particles called an air shower. The shower particles are so energetic that they move faster through the air than light – although not faster than light in a vacuum, which according to Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity is the absolute upper speed limit. The result is a bluish glow, a kind of optical counterpart to the supersonic bang. This Cherenkov light, named after its discoverer, can be observed by Cherenkov telescopes such as those of the H.E.S.S. and MAGIC observatories …
    EarthSky 2020 lunar calendars are available! They make great gifts. Order now. Going fast!


    The Hubble Space Telescope caught the fading afterglow of GRB 190114C and its home galaxy on February 11 and March 12, 2019. The difference between these images reveals a faint, short-lived glow (center of the green circle) located about 800 light-years from the galaxy’s core. Blue colors beyond the core signal the presence of hot, young stars, indicating that this is a spiral galaxy somewhat similar to our own. The source of the burst is located about 4.5 billion light-years away in the direction of the constellation Fornax. Image via NASA/ESA/V. Acciari et al./ICRAR.

    Gamma-ray bursts – called GRBs by scientists – are sudden, short bursts of gamma radiation from the cosmos. They were discovered by chance at the end of the 1960s by satellites used to monitor compliance with the nuclear test ban on Earth. These bursts are thought to originate from colliding neutron stars or supernova explosions. David Berge, head of gamma-ray astronomy at DESY, said:
    Gamma-ray bursts are the most powerful explosions known in the universe and typically release more energy in just a few seconds than our sun during its entire lifetime – they can shine through almost the entire visible universe.
    Since the 1960s, astronomers have been studying gamma-ray bursts with satellites. Earth’s atmosphere absorbs gamma rays; Earth-based telescopes can’t detect cosmic gamma rays directly. Telescopes like H.E.S.S. and MAGIC are designed to detect a faint blue glow in the atmosphere – Cherenkov light – induced by cosmic gamma rays.
    The detection of these two recent gamma ray bursts by these ground-based observatories was a culmination of years of effort by astronomers.



    What are gamma ray bursts? They are cosmic explosions, with radiation up to a trillion times the energy of visible light. This illustration shows the set-up for the most common type of gamma ray burst. The core of a massive star (left) has collapsed and formed a black hole. This “engine” drives a jet of particles that moves through the collapsing star and out into space at nearly the speed of light. The prompt emission, which typically lasts a minute or less, may arise from the jet’s interaction with gas near the newborn black hole and from collisions between shells of fast-moving gas within the jet (internal shock waves). The afterglow emission occurs as the leading edge of the jet sweeps up its surroundings (creating an external shock wave) and emits radiation across the spectrum for some time — months to years, in the case of radio and visible light, and many hours at the highest gamma-ray energies yet observed. These far exceed 100 billion electron volts (GeV) for two recent GRBs. Image via NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/ICRAR.

    One reason the result could be achieved was that – when space-based observatories detect a gamma ray burst – they quickly alert the entire observational community. In the case of the January 2019 gamma ray bust, more than 20 different telescopes were able to obtain a deeper look at the burst’s source. DESY said:
    This allowed [them] to pinpoint the details of the physical mechanism responsible for the highest-energy emission, as described in the second paper led by the MAGIC collaboration. Follow-up observations placed GRB 190114C at a distance of more than four billion light-years. This means, its light travelled more than four billion years to us, or about a third of the current age of the universe.
    GRB 180720B, at a distance of six billion light years even further away, could still be detected in gamma rays at energies between 100 and 440 billion electron volts long after the initial blast.
    DESY theorist Andrew Taylor, who contributed to the H.E.S.S. analysis, commented:
    The detection came quite unexpected, as gamma-ray bursts are fading fast, leaving behind an afterglow which can be seen for hours to days across many wavelengths from radio to X-rays, but had never been detected in very-high-energy gamma rays before.
    This success is also due to an improved follow-up strategy in which we also concentrate on observations at later times after the actual star collapse.
    DESY & ICRAR



    Artist’s concept of the January 14, 2019, gamma ray burst, caught by the MAGIC observatory in the Canary Islands. Image via Superbossa.com/C. Righi/ICRAR.

    Bottom line: On January 14, 2019, space-based observatories detected a violent explosion in a galaxy billions of light-years away. GRB 190114C became the brightest source of high-energy cosmic gamma rays seen so far. The MAGIC telescope in the Canary Islands was able to detect it via faster-than-light Cherenkov radiation cascading through Earth’s atmosphere. This observation – combined with a similar observation of another gamma ray burst, GRB 180720B, from July 2018 – were the successful culmination of years of effort by astronomers.

    Source: Extreme emission seen from gamma-ray bursts
    Last edited by ExomatrixTV; 2nd December 2019 at 01:12.
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    Exclamation Re: Earth Hit By Gamma Rays From Record Breaking Cosmic Explosion

    If Gamma Rays affecting Global Climate 10.000 fold more than humans can ever do coming years, they will never admit that, ever ... as their Orwellian A.I. Agenda Running & Micromanaging everybody is their ultimate "Global Governance" dream using 5G data mining (soon enforcing the 'social credit system' ?) surveillance everywhere to "Save The Earth" BS.
    Last edited by ExomatrixTV; 1st December 2019 at 23:37.
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    Avalon Member Cognitive Dissident's Avatar
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    Default Re: Earth Hit By Gamma Rays From Record Breaking Cosmic Explosion

    Yes, agree. I'm still getting up to speed on this (slow learner...) but the upcoming solar minimum/solar cycle 25 does seem very significant. In the worst case scenario, massive crop failures due to cold weather, but even as a baseline the overall weather is likely to be colder with more storms (such as we are seeing in North America right now).

    There is a lot of propaganda out there on this subject, for example the Wiki entry on the Maunder Minimum says that the cold weather was due to volcano activity not reduced sunspot activity, and the sunspot activity reduction started 50 years after the cold weather... it's going to be very difficult to get through this, but the starting point has to be the low activity in cycle 24 and the very low activity in cycle 25.

    The cycle 25 activity was predicted by Valentina Kharkova, who is a serious scientist based in the UK - worth looking at her videos on YouTube and the interviews with her that are available.

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    Exclamation Re: Earth Hit By Gamma Rays From Record Breaking Cosmic Explosion

    What Are Gamma-Ray Bursts And What Causes Them?
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    Exclamation Re: Earth Hit By Gamma Rays From Record Breaking Cosmic Explosion

    MAGIC Telescopes See Most Epic



    Source: Watch on Vimeo

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