What are they doing on the moon? China, Israel, soon the US?

[Bob]

Helium 3

It's abundant on the Dark Side of the Moon (also known as the 'far side')..

Helium-3 equals Billions of $$$ (or trillions of Yuan).

Why? MINING for some very valuable substances.

It is a CLEAN nuclear FUSION fuel source.

It is abundant on the dark side of the moon because it comes in from the Solar Wind and is captured with the lunar material dust.. It is not radioactive and potentially there would be no dangerous nuclear waste products as happen with conventional fission reactors.

Israel's vehicle, "Genesis" will be landing shortly, and China's Chang'e-4 probe has just touched down.

China states it will be exploring "geologically interesting substances" and solar wind.

The geological interesting substances are Helium-3 and studying the solar wind to see how much Helium-3 is deposited in a certain amount of time.

The Chinese probe is outfitted with a Rover (mobile platform) to allow it to move about to take samples for analysis. Taking adequate samples allows an "inventory" of this virtually priceless nuclear fuel to be determined.

The efforts by the 3 countries would establish the feasibility of "mining the moon" for important resources that would be used in future deep space missions as well as earth based energy systems (fusion reactors).

The Chinese Helium-3 mining effort is described here: http://www.spacesafetymagazine.com/space-on-earth/everyday-life/china-helium-3-program/


https://i0.wp.com/www.spacesafetymagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/lunar_mining.jpg._1024.jpg?zoom=1.5&resize=940%2C461


About three-fourths of China’s energy is now produced by coal-fired power plants, but a typical coal train of more than a kilometre long, carrying 5,000 tonnes of coal, would be replaced by just 40 grams of He-3, dramatically reducing transportation costs.

Just eight tonnes of He-3 in fusion reactors would provide the equivalent energy of one billion tonnes of coal, burned in power stations.

China’s has a very determined plan to bring back He-3 from the Moon.

The currently landed Chinese probe/rover is that step that was predicted by China some years ago, that their intent is to aggressively acquire the needed raw materials for energy production.

Background:


He-3 is emitted from the Sun and carried throughout the Solar System by the solar winds, but is repelled by the Earth’s magnetic field, with only a tiny amount penetrating the atmosphere in cosmic dust.

On the Moon, however, which has a weak magnetic field and no atmosphere, He-3 over the eons has been deposited in significant quantities.

In recent years China has launched a remarkable plan not only to land on the Moon in the near future, but to industrialise it.

At the centre of this program lies the intent to mine He-3 and bring it back to Earth. The long-term perspective, emphasised by Ouyang Ziyuan, is shared by the famous Apollo 17 astronaut and former U.S. Senator Harrison Schmitt.

Following the December 2013 landing of China’s Yutu (Jade Rabbit) lunar rover, Schmitt observed, “China has made no secret of their interest in lunar helium-3 fusion resources..

"In fact, I would assume that this mission is both a geopolitical statement and a test of some hardware and software related to mining and processing of the lunar regolith.” Schmitt has numerous papers and books on the prospect of lunar development and helium-3 mining, and has worked closely with the group at the University of Wisconsin which is developing helium-3 fusion technologies.

Yutu landed as part of the Chinese robotic lunar exploration program named Chang’e, after the mythical goddess of the Moon.

Chang’e-1, the first probe, was launched on 24 October 2007.

It provided high resolution images of the lunar surface and data for estimating He-3 reserves. The millions of tonnes of He-3, estimated by CLEP, mean that the Moon will be the “Persian Gulf” of the solar system.

Deep-space solar system travel potential

China intends to use the Helium-3 in solar system exploration, manned crafts. A trip to Mars for instance would take 2 days using fusion drive engines. Constant earth-like gravity would exist when the fusion engine is in operation - 1g acceleration would induce such "normal gravity", and speeds would be achieving a maximum velocity of 3,000,000 km/h.

Energy Generation

Existing fusion reactor concepts are nasty. They emit a massive amount of neutrons during the fusion reaction, which destroys the materials that make up the magnetic containment vessel, and of course kill everyone in the vicinity.

A Fusion system based on Helium-3 though is relatively clean proportionately speaking -

A second-generation approach to controlled fusion power involves combining He-3 and deuterium. This reaction produces He-4 nuclei and high-energy protons.

Some D-D (deuterium/deuterium) side reactions occur, producing neutrons, but upwards of 90 per cent of the energy produced is in the form of charged particles, which can be directed away from the reactor walls by magnetic fields and used for generating electricity.

Direct Energy Conversion - Plasma charged particles from fusion can be separated by charge, using magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) or electrostatic “direct conversion”, and produce electricity directly.


https://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--iCb44OKl--/c_fit,fl_progressive,q_80,w_636/17m4h73urim57gif.gif

ref - MHD extraction of charged particles from Helium-3 Fusion reactor - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/295798643_ANALYSIS_OF_THE_COMPRESSION_AND_HEATING_OF_MAGNETIZED_PLASMA_TARGETS_FOR_MAGNETO-INERTIAL_FUSION

PS

China's Chang'e-4 probe's rover is apparently out and about


https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/5BFA/production/_105064532_mediaitem105064528.jpg

https://i.gadgets360cdn.com/large/change-4_cnsa_full_1546600054612.jpg

[Seabreeze]

As far as I know....humans are not welcome on Moon. At least that*s what I read many years ago. It is said, there are beings, star beings living there a long time already, which would not allow the human activity up there. Whereever humans appear there is only destruction.

This is the reason why the project "a base on the moon" never became reality. Remote viewer Ingo Swan for example talked and wrote about it.

It is hard to tell, what is the truth. We only hear and see, what they want us to hear and see.

[Bob]

Actually @Whisper, civilians, the Amateur Radio Operators and societies have been picking up signals, data, images from Lunar craft for YEARS and reporting on such. One can believe conspiracies or do the research and find out for oneself.


ref: http://www.arrl.org/news/radio-amateurs-receive-images-from-chinese-lunar-satellite

Consider it OPEN SOURCE research - fully in the light and fully monitorable and publishable by CIVILIANS who have no axe to grind.


Some earthbound radio amateurs and sky watchers have received images from a tiny Chinese satellite now orbiting the moon. In May, China launched the DSLWP-A and DSLWP-B microsatellites — also known as Longjiang-1 and Longjiang-2 — into a lunar transfer orbit, although Longjiang-1 was apparently lost in the process and likely remains in deep Earth orbit. They were deployed as secondary payloads with the Quequiao relay satellite as part of the Chang’e 4 mission to the far side of the moon.

DSLWP stands for “Discovering the Sky at Longest Wavelengths Pathfinder.”

The satellite will test low-frequency radio astronomy and space-based interferometry, and while it carries Amateur Radio and educational payloads, no transponder is aboard.

The Chang’e 4 mission will be the first-ever attempt at a soft landing on the far side of the moon. (This probe/rover has successfully landed, 3 January 2019 and its data observed.)

The Chang’e-4 lander and rover are scheduled to launch in December.

The Harbin Institute of Technology (BY2HIT) developed and built the DSLWP spacecraft and is overseeing that mission.

The microsat also carries optical cameras from Saudi Arabia.

An open telecommand protocol allows radio amateurs to take and download images.

The spacecraft transmits on 70 centimeters (435.400/436.400 MHz) with 250/500 bps GMSK using 10 kHz wide FM single-channel data, with concatenated codes or JT4G.

JT4 uses four-tone FSK, with a keying rate of 4.375 baud; the JT4G sub-mode uses 315 Hz tone spacing and 1,260 Hz total bandwidth.

According to an article in GBTimes, Longjiang-2 (DSLWP-B) used its own propulsion system to slow down and enter lunar orbit, while the relay satellite “continued past the moon to its special destination.” Longjiang-2 has used a student-developed camera to take images of the moon, Mars, the sun, and other celestial objects.

Data and images have been downloaded by hams and satellite tracking enthusiasts around the world, including the US, Brazil, China, the Netherlands, and Italy.

The Harbin Institute of Technology team also operates LilacSat-1, a 2U Amateur Radio CubeSat launched as part of the European QB50 initiative, and LilacSat-2 (CAS-3H), an Amateur Radio and technology test satellite.

The Queqiao communications relay satellite is required for the lunar far-side landing to facilitate communication with a not-yet-launched lander and rover because the moon’s far side never faces Earth, and some significant scientific measurements from the dark side of the moon require real-time contact with Earth.

Queqiao was developed by the China Academy of Space Technology (CAST).

The Harbin Institute of Technology Amateur Radio Club has invited more radio amateurs to get involved with the DSLWP mission, and QSL cards have been designed for different flight phases for amateurs who successfully receive telemetry or make contact.

Amateur Radio operators love the challenges of getting data from probes outside of earth orbit, and reporting on them. They don't need conspiracies and the challenge of getting the data from deep space has thrill enough.

[Bob]

Are civilians going to be mining the Moon? Sure seems likely..

from - https://www.space.com/39398-moon-rush-private-lunar-landings-future.html


A number of private companies and national governments are planning missions to the lunar surface in the next few years, and the spate of activity could lay the foundation for human outposts on Earth's nearest neighbor in the not-too-distant future.

"It's a pretty pivotal moment, we think, for the moon, and the country, and the world," Dan Hendrickson, vice president of business development for the Pittsburgh-based company Astrobotic, said Wednesday (at the Jan. 10, 2018 workshop) at the Lunar Science for Landed Missions Workshop.


Freight hauling business -


Astrobotic is developing a lunar lander called Peregrine, which the company says will be able to deliver up to 584 lbs. (265 kilograms) of payload to the surface of the moon. Astrobotic has already set a price for this off-Earth transportation service — $1.2 million per kilogram of payload, or about $545,000 per pound.

Peregrine is scheduled to make its first moon trip in early to mid-2020, and the manifest for that "Mission 1" already incorporates deals with 11 partners, Hendrickson said.

Another company Blue Origin - A.C. Charania, manager of advanced programs at Blue Origin, laid out the basic vision for the company'"Blue Moon" lander, which he said will be capable of putting up to 10,000 lbs. (4,500 kg) of payload down on the lunar surface.

Blue Origin aims to be ready to fly its first Blue Moon mission in "the next few years," Charania said. And that will be just the beginning..

Blue Origin plans to mount "a cadence of missions that build a capability," Charania said at the workshop. "That's our goal. It's not just a single return; it's a return to enable a permanent presence robotically and, eventually, with humans as well."

Moon Express (Like Federal Express on earth) - "Our vision is really to expand Earth's economic and social sphere to include the moon," Alain Berinstain, the company's vice president of global development, said during the panel discussion. "We see the moon as the Earth's eighth continent to explore and to also mine for resources, like we have with every other continent on Earth."

Another company ISpace - iSpace's vision involves mapping lunar resources with swarms of rovers, which the company will deliver to the moon, iSpace spacecraft system engineer Jamie Denniston.

Big Government plans - National governments are also interested in assessing these resources, partly to help pave the way for crewed missions and, eventually, permanently staffed outposts on the moon. If everything goes according to plan, both NASA and Russia's Federal Space Agency, known as Roscosmos, will launch robotic prospecting missions to the lunar poles in 2022.

NASA's effort, called Resource Prospector, doesn't have a landing site yet.

The Russian mission — a collaboration with the European Space Agency known as Luna 27 — will target the South Pole-Aitken basin, on the moon's far side.

Other nations aim to touch down even sooner. For example, India plans to launch its Chandrayaan-2 moon mission, which includes a rover and an orbiter, this spring.


https://beforeitsnews.com/contributor/upload/30080/images/Lunar-mass-driver-630x350.jpg


Helium-3 IS the prize.

[Seabreeze]

..we will see. There is no way to proof anything from down here. Internet links are not really a proof. Only way would be to fly up there and look yourself...which is not possible. Ingo Swann did his remote viewing session on the moon for the US Government in 1975, if I remember right. He also said then...there is lots of water on the moon. You might call it conspiracie theory...but often later on the conspiracie turns out being reality.
The future will tell us more about it......

But me for myself, I think, the humans are not ready for any activity on other planets what so ever....not being able to handle their own one with the necessary care and respect.

[Sunny-side-up]

Hi Bob nice post.

When I read your title I instantly thought to my self:

What are they doing on/to the Earth?

Thinking they where getting away from here 0.o

But your story of the Helium-3 post is far better and very interesting.

If they openly declare and start mining Helium-3 it will change things down here immensely.
or
it really will be the start of a breakaway civilisation, us being the poor old-ancient-sun-light powered left behinds :(

[Ernie Nemeth]

Bob, as far as I know, fusion has only been maintained for a few seconds. That bit of fusion has been 40 years in the making. Has there been a breakthrough I've not heard about?
Also, doesnbt the oceans contain H3 in proportional ratio of 40 - 1 or so?

Edit: did not want to leave this glaring mistake here for posterity. I confused He3 with tritium - H3O2. Helium is vanishingly scarce on earth...sorry for any confusion.

[Bob]

Apparently Helium-3 Ernie, is able to sustain, just they don't have enough of it here on Earth to do enough experiments. I actually have a small fusion generator using deuterated plastic to create neutrons for a thorium experiment.. Not hard to do fusion, but to do fusion in a COST effective way.. Existing Helium-3 comes from the decay process of nuclear weapons material (Helium-3 is produced as a by-product of the maintenance of nuclear weapons, which could net a supply of around 15Kg a year. That is not much, and the liability of syphoning off He-3 from nuclear weapons depots and maintenance facilities may be quite a problem).



Sunny-Side-Up - absolutely with that much energy and there not being COAL burning pollution, China is going to want to control a major resource. I like the idea of fusion drives for conventional craft. We're never going to hear it powering up anti-grav ships but wondering out loud how much energy does it take for that type of gravity drives?

The idea of a "UPS or FEDEX" for space moving materials from earth to the moon and back with materials does have an appeal. I wonder if they will unionize?

----------

University of Wisconsin has been the US leader.

At the University of Wisconsin, researchers have developed a new small scale method of producing fusion.

This method of producing fusion is called electrostatic confinement; a small vacuum chamber is filled with the gaseous materials at a low pressure.

Looking at the chamber, an outer and inner grid system is contained within.

The grids are charged such that there is a potential difference of 100kV between them.

Ions oscillate in the center of the grid, and those Ions start to experience very high energy density, enough to force fusion upon the colliding particles. Electrostatic repulsion maintains the plasma from contacting the grids themselves.

Deuterium and helium-3 are the components for the fusion fuel.

ref: http://fti.neep.wisc.edu/pdf/fdm935.pdf (University of Wisconsin, Madison) - early first set of reports, 1993.

He-3 has Energy cost ~equal to oil at $7/barrel when it is mined commercially.

In terms of stored energy, He-3 on the Moon has ~10x as much as all economically viable supplies of fossil fuels on the Earth.

This is why it is a commodity that China is after.

[TomKat]

..we will see. There is no way to proof anything from down here. Internet links are not really a proof. Only way would be to fly up there and look yourself...which is not possible. Ingo Swann did his remote viewing session on the moon for the US Government in 1975, if I remember right. He also said then...there is lots of water on the moon. You might call it conspiracie theory...but often later on the conspiracie turns out being reality.
The future will tell us more about it......

But me for myself, I think, the humans are not ready for any activity on other planets what so ever....not being able to handle their own one with the necessary care and respect.

When someone remote views a planet, I always wonder if they are seeing what is physically there from our reference point? Or are they seeing another plane or time? In other words, if we went there on a space craft ... are they seeing that? Or are they seeing an astral plane version or some other timeline?

[Bob]

When Helium-3 gets delivered back to earth, when probes indicate the chemical make-up and the data received (even by civilians), it won't need human feet on the Moon to mine during the early expeditions. Samples are expected to be returned to earth, thereby documenting lunar landing, exploration, sampling and value of the Helium-3 potentials. They landed, no aliens stopped them. Reality.

Remote viewing is a cute phenomenon which requires the operator get themselves out of the equation, and get themselves out of "group think", be it conspiracy think, or science think, or public pub-talk conversations. Going into Ingo Swann and RV'ing the moon is off topic and deviates that a scientific exploration craft IS there and IS exploring. Reality once again.

:focus:

I'd trust equipment made by very skilled scientists over a remote viewer any day - it's the science verses voodoo mentality that comes up quite clearly. I actually worked on equipment that was destined for the lunar lander back in 1969. Held it in my own hands. Did I believe the equipment was destined for where it was contracted for, paid for? Yes I did.

Investors are buying into getting there (the moon) with equipment to sample the regolith (https://curator.jsc.nasa.gov/lunar/letss/regolith.pdf).

If the volumes of a commodity prove to be accurate, and such can be projected into perceived wealth (a commodity converted into service for the People, or converted into something an investor can horde to speculate on driving the price up by maintaining scarcity of the commodity, or witholding it from commerce), most certainly the commodity will be mined.

Historically on earth, investors have put their wealth where it can generate more wealth for them - sometimes there is a short turn around or sometimes a long turn around.

I find it interesting that Israel and India are moving towards getting onto the lunar surface and eventually setting up mining to stake their claims by one who has explored something "valuable".

Staking a claim to a commodity happens all the time on earth, the ocean bottoms, the arctic and antarctic..

Only through mutual treaty would folks be able to peacefully conquer a new territory and extract its resources.

History has proven itself both for the investor and for the conqueror.. A member suggests that there are aliens there who won't let it be mined, that the moon is off-limits for humans.

That viewpoint doesn't seem to stop the investment groups who are backing traveling there to actually do claim staking (by rover vehicle traveling and sampling territory, or following the rules of "prospecting".)

China has demonstrated how aggressively it will protect its "perceived" territory in the South China Sea, willing to start a war against anyone who challenges its so called sovereign right to seize territory on earth. What is going to stop China from setting up military facilities to prevent others from mining Helium-3 within its discovery areas?

Is the US Space Force going to be the determining factor preventing China from "stealing" the resources on the moon? Is stealing the right word? The one who conquers takes the spoils of the land, right? https://www.space.com/41943-space-force-extend-earth-moon-space.html

The technology is clearly demonstrated to get there, to be able to land and have rover vehicles deployed, without having to have any astronauts present on the moon controlling them. It can be seen from the Mars rover's how successful a vehicle can travel, take samples, and report back to those on earth what is found.

Lay folk don't have to "believe it one bit.."

Seems to us, those investing when they see a profit potential and a controllable commodity do see it - the expression is "follow the money" holds quite true.. (and I suppose we could enjoy the conspiracy dramas along the way and have a laugh waiting for the 'aliens' to say get off my turf..)

But talk is cheap, ya? Lunar travel and the science needed at the moment isn't cheap, but the potential for a massive commodity recovery effort (prospecting and mining) is sufficiently getting many companies and countries interested in getting up there, now, not way way in the future.. I don't think any of those investors believes one bit of "moon aliens" conspiracies.

ref - prospecting, staking a claim and mining/sampling by a remote controlled lunar rover vehicle - https://www.newscientist.com/article/2140674-robotic-landers-could-start-mining-the-moon-as-early-as-2020/

[Ernie Nemeth]

Bob, you sound like we all sounded back in the 1970s. You speak of straight up science, today's science, doing things of great import. But then you speak of anti-grav and fusion in the same tone - as if they are already proven technologies, which they are not. Then you go on to say aliens don't exist. So there is some pseudo- science mixed in, ya?

[Bob]

I suppose Ernie - whatever exists for someone exists for someone. There are no absolutes in the human mind Ernie, obviously but beliefs.

One person's belief may not match another's and certainty Ernie; you can appreciate that investors would go for Helium-3 as a commodity which right now would create a very valuable portfolio. I'd hedge my bet on science instead of a belief in "aliens on the moon will stop the humans from going there".

The subject of the thread is the mining of the moon for Helium-3. It is my belief and I will reiterate what I said earlier, that INVESTORS putting their money into lunar exploration efforts have absolutely zero belief that there are "aliens on the moon who will prevent human activity from happening there". Do I believe? That's irrelevant to the thread topic, however since you asked, I've never met one, have you?

My beliefs are great for myself. But, there are those who can't function, burn out obviously have beliefs that are incompatible with survival and quite possibly sanity - one can see it in their mannerisms, or lack thereof. It seems to me it's pretty easy to identify when a terminal has gone "silly" and uses that to try to keep what ever last threads of sanity they may have before they are totally so deep into fantasy land that electroshock to kick them into another circuit may be their only hope; hopefully they will end up in a better belief system depending on the current and voltage used. But they are in over-whelm really. That is the issue. That's their level of "cope" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25227592).

For me, having experienced unexplained anomalies first hand, and having experienced explainable anomalies I take things one step at a time objectively to try to identify first what just happened, or is happening. I just don't need a conspiracy assumption to motivate me, nor do I find it any more useful to solving a phenomena that has been perceived by equipment (that can objectively analyze). Connecting dots for real actually holds an attraction.

We could start with a hypothesis, take observations, and apply logic and experience, to determine the most likely cause, if we are motivated to find the cause that is. Imagine the challenges to actually build something that could safely get one off the planet, out into space and back again all without damage. And then do mining operations at that, on the moon. A lot of science went into that, a lot of clear visioning, connecting dots connected and a lot of honest follow-through. No second raters are going to be able to do that, and most likely we'd see a lot of envy in those who never really experienced "high success" before (https://books.google.com/books?id=90NZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA243&lpg=PA243&dq=psychological+success+(Hall,+1976)&source=bl&ots=_yX21PCkQv&sig=yW_9buGptpCYtlmPjhWupWGT2Ds&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUwpvFhtffAhXRMX0KHUYEDlAQ6AEwD3oECCoQAQ#v=onepage&q=psychological%20success%20(Hall%2C%201976)&f=false).

The investment into earth to lunar travel looks like it could be a good one, if, in-fact there really is 10X more CLEAN energy generation capability from using Helium-3 for Fusion power, basically a direct electrical output not requiring secondary heat exchanger methods, or turbines. A fusion system where the walls of the containment vessel don't require replacement due to neutron damage such as from the deuterium-tritium existing methods.

But materials SCIENCE not voodoo, not conspiracies would generate a search for better materials for fusion reactors. The conspiracy buffs too no doubt would benefit from clean energy, Fusion Energy from Helium-3 and no doubt science won't hold it against them when they take the energy to charge up their cellphones, or electric cars, or heat their homes, or get a package sent to them from the "system" which could very well be relying on clean energy generated from a new Helium-3 fusion power system for creating the power for charging up their electric vehicles to get objects from point A to point B.

ref: "one step at a time" - objectively.. https://www.colby.edu/biology/BI17x/expt_method.html - the experimental method. Step 1. Make observations. Step 2. Form a hypothesis. Step 3. Make a prediction. Step 4. Perform an experiment. Step 5. Analyze the results of the experiment. Step 6. Draw a conclusion. Step 7. Publish and ask for peer review to TEST and duplicate. What is "true" for one may not be "true" for others if the mind comes into play.

ref: from Ernie's previous post, "But then you speak of anti-grav and fusion in the same tone - as if they are already proven technologies, which they are not. " - sure, I'll take the bait, (tastes like Bacon btw) well, the fusion concept actually was proven to my satisfaction and the local authorities by me in 1966, with a table top fusion device based on a pumped "helium catalyzed D-D reaction" (but not using He-3), just enough to function well enough to have adequate excess neutron yield. The device would go thermally critical if the excess energy was not removed very quickly. The design was setup to burst the output in peak "spikes", yielding a very dangerous situation. Not designed for "electrical" output, but dangerous enough to put me squarely on 'their' radar. As to anti-grav being proven to my satisfaction, locate my thread in Disclosure (http://projectavalon.net/forum4/showthread.php?66925-Holo-gravitic-buoyancy-drive&p=777886&viewfull=1#post777886), it's an interesting read that's remained tucked away; it's not for this thread tho.

[Bob]

Expanding a bit more on post 10 above -


China has demonstrated how aggressively it will protect its "perceived" territory in the South China Sea, willing to start a war against anyone who challenges its so called sovereign right to seize territory on earth. What is going to stop China from setting up military facilities to prevent others from mining Helium-3 within its discovery areas?

Is the US Space Force going to be the determining factor preventing China from "stealing" the resources on the moon? Is stealing the right word? The one who conquers takes the spoils of the land, right? https://www.space.com/41943-space-force-extend-earth-moon-space.html

The reason behind the observation is would China do the same on the moon? Threaten other nations for holding onto a perceived economic advantage?

Beijing’s aggression in South China Sea is driving expansion of Southeast Asian coastguard fleets, report by an Australian think tank said.

Japan voices in - Hydrocarbons (read economic advantage) fishing (food), and other economic advantages motivates China into expansion, literally creating "islands" to show that it is not just trying to get fluid water, but LAND, and then claim such is theirs. That which is under the land or around the land (the economic production zone) then becomes the "property" of China.. Oil/gas underground and fishing in the oceans. As China consolidates its hold in South China Sea and wields its military, economic and diplomatic leverage, smaller countries see no credible option but to work with Beijing as they would not survive the bullying in a war scenario, even if that means furthering Chinese objectives. Manila, for example, seems willing to accede to Beijing’s demand for joint development of hydrocarbon resources in the Philippines’ own exclusive economic zone.

China uses “intimidation and coercion” against smaller nations in the region.

Is the US getting back to the moon to defend any other country's mining of Helium-3? Is the creation of the US Space Force more about getting to the moon, than looking at protecting spy satellites from damage from foes?

Trump remains the only one to have said in the US, we must go back to the moon (https://www.newsweek.com/nasa-plans-back-moon-mission-lunar-orbiter-1140497), (not clarifying that we would be going there for resource mining, establishing adequate military bases for monitoring asteroids, or missile threats from any sources).. And Mr Trump pointed out not so eloquently that the US needs a SPACE focused Military (the emphasis being on the moon, not just looking at satellite attacks of Earth, or attacks on US satellites by foreign powers).

Is the US not chiding China to stop bullying of neighboring countries because the US would rather stop China from taking over energy resources on the moon? For instance, the U.S. has refused to take sides in the territorial disputes between China and the other claimant-states in the South China Sea. The Trump administration stayed silent even when Chinese military threats forced Vietnam in March, for the second time in less than nine months, to halt oil and gas drilling on its own continental shelf on it's own territory. China prevented others from drilling and exploring in their own waters.. That is a very serious situation. Is China going to go drill within other country's waters? If so, what does that say? Nobody will defend against Chinese aggression? They have demonstrated and continued to demonstrate, invasion of other 'lands' then claiming those other lands and resources for themselves.

Space Defence Forces -

US defence secretary Ash Carter has urged the United States to strengthen its military partnerships in Asia to counter what he described as China’s isolationist and confrontational approach in the region and around the world. (https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/2169402/us-urged-counter-chinese-aggression-strong-military). Each of these countries are threatened by Chinese aggression - We must have the quality and quantity of forces necessary to prevent Chinese aggression if we can, and counter it if we must,” he wrote in the report which looks at America’s strategy in Asia. “We must also continue to build stronger military partnerships in the region, with established allies such as Japan, South Korea and Australia as well as newer partners such as Vietnam and India.”

And that moves to another potentially priceless commodity grab, Helium-3 on the lunar surface (and quite possibly to some depth yet unknown)..

Back in August 2018 Mattis pointed out " [..] "We are not initiating this. We are saying we will be able to defend our satellites in space. At the same time, if someone is going to try to engage in space with military means, we will not stand idly by. We don't intend to militarize space. However, we will defend ourselves in space if necessary." He did not say this meant the U.S. would respond to a satellite attack by attacking the aggressor's satellites or with any other use of force.

But that scenario is one that worries many who have warned that space could become the next global battlefield. The U.S. military has worked on anti-satellite weaponry in the past but has no deployed weapon dedicated to that mission today.

Asked later to elaborate on how the U.S. would respond to an attack on a satellite, Mattis said he preferred to maintain ambiguity.

"I don't tell adversaries in advance what we will do or what we will not do," he said. "We will not stand idly by if someone tried to deny us the use of space." China demonstrated it could take out an observational satellite from the ground for instance.

Looking at the "diversion", the mis-direction, and China's current activities of blocking countries from mining their own resources, watching China knock out satellites as a threat misses the boat. China IS on the moon currently and carrying out its program of mapping out the economic worth of a currently virtually priceless commodity - Helium-3. China needs energy and minerals and commodities for its global expansion policies.

An Op-Ed from Space news:

For the Chinese military, space is not about space at all. It is about information — how to ensure the [People’s Liberation Army] gets it, as well as how to ensure that an adversary does not.

Mike Pence unveiled plans for a "US Space Force" in August 2018, saying it was needed because "our adversaries have transformed space into a war-fighting domain already".

"China is following its own motivations and interests rather than pacing its programme in competition with anybody else," John Logsdon, founder of the Space Policy Institute at George Washington University. "In my view, China is determining for itself what it wants to do.."

"there was the vast potential for resources, some of which could "solve human beings' energy demand for around 10,000 years at least".

China is willing to prevent countries around the South China Sea from developing a simple commodity as natural gas and oil. A reserve at best that could produce for maybe 10-20 years per a very good well.. China though is looking at the bigger picture, a resource that could supply all of EARTH for 10,000 years at least. It doesn't take a rocket scientist to look at past actions of China and current activity and look at their statements about lunar mining.

The US space-policy directive signed in December 2017 by President Trump outlined plans for manned missions to the moon and Mars and started preparations for a new space force to counter the Chinese military’s development of space weapons. These moves came after experts testified at a House Subcommittee on Space hearing in 2016 entitled “Are we losing the space race to China?” that the U.S. risked being eclipsed in the field.

The U.S. and China are now the main contenders in a race to determine “who will be in a position to obtain the vast resources in space, secure the routes of trade and write the rules of space commerce,” said Namrata Goswami, an expert on China’s space program at Auburn University Futures Lab in Alabama.A late entrant to the space race, China conducted its first manned space flight in 2003, 42 years after the Soviet Union and the U.S. first achieved the feat.

Since then, Chinese leaders have portrayed the conquest of space as an essential marker in the nation’s rise and backed that ambition with ready financing. China National Space Administration is the world’s best-funded space agency after NASA, and its development of military capabilities such as antisatellite weapons and its busy schedule of missions have jolted the U.S.

This “is a competition with high strategic stakes,” said Dean Cheng, an expert on China’s space capabilities at the Washington-based Heritage Foundation.

While space matters again to American policy makers, the U.S. effort has lost its focus, having been underfunded since the Reagan era, according to Mr. Cheng. The U.S. has had to rely on other countries to send American astronauts into space since the end of the Space Shuttle program in 2011. Timetables to put astronauts on the moon by 2023 and on Mars by 2033 look difficult to achieve, some analysts said, and could easily fall victim to shifting political priorities.

China, she added, “is best placed to win,” thanks to a methodical program that has mapped out clearly defined objectives decades into the future.

China's motivating drive has been to capture world-wide commodities, and resources and create financial dependencies on those who allow China to "invest" in their countries, or projects (if the projects involve energy, hydro-electric power, oil-gas, precious metals, and utility metals).

[Bob]

India's Helium-3 explorations -


February 20, 2017 In New Delhi - India hopes to meet all its energy requirements from resources from the moon by 2030, according to a professor at the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), which recently launched a record 104 satellites with a single rocket, reports said on Sunday.

Elaborating on ISRO’s future plans, Dr Sivathanu Pillai, who was formerly the chief of BrahMos Aerospace, said all of India’s energy requirements could be met through Helium 3 mined from the moon.

“By 2030, this process target will be met,” he said while delivering the valedictory address at the three-day ORF-Kalpana Chawla Space Policy Dialogue, organised by Observer Research Foundation here on Saturday.

Dr Pillai said that mining lunar dust, which is rich in Helium 3, is a priority programme for his organisation. He added that other countries were also working on this project and that there was enough Helium on the moon to meet the energy requirements of the entire world.

India is concerned about its country's safety, and energy security

Lt Gen P.M. Bali, director general of Perspective Planning, Indian Army, said that India now acknowledged the growing requirements of space technology for its national security and was beginning to put in place relevant policy and institutional frameworks.

He pointed out that at present India possessed one of the largest constellations of communication and remote-sensing satellites covering the Asia Pacific. The launch of GSAT-7 in 2013, India’s first dedicated military satellite, was testimony to its outlook towards utilisation and exploitation of outer space for national security.

In Zero-Hedge last year, it was pointed out that,


While the world's eyes are focused on Syria, Russia, Ukraine, and North Korea; there is another - much more tense - fight between two nuclear powers that is getting far too little attention. The world's two most populous nations, China and India, have been engaged in a border dispute for decades but in recent months it has flared once again with a Chinese Ministry of Defense official now warning explicitly that Indian troops must leave the contested Doklam area if they do not want war.

The latest standoff started more than a month ago after Chinese troops started building a road on a remote plateau, which is disputed by China and Bhutan. Indian troops countered by moving to the flashpoint zone to halt the work, with China accusing them of violating its territorial sovereignty and calling for their immediate withdrawal.

In 1962 their armies clashed, leading to defeat of the Indian army, and thousands of casualties on both sides. Based on the rhetoric coming out of Beijing’s state sponsored media, it appears that China is willing to replicate that conflict.

From - https://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/why-india-should-fear-chinas-growing-naval-power-25814 -


Over the past few years, China’s rapidly expanding naval presence in the Indian Ocean has created anxiety in India’s strategic community, where many believe China’s naval activism has shrunk New Delhi’s space for operational activity. For New Delhi, the bigger challenge has come from Chinese submarines in the Indian Ocean.

In its attempts to maintain a favourable balance of naval power in the Indian Ocean, New Delhi has drawn close to Washington and Tokyo. The trilateral India–US–Japan Malabar exercises have grown in scope and complexity with the addition of more combat drills, but New Delhi has been strangely reluctant to expand the tent to accommodate the Royal Australian Navy. It is possible India might consider entering into other trilateral arrangements (possibly with France and Australia) before assenting to a large naval coalition in the Indian Ocean.

India once again points the fingers towards Chinese aggression in Space - Lt Gen Bali also said that although India continued with a civilian orientation to its space programme, the changing regional and global realities required it to also develop military assets in space and on the ground, as an emerging regional and global power.

He added that there was a need for a dedicated military space programme with adequate resources at its disposal because of “the changing realities in our neighbourhood”.

Delivering a special address on “Outer space and strategic stability”, retired Lt Gen B.S. Nagal said that maintaining space stability was “very difficult” with changing warfare and space being no taboo unlike nuclear weapons.


https://geospatialmedia.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Chandrayaan-2_mission_1152x833.jpg

[mojo]

For the longest time I thought the conspiracy that we never went to the moon was a joke. Now I believe that only early drone type craft went there. The space capsule would not allow for humans to travel through high radiation. Even today NASA discusses the need to protect humans better in their new designs.

[Joe Akulis]

"University of Wisconsin has been the US leader."

Anybody know if China has an equivalent "leader" that has also been moving in the same direction with this type of reactor tech?

[Sunny-side-up]

We will probably find someone is already using the Moon He-3.
It's what "they" power the Moon with to keep it in place O.0

;)

[TomKat]

For the longest time I thought the conspiracy that we never went to the moon was a joke. Now I believe that only early drone type craft went there. The space capsule would not allow for humans to travel through high radiation. Even today NASA discusses the need to protect humans better in their new designs.

Yes, now NASA talks about the problem of going through the Van Allen Radiation Belt as if they've never faced that before... strange

[Ernie Nemeth]

There was no attack in my earlier post. It was meant more as a reminder that we have been played before in terms of the moon. And that the technologies that you speak of so nonchalantly are not in the text books because of the natural way they fit into the discussion and how quickly it would lead to further discoveries if it was stamped with the approval of the 'authorities'.

Having read up on developments in the field I see that I am way out of date and for that I am sorry. (including many inaccuracies in my previous post) The fermion versus boson argument for favoring straight HE-3 reactions over deuterium He-3 reactions is an interesting idea.

Still, the thing is why did NASA stop its manned missions to the moon? Because they never went or because they were told to or because they did not want the public to know what they found there? If it is because of secrecy, does China have to play by those rules as well? Or will they either reveal what has been hidden or dispel the grand conspiracy that some say extended even unto Kubrick himself? Is the moon a desolate inhospitable world, or are there artifacts and more to be disclosed?

I guess the hint was too obscure. Plus at work the noise is not conducive to effective writing, and neither is my phone...

[Bob]

Gut feeling Ernie, NASA and Schmitt did find the He-3 and trillions of $$$ worth of clean energy for the planet, and the conspiracy would come from those who want to manipulate energy through controlled shortages. Oil/gas for instance and of course the alternative over-unity technology.

The Helium-3 finding and Chinese bringing it forth puts NASA in a big quagmire, getting caught and disavowing what was found, and of course no doubt feeding conspiracies to discredit any further lunar exploration. And what happens if China then creates the energy system and holds it ransom over the world?

Harrison Schmitt, the geologist Astronaut is a key player in Helium-3, working with the University of Wisconsin.

In 1993 there were papers published about the importance of using Helium-3, but Apollo 17 Schmitt's expedition in 1972 would have made the first discovery, later confirmed by orbiting mapping spectrometers.

We could have easily gone back to get to the "dark side" of the moon and get into obtaining an energy source which would have put oil and gas and coal into the dark ages where they belong. But politically we were prevented from going and getting that material.

To me it is obvious where the conspiracy resides, big oil and gas and big coal. Energy manipulation and scarcity to drive the price up. Conveniently, during the OPEC oil embargo, inflation adjusted oil prices went up from $25.97 per barrel (bbl) in 1973 to $46.35 per barrel (bbl) in 1974. Quite obvious seeing the energy squeeze and somebody(s) pocketing their ill gotten wealth.

We could have had 10,000 years of clean energy, but that would have slammed a lot of good-ole-boy inner sanctum (wink wink) monopolies and portfolios - they most certainly DIDN'T want disruptive technology rocking their boat.

Now China who has made it very clear it intends to dominate the world technologically and in energy and mineral wealth is up there now.. What's going to happen?

This revealing of an ah-ha moment has been waiting since 1972 to be revealed. Finally we are starting to see what's been happening behind the scenes.. Now exactly WHO were the conspirators back then?

President Nixon, Henry Kissinger, Don Rumsfeld, Dick Cheney.. hmmm very key players right after the "discovery" of energy independence happened.. hmmm

[DNA]

Actually @Whisper, civilians, the Amateur Radio Operators and societies have been picking up signals, data, images from Lunar craft for YEARS and reporting on such. One can believe conspiracies or do the research and find out for oneself.

Actually astronomers from the infancy of the science have been seeing strange lights and movement on the moon for centuries, and this is alluded to in Whisper's "Ingo Swan" reference in his book penetration, this would indicate to me at least that there is indeed another civilization of some kind with operations on the moon. You do good work Bob but give folks a break, that post is rather dismissive and high handed, not what I'm used to seeing from you.

[Bob]

DNA - kinda deviating the thread a bit talking about Transient Lunar Phenomena, but lets divert for one post to put this to bed. As I stated clearly and kindly, doing the research and not trying to get into conspiratorial "aliens" puts it back onto science to determine the causes.

The following website has the most objective explanation:

http://www.armaghplanet.com/blog/whatever-happened-to-transient-lunar-phenomena.html those interested in light flashes on the moon, and wanting to believe that they are ancient aliens please take it to another thread, as it has nothing to do with this thread on Helium-3 mining and those heading to various locations on the moon to sample regolith for Helium-3 levels and quantity.

The Israel Genesis lander/probe is going to be looking for the electrostatic charged particle characteristics, which have been known to appear during the moon traveling into the Earth's magnetic tail. The tail increases during solar events, and the charges are quite radically imparted upon the moon. Charged reflective "dust" can change reflectivity as observed from a spacecraft taking pictures, or from those on earth visually observing. The larger the cloud kicked up by whatever type of strike the larger the "flash" observed.

Virtually a swirling dust storm could be possible, as the regolith is very much highly reflective when stirred up and exposed. Virtually there could be micro-tornado's picking up dust which being concentrated allows for a "bright area" to appear. It is pretty easy to simulate a dust devil localized in a crater containing for instance Titanium Dioxide, a very major component of the regolith. Titanium Dioxide exposed either thru a meteorite strike or thru a transient electrostatic vortex would appear "bright" increasing the reflectivity briefly while active and thereby exciting earth observers, no doubt..

The Israel Genesis craft would be able to document the pulsations of the lunar dust swarms lets call them.. It doesn't need an "aliens on the moon" explanation to not only document but verify a phenomenon which requires earth craft intervention on and around the moon in low orbit to monitor for the effects.


http://www.armaghplanet.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/image-of-TLP-by-Leon-Stuart.jpg

statistical reference - meteorite strike on the lunar surface:
https://newsbeezer.com/colombiaeng/every-hour-the-moon-receives-an-average-of-eight-meteorite-strikes/

"Every hour, the Moon receives an average of eight meteorite strikes"


https://www.elespectador.com/sites/default/files/tuberculos_andinos_m-12_1.jpg

Above, example of strikes distributed on the visible side of the moon (earth facing). Such matches the "TLP" (Light phenomenon). Again, it doesn't take going the "aliens on the moon" explanation for a much more obvious mechanism.

And to cap this, the Chinese probe and rover are on the moon, getting data, and they weren't stopped as suggested by the member. Let's move on and back to topic, thanks.

[Bob]

"University of Wisconsin has been the US leader."

Anybody know if China has an equivalent "leader" that has also been moving in the same direction with this type of reactor tech?

Joe I am researching that and will post what I find. China has a lot of MILITARY reactor systems, so getting the Chinese data on their energy program (military related) will take some finesse.

They did explore the Tokamak system which suffers from confinement issues and neutron erosion issues, (which Ernie touched on briefly). One of the scientists pointed out a Tokamak system COULD be filled with deuterium and Helium-3 and would probably work adequately.

My personal feeling on that is tokamak is overkill for the simplicity of the Deuterium-Helium-3 fusion power system.. Tokamak wasn't setup adequately with MHD (magneto-hydro-dynamic) power extraction to siphon off the power from the proton plasma storm.

Tokamak systems are unbelievably expensive, which really prevents their use in any cost-effective way. However they got funding with the promise of more power out than in.. But they are not clean - the Helium-3 reaction IS clean.

ref: https://www.iter.org/ (this is the multi-billion multi-national $$$ effort for dirty fusion)

in my opinion being in this "clean energy science" since 1966, this recent iter complex is about as large a diversion of research as can be in recent history. It's known how much damage such a system will create, with insurmountable difficulties.

I believe it is an intentional energy drain from using the actual workable sources of technology and starting point feed-stock materials which could address worldwide energy issues and environmental issues. This dirty fusion concept was focused on instead of a clean Helium-3 system..


https://www.iter.org/img/resize-2000-70/all/content/com/gallery/media/4%20-%20aerial/2018/site_night_6-dec_2018_1a.jpg

I am sure China knows this and is bailing from the iter venture. Gates and Bezos were going to work with China on 4th generation nuclear reactor project, but have pulled out saying the US needs to move on the newer nuclear technologies NOW, not later. (that was from 29 Dec, 2018). They know what's happening behind the scenes I believe.

[ThePythonicCow]

We could have easily gone back to get to the "dark side" of the moon and get into obtaining an energy source which would have put oil and gas and coal into the dark ages where they belong. But politically we were prevented from going and getting that material.

To me it is obvious where the conspiracy resides, big oil and gas and big coal. Energy manipulation and scarcity to drive the price up. Conveniently, during the OPEC oil embargo, inflation adjusted oil prices went up from $25.97 per barrel (bbl) in 1973 to $46.35 per barrel (bbl) in 1974. Quite obvious seeing the energy squeeze and somebody(s) pocketing their ill gotten wealth.

We could have had 10,000 years of clean energy, but that would have slammed a lot of good-ole-boy inner sanctum (wink wink) monopolies and portfolios - they most certainly DIDN'T want disruptive technology rocking their boat.
Good point.

If Huawei came up with a replacement for the mobile cell phone that would have enabled every human on the planet to have superior service for a few pennies a month, I would not expect Apple to help pave the way for Huawei's success. Nor would I expect the nation whose dominance depends on King (Petro-)Dollar to pave the way for the success of what would replace petroleum, as a far superior energy source. This dynamic had long been the downfall of the sort of Silicon Valley high tech firms that I used to work for: success in one generation of technology often precluded success in the next generation.

Also, when I look at the confusion, insanity and bickering going on in Washington, DC these days (some of which I have no doubt China is encouraging, when it can), versus the disciplined focus that seems (at least to an English only speaking observer from Texas) to be going on in Beijing these days, and when I look at the number of competent engineers being turned out by China, versus the U.S., then I'd have to favor China, over the U.S., in this contest.

If my understanding is correct that, given sufficient energy, at sufficiently low cost, then it becomes practical to make gold from more common metals, then I would anticipate that a nation confident that it was on the road to obtaining such energy supplies would want to also (1) hoard the earth's existing above ground gold and (2) make gold hoards a major factor in determining the value of a nation's currency. Clearly, I am thinking of China as that nation. In other words, a critical component of a currency is its relation to energy. The petro-dollar has been dominant in good part because it was needed to purchase oil from the Anglo-American controlled Middle East. In the future, the golden yuan will be valuable because China has the gold, and the energy to make more gold. A tiny prototype of this happened in Bitcoin, which was overtaken by Chinese crypto-miners working off very low cost energy.

Thanks, Bob, for this thread about Chinese mining He-3 on the moon, as it connects with their latest Chang'e-4 probe landing, and the future potential for almost unlimited energy supplies. It fits in well, from the technology side, with what I've been reading of China's political aspirations to world dominance in Michael Pillsbury's book The Hundred-Year Marathon (https://thehundredyearmarathon.com/).

[Bob]

Great logic there Paul, thanks. What I found interesting is soon as it was certain Chang'e-4 was going to land successfully, Gates and Bezos pulled out of funding a Chinese new reactor (a cleaner fission version, not fusion) from their Breakthrough Energy Ventures fund. Looking at the international ITER fiasco (the tokamak style deuterium-tritium fusion reactor), China moves out and takes over virtually unlimited clean energy production IF they can get it back from earth.

I wonder how hard it will be to setup laser systems, and other missile systems on the lunar surface or a weaponized orbiting platform to "protect their wealth" from other nations going to mine..

I wonder how long the other country's "rovers and probes" will last/function, if they don't mysteriously break down.

I think we are at the forefront of a big confrontation, unless something politically (wink wink) is going to be worked out..

[ThePythonicCow]

Bob - I am just now sending the following to my son, to explain this helium-3 technology. Did I get it about right?

=============

A ton of helium-3 can make about as much electricity as 1/8 of a billion tons of coal.

And the process doesn't emit electrons; it emits protons.

What causes the damage in our present day reactors is, in good part, the neutron emission,
which can not be deflected or controlled using magnetic fields, so just slams into the
reactor walls, making more radioactive waste and slowly destroying the reactor.

The protons from helium-3 fusion, such as described here:

https://io9.gizmodo.com/5908499/could-helium-3-really-solve-earths-energy-problems

can be directed using magnetic fields, and then moving protons (positive charges) can
be used to generate electricity.

It won't be easy, as there are only 50 parts per billion of helium-3 in lunar soil, so the refining
will have to be done on the moon, returning just the helium-3.

Obviously of no impact on our day-to-day lives for the coming year :).

If and when it is working, strip mining a billion tons of lunar soil will will produce 50 tons
of helium-3, which can then be shipped back to earth to provide clean electricity in an
amount equivalent to what 6 billion tons of coal.

That's 1 billion tons of lunar soil yielding the equivalent electricity of 6 billion tons of coal,
but with practically no pollution.

The strip mined lunar landscape will end up looking like a barren lunar wasteland ... not
much change there :).
=============

[Bob]

OK a few points, history and some thoughts.. I think a few points need to be elaborated on so that it isn't just a brief summary. There were a lot of hours used to do the numbers and they may not be accurate, but I think it is close.

(first statement for your child explaining the "new fusion", about the reaction not emitting excess electrons, probably clarify saying a properly designed helium-3 system would not emit excess neutrons, but would have excess protons that could be stripped off for "electricity"..)

I think the mining operations can be refined as well as the "reactor".. here goes with some basics, logics, and practicalities:

On the field containment, electrostatic fields would be easier and better for acceleration (energy increase) than magnetic fields which would be more for containment I believe Paul. A moving charge will induce a magnetic field so having multiple magnetic fields could complicate geometry. In a Cathode Ray tube TV set, focusing and directing electrons both electrostatic and magnetic concepts are used for deflecting charges. A magnetic lens for instance would be great for separating different masses or concentrations, such as a particular atom with multiple electrons and protons.. But for just protons electrostatics is just fine for acceleration. We will use an RF field to raise the overall energy to evoke a plasma state tho..

An RF source excites the non-polar helium which is then directed into a "linear accelerator". In my early fusion system, I used a 100 watt RF transmitter driving a "plasma tube" which was filled with mixed gases, of which normal helium and co2 were components with deuterium, there were other "trace gases" present to increase plasma formation. The use of the magnetics were for what I called "pinch mirrors" for the cavity. Along the plasma tube were conductive rings (cylinders) which had increasing values of voltage (this is where the linear accelerator concept happens, about 100KV is the operating voltage in my model). The inner (plasma) containment system was operated under low pressure, the outer system which isolated the rings was under high pressure sulfur hexafluoride gas. (that concept is understood in high voltage switch-gear insulation of high voltage to prevent breakdown). I was contemplating a liquid system for HV isolation at the time too instead of gas so that extra-cooling available could be used to extract the intense heat generated. I had experimented with what I called "dimensional resonance" which worked with evoking the correct standing wave pattern in the accelerator, and exploring which patterns evokes a very high level of fusion.


https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRkkn-A14VRQ3ttvRbkh3-WIN_i4sliQLEpkczb29qS-5QhNEGRlg

That's about it. Substituting helium-3 would be the next step in the experimentation. The modulation to evoke resonance reduces the "brute force" electron volt equivalent to induce fusion. One could think about it as evoking "cold fusion" by knowing what resonances are needed to overcome inherent "resistance".. In fusion, think about it this way, they used the multiple laser beams to try to achieve a high brute force temperature on the target gases...their high energy level only is needed when one is trying to drive a "truck" through a brick wall (analogy for concept).. Trying it slowly to go thru the wall (achieve fusion) and the brick wall stays put (no fusion). (in physics that brick wall is analogous to something called the "coulomb barrier"). Accelerate the truck (raise the energy) and the virtual mass equivalent goes way up, allowing penetration.. (that is conventional brute force physics mindsets).. But if one knew how to vibrate the truck just right (i called it multi-dimensional resonance), the slightest amount of energy allows the truck to penetrate the wall.. Cold fusion concepts applied to a hot plasma to reduce overall energy needed... It overcomes the coulomb barrier, and that is my breakthrough.

Keys being RF for plasma, plus a modulated DC linear accelerator and then some magnetics used as reflective barriers or mirrors.. Nothing like the magnetics needed in a tokamak..

The walls of the toroid in the tokamak have the problem of continual field containment when increased virtual mass happens, excess non-containable neutron flux, necessitating awfully high magnetic fields to contain a circulating current.. That's the reason I would stay away from the toroid concept.


https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Torus.jpg

It's awful to control and not easily modulatable. Add in the excess neutron liberation using tritium and one has a monstrocity needing high maintenance and high support keeping everything focused and balanced.

As to the strip mining concept, separating out the different elements would be useful. I developed a magnetic/electrostatic mining separator for such things back in the 80's, able to work from the elements down to the isotopes for purification and separation.. Any materials NOT wanted to be exported back to the earth would be put back so that there wouldn't be a strip mining situation.. A temporary capture of the material, any crushing and sieving/screening and particle sizing, then insertion into the mass separator. The collecting area then captures the desired atom, and slowly molecular concentrations build up.. So it isn't really needed to "damage the moon", just extract what is needed from the top two meters of "soil".

I would assume liquification of He-3 would be accomplished on the surface at the mining facility, probably no need to highly purify on the surface to save energy/time.

Energy output - The total amount of energy produced in the deuterium + He-3 in a fusion reaction is 18.4 MeV, which corresponds to some 493 megawatt-hours (4.93×10e8 W·h) per every three grams (one mole) of He-3, or (164.3 megawatt-hours per gram of He-3)

As to the raw regolith volume and concentration.. I think these are yet to be determined before one can get an accurate prediction of "value" and how much volume of raw material moves through the capture/containment, crushing/screening/milling, and or any concentration steps. If the He-3 is bound particularly to one particular component of the regolith, that may take a particular process to facilitate the least cost per volume economy.. For instance gold in earth materials can be bound that requires different steps for separate (one of the reasons I prefer the method I described above for both high-grading and separation verses conventional concepts)... In other words we could use the speculative value from the orbiting spectrometers to do some guesses, but they would be guesses because we don't know exactly what the makeup is of the soil (regolith) that we are mining just yet. ilmenite (FeTiO3) for instance is a good raw material to capture He-3 in the regolith.

Rough Assumptions: On earth, one cubic yard of dry regolith weighs 2000 pounds or one ton. (it isn't ilmenite tho and the weight can really vary).. In the 50 ppb He-3 concentration density (which could be higher or lower) one can roughly estimate hundreds of millions of tons of lunar regolith must be mined and processed to extract a ton of Helium-3.

So some numbers, the assumption is 6 feet deep is the concentration region in the regolith.. Let's look at 100 square miles to that depth.. The amount of cubic yards (tons) then is 619,520,000. (52800 feet linear surface distance x 52800 feet linear surface distance x 72 inches depth) that is 10 miles x 10 miles for the rectangular "field". That is a small area on the moon.

Assuming good 'pickings', 200,000,000 raw tons then could get us 2 tons of our desired He-3 product. Assuming then 100 square miles mined properly to 6 feet deep gets us 6 tons.. (from a field 10 miles x 10 miles by 72 inches deep) Not bad. And the titanium and iron become available too.. So there is our number conversion assumption, 100 million raw tons to 1 ton of He-3.

These are all assumptions.. subject to change on actual sampling something that the Chinese are getting their boots on the ground to start to quantify and qualify where the best places are.

How big is a 10 mile by 10 mile area on the moon? Let's look at a crater size: The largest crater called such is about 290 kilometres (181 mi) across in diameter, located near the lunar South Pole. China's Chang'e 4 landed over a special, possibly insightful location, the Von Kármán crater, a 115-mile-wide (186 kilometer) feature.

Let's assume just a 100 mile diameter crater for simplicity.. How many square miles is that then..? approximately 7,854 square miles (rounded). But for a simple mining operation, lets use a rectangular 88 miles by 88 miles "mine". (7744 sq miles area).. gives us 47,975,628,800 cubic yards (tons) mined. The He-3 then from that one crater (and not a very big one at that) could give us about 480 tons of Helium-3. That would be a rough approximation of the "value" of He-3 in the current crater that the Chinese are looking...

Energy Value from mining that one crater: assumptions, 493 megawatt-hours (4.93×10e8 W·h) per every three grams of He-3 or 164.3 megawatt-hours per gram of He-3 is our theoretical fusion energy factor. How many grams in a ton? 1,016,046 grams per long ton. So, we have 480 tons or 487,702,080 grams. Multiply that out by 164.3 megawatt-hours and we have a final value of energy of 80,129,451,744 megawatt hours - potential from that one crater where the Chinese are at currently.

A city with roughly 1 million residents like in the state of Delaware uses 12,500 MWh per day. How many days of power then are in 80,129,451,744 megawatt hours ? 6,410,356 days. Convert that into years.. 17,000 years for that ONE city.. Of course lets assume that there are 100 cities at that power level.. 17,000 / 100 = 170 years of clean power.. Not bad at all..

[ThePythonicCow]

A city with roughly 1 million residents like in the state of Delaware uses 12,500 MWh per day. How many days of power then are in 80,129,451,744 megawatt hours ? 6,410,356 days. Convert that into years.. 17,000 years for that ONE city.. Of course lets assume that there are 100 cities at that power level.. 17,000 / 100 = 170 years of clean power.. Not bad at all..
Thanks. Your numbers seem plausible to me, not that I am any expert in the matter.

I agree that this "strip mining" would not cause much harm to the moon. If this helium-3, in lunar concentrations, were in desolate parts of the Sahara Desert, we could use similar "strip mining" techniques there, with little harm. It's the flora, fauna and watersheds on the land that are devastated by strip mining. The moon has no flora, fauna or watersheds.

The key, apparently, is the practical implementation of the fusion reactors back down on earth. Detractors from the potential of lunar helium-3 to provide abundant, clean energy on earth point to the decades of very high cost and very limited success of other (well, at least the published) fusion reactor efforts (not using helium-3), and presume similarly limited success for helium-3 fusion reactors.

[Bob]

The key, apparently, is the practical implementation of the fusion reactors back down on earth. Detractors from the potential of lunar helium-3 to provide abundant, clean energy on earth point to the decades of very high cost and very limited success of other (well, at least the published) fusion reactor efforts (not using helium-3), and presume similarly limited success for helium-3 fusion reactors.

I think that is the main issue. The biggest argument in the combined physics/engineer is how to in their minds "ignite" the plasma, start the combination of the "fuel". And to pick fuels which won't destroy containment and then how much does it all cost for such a system, including refurbishment maintenance, ignition costs (the biggest ignition cost is the electricity in the ITER project to charge up the capacitors that will fire, to discharge into the lasers)... I considered all that "mass" and overhead unwieldy, but the same mentality got us CERN and nobody seemed to care to spend billions to get so many unemployed "scientists" and engineers and day workers to construct it, and run it, and feed the operating expenses... in hopes of understanding something new about how particles crashed together generate new "interesting" patterns.. or that we'll find dark matter or understand "subatomic-glue"..

I went a different way, mostly from not having a hundred billion dollar budget, unlimited university facilities, and more staff and infrastructure to be minionesque doing my every bidding to build what is necessary, but we'd most likely find that they'd be developing their own "experiments" at the cost of the project.. I will leave it at 'multi-dimensional resonance' is what I focused on all my life and still do in the various projects I explore. For a lay person, a system in full dimensional resonance in space and time, high resonance, resistance can be overcome. (Zero resistance is going with the flow, whatever flow that is in the moment, and resistance is bucking the flow, whatever flow that is in the moment.)

That is a very basic TESLA concept, and we've kept that focus but simply expanded it into something like this: (there is a thread that goes into 'is time-space more than 4 dimensions'). Tesla at best worked with 4D.. which was adequate at the time to come up with very good high efficiency work conversion systems which allowed for easy conduits for the 'work function' to be easily transferred from the "generating station" to the receiving station(s). Then what to do with "unique applications" of localized work (such as high efficiency light, motive force (motors), and defensive and offensive systems..


https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT6z0NNFbKE1c7LNl6HA5APNirgbwv58Qo2rCj42p5irhajMsRQ Usually we'd see reference to there being 3 space and 1 time reference to mark a point in space.. Adding more "area" assuming each face on a cube (it would be a bit different if we looked at the "area" for discussion to be a spheroid), 4 per side in the cube we have 24 descriptors to deal with..

A flow then to not buck that "cube" (have zero resistance) and ultimate going with the flow (vibrational movement because the cube is above absolute zero, there is inherent latent motion present, quite possibly we could even call that movement 'zero-point' froth..)

So the conventional physics solution (http://aether.lbl.gov/elements/stellar/strong/strong.html) to in their words to "ignite the plasma" is beat the crap out of the cube so that it complies with the mind blowingly high levels of brute force energy coming in from the lasers ' houston, we have "ignition" '.... Beat the crap out of the particles pushing them into each other hoping that they will fuse.. (er, duhh... is my response to that)..

A properly vibrating system if you look at it (and this is a very coarse representation, that are other factors as such as what I called the coulomb block wall(s) (https://www.askiitians.com/forums/Modern-Physics/18/25677/interatomic-attraction.htm)) a mix can happen with a proper vibration. If that vibration covered the 24 different "dimensional factors", there would be no resistance in merging the "particles" (every particle component has to be looked at with that many dimensions, but I assume there could be developed a simplified math after it is found inherent "vibrations" are happening within each particle and sub-atomic).

I looked at overcoming then the multi-dimensional resistance through proper multi-dimensional vibration. They use brute force and really try to overwhelm inherent resistance by blasting it all (bigger hammer).. One more analogy just to get the mind looking at visualizations..

We all know the break the brandy goblet with the right tonal vibration, even from the voice (Mythbusters actually did an episode on this).. Hit the right pattern through resonance and the binding structure of the goblet breaks down, not able to withstand. The glass goblet is resisting and mechanically falls apart when the structure to resist is overcome. (A sonic waveform of the right resonances can then couple energy properly into the structure).. The big energy physics folks say "aw heck, take out the bloody hammer and give it a wack", and the goblet fractures..

What is ignored in both cases is how do you then manipulate and reshape that which one has ripped apart (taken the structure apart).. Again a proper manipulative multi-dimensional waveform overcoming resistance, can move the particles into the desired orientation to assume a new resultant final object.. (hint, there is a LOT more that happens in space-time tho which is a bit off-topic and possibly we will get into that at some point...)

Of course that should open up the mind to more concepts such as matter replication, matter transmutation, matter construction even, not just sucking out some excess particle energy (proton particle packets)...

Here is an example of hitting a waveform into a transducer plate - (Particles sit on top of the plate - this can be done multi-dimensionally to work with the vibrations of for instance all the nucleons of atoms (https://awesomeatoms.weebly.com/ernest-rutherford.html)):


https://i.ytimg.com/vi/wvJAgrUBF4w/maxresdefault.jpg

With the right system capable of taking apart the inherent barriers of the "fuel" and then recombining properly without resistance (remember multi-dimensional resistance and resonance) then we have efficiency, low maintenance, low cost, small size (heck maybe even something the size of a hand held device could be built ! )... and if we want excess energy out in the minimum, useful electrical or thermal energy.. my earliest first concepts in 1966..

[Did You See Them]

Just a little aside - I find this ties in in regards future plans

Elon Musk has attended the ground-breaking ceremony for a $2bn (£1.6bn) Tesla factory in Shanghai that is expected to begin producing electric cars by the end of the year.

Gigafactory 3 will be China's first wholly foreign-owned car plant and should allow Tesla to minimise the impact of the trade war which has seen Beijing impose big tariffs on US car imports.

It came as US and Chinese officials began talks aimed at overcoming the bruising dispute between the world's two biggest economies that has rattled markets and fuelled fears of a global slowdown.

Tesla's factory in China - the world's biggest car market - will be its first outside the US.


https://e3.365dm.com/19/01/960x720/skynews-tesla-shanghai-elon-musk_4539689.jpg?bypass-service-worker&20190107112510



The Tesla boss said: "We think with the resources here we can build the Shanghai Gigafactory in record time and we're looking forward to hopefully having some initial production of the Model 3 towards the end of this year."

He said the Shanghai factory would produce "affordable versions" of its Model 3 and the planned "Y" model that has yet to receive a formal name.


https://news.sky.com/story/tesla-breaks-ground-on-new-china-factory-11601134

[Bob]

On the coal to megawatt hours conversion and tying it into Helium-3 fusion... This is to work out on paper the validity of the coal/helium-3 energy value comparing it to burning dirty coal.

Burning coal is dirty and inefficient. A lot of products go up the stack besides particulates, especially neuro-toxic Mercury. see https://content.sierraclub.org/coal/disposal-ash-waste


125,000,000 tons is 1/8 of a billion tons of coal, and that volume would come out to creating a "strip mine field" of about 4.3 miles x 4.3 miles in size, or 18 square miles, with mining a seam that is 72 inches thick. (anthracite coal is about 0.9 ton/yd³)

If we are using the converter found on http://www.kylesconverter.com/energy,-work,-and-heat/tons-of-coal-equivalent-to-megawatt-hours we can get the amount of megawatt hours of electricity that can be produced (the conversion process isn't particularly efficient btw)..

We get 1,017,625,000 megawatt hours for that much coal being burned.

With an ideal Helium-3 to energy conversion, 1 gram of Helium-3 being converted into excess protons yields 164.3 megawatt-hours per gram.

How many grams then of Helium-3 would be needed to equal the energy produced (conventionally and dirty) from 1/8 of a billion tons of coal?

About 6,193,700 grams of Helium-3 would be needed. That comes out to about 6 long tons of Helium-3. 8 times that or 48 tons of Helium-3 would equal a billion tons of coal being converted conventionally. Seems like a good way to go as far as volumes needed, and transport costs savings needed (for rail) - the exact lunar costs to get up there on the Lunar surface to
SURVEY,
and MINE,
and EXTRACT,
and CONCENTRATE and
then ship back
are not known. Nor are the costs for the Helium-3 reactor.

So completing the "equation" on paper, assuming then a good "field" of 100 square miles mined properly to 6 feet deep gets us 6 tons of Helium-3 and that equates out to 1/8 of a billion tons of Coal being burned conventionally.. (10mi x 10mi x 72 in deep).

Conversion into how long can a million person inhabited "City" run off a total source of 1,017,625,000 megawatt hours? Assuming a city of that size would consume 12,500 megawatt hours of energy for a day, then 1,017,625,000 / 12,500 gives us 81,410 days, or 223 years of 24 hour power. Would one have that much coal in any one area for a power plant ?

Better than oil, better than gas, better than hydroelectric (which can vary with weather/seasons), better than solar, better than wind..

The cost of the raw material fuel (coal) less the cost of the facility(s) to burn and convert is (1/8 of a billion tons) is $9,443,750,000 at current spot prices.

Eventually (and probably) using multi-dimensional nano-scale resonance conversions and manipulations, Helium-3 would be able to be made on the earth directly more efficiently than now happens (tritium decay)..

I would assume with the correctly scaled multi-dimensional-nano-fusion systems we'll see a LOT of available, non-radioactive energy for powering up real warp drive, and for matter manipulation, transmutation, and be quite practical - repeatable.. possibly even time warp technology (an intense matter or energy field density would alter time rates).

Will it be used? Would it be politically correct? Who will control it? China?

[Hughe]

Thermonuclear fusion technology will not be feasible at all. Because it's artificially created condition by man not in the natural state.
Mainstream scientists have been so delusional that Sun's source energy comes from thermonuclear fusion reaction at the core.
The Standard Stellar Model violates laws of thermodynamics.
They will eventually stabilize nuclear fusion reaction. But the energy to maintain nuclear fusion reactor will reduce energy efficiency down to less than 20 to 30 percent. Also thermonuclear fusion generates huge amount of radiation and high energy particles by product. It's dirty as nuclear fission energy.

If China's moon mission is peaceful, scientific mission, then they should disclose basic sensor data that shows the surface condition of the Moon: temperature variation during the day, radiation level, electromagnetic field strength, photos of constellations, measured G force on the Moon, and etc. Of course China wouldn't release any sensitive data from the probe that nullifies 1970s Apollo Moon Missions. The Moon has been observed by X-ray telescope.

[Bob]

@Hughe it seems to me that many points in thread was not understood.

It seems to me that you have some opinions and beliefs - I get that, thank you for your thoughts. I don't find a few of those points to be technically accurate, my opinion, regards how to do clean fusion.

Clean fusion means NEUTRON-FREE fusion. Understand that please what "clean fusion" means. Neutron-free fusion reactions.

I appreciate your post but I feel it hasn't described properly designed clean fusion systems. Properly designed systems would be clean, efficient and useful. Existing tritium fusion controlled energy generator attempts are not clean.

That has been emphasized through-out the thread. We've tried to share the importance of understanding the Helium-3 fusion break-through, and that China (and soon others) will be on the moon, mining Helium-3 quite possibly for an upcoming energy monopoly, and quite possibly an "energy war"..

As to China being willing to disclose products of their economic interest.

I highly doubt they will disclose anything of value.

Seeing China's recent history in taking over land (on earth) and their activity to be the world leaders, it makes no sense that they would allow any opponent access to what they would make it quite clear to be "their" newly found resources or technologies.

Be well.

[Bob]

Why the Far Side of the Moon Matters So Much

China’s successful landing is part of the moon’s long geopolitical history.

The following is from "The Atlantic (https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/01/far-side-moon-china/579349/)"


Humankind first laid eyes on the far side of the moon in 1968.

“The backside looks like a sand pile my kids have been playing in for a long time,” the astronaut Bill Anders told nasa mission control. For millennia, people had gazed up at the same view of the Earth’s companion—the same craters, cracks, and fissures. As the Apollo spacecraft floated over the unfamiliar lunar surface, Anders described the new territory, which promised to be a tough landing for anyone who tried. “It’s all beat up, no definition,” he said. “Just a lot of bumps and holes.”

Fifty years later, humankind landed in the sand pile.

China set down a spacecraft on the far side of the moon on Wednesday, Beijing time. On Thursday, the spacecraft, named Chang’e 4, after the Chinese goddess of the moon, unlocked a hatch and released a rover onto the lunar soil. The rover carries tools designed to explore the uncharted terrain, which, thanks to a lifetime of facing the cosmos, is covered in craters.

The landing, celebrated already as an achievement for humankind, is a reminder that people can accomplish some wonderfully wild things, given enough curiosity, skill, and rocket fuel. The first photos from the Chang’e 4 mission, captured inside a crater near the moon’s south pole, are chill-inducing. But the landing is also a distinctly geopolitical win for a nation that hadn’t even launched its first satellite when Bill Anders saw that sand pile 50 years ago.

Some Questions of significance:

What happens If China makes First Contact and publishes such in extreme detail?

Should Be Worried about a War in Space?


The story of space exploration, the kind carried out by national governments, began as a quest for national achievement and power.

In the 1950s, the Americans and the Russians shot rocket after rocket into the sky with patriotism, not discovery, at the forefront of their minds.

Any science that came out of it was a bonus.

After the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, Mao Zedong instructed his country’s scientists and engineers to prepare a satellite of their own, to launch in 1959, in honor of the Great Leap Forward, the leader’s ultimately failed plan for rapid industrialization. The directive from the top to scientists was simple: “Get it up, follow it around, make it seen, make it heard.”

But the country didn’t have the necessary technology for such a fast turnaround, and space-exploration efforts would be repeatedly derailed by political turmoil in the coming decades. The satellite launched at last in 1970, equipped with a single purpose: playing the first few bars of “The East Is Red,” an instrumental song glorifying China’s Cultural Revolution.

In recent years, though, China’s space efforts have jumped to warp speed. When the country launched its first astronaut in 2003, it became one of only three countries to have done so. It sent an uncrewed orbiter around the moon in 2007, and a rover in 2013. In 2011, it launched a space station that astronauts visited twice before it was decommissioned and deliberately crashed into the Pacific Ocean. A second space station launched in 2016. In 2018, China launched more rockets into orbit than any other country.

China has more bold plans for the future. The country is aiming to land a rover on Mars in early 2021 and, if successful, would become the second country after the United States to accomplish the feat. It also wants to land astronauts on the moon by 2030.


according to a recent report from the China National Space Administration (CNSA), a quinquennial document that lays out the country’s space goals for the next five years. The report, released late last month, said CNSA will launch in 2017 its first-ever cargo spacecraft, headed for the space laboratory launched last year.

In 2018, CNSA aims to land a rover to the far side of the moon, a first for humankind. And in 2020, it plans to land a rover on Mars, a feat that has been attempted by Russia and other European nations, but only successfully accomplished by the United States.

“Our overall goal is that, by around 2030, China will be among the major space powers of the world,” Wu Yanhua, the deputy chief of the National Space Administration, said recently.

While the report doesn’t mention it, Chinese space officials have said they would put astronauts on the moon by the mid-2030s.

The report demonstrates the growing capabilities of a burgeoning space program, one that’s often overlooked in a domain of other spacefaring nations, particularly the United States. China’s military-run space program began to take shape in the mid-1950s, at the start of the space race between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.

Its efforts would be repeatedly derailed by political turmoil inside the country.

Experts say the program is a decade or so behind the leading spacefaring nations, but it’s no rookie. China is only the third country to put its own astronauts into space, and, with Americans launching to space on Russian rockets, it’s currently only one of two that retains that capacity.

China’s civilian and military space programs—and their motivations—are inextricably linked.

“When you are the first country to land a probe on the far side of the moon, that says something about your science and technology, that says something about your industry,” says Dean Cheng, a senior research fellow at the Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank in Washington, D.C., and one of the few Chinese-speaking analysts in the U.S. that focus on China’s space program.

Will China be open in disclosing it's activities?

The Chinese government is notoriously secretive about both its civil and military space activities, but it has at times provided small glimpses of its work in the last decade. The Shenzhou 6 launch at the Jiuquan launch facility in 2005 was broadcast live. Foreign reporters were banned from attending the launch, and such access remains restricted.

The same goes for private citizens, who are not likely to reach Jiuquan and other launch sites, which are located in remote areas.

For outsiders, understanding the country’s pursuits requires reading between the lines. Take CNSA’s recent mention of China’s efforts to improve its satellite remote-sensing system, for example.

“That’s also called a spy satellite,” Cheng points out.

The two-side nature of space exploration: A rocket can launch a capsule to the moon—or a bomb toward an enemy. Being based in space with orbiting weapons is a dire thought to ponder.

[mojo]

China's new moon landing seems to put to rest the rumor that humans were warned off the moon. Does that sound reasonable when considering the fact that our new tech is on the dark side??

[norman]

Am I right to assume that whatever electronic activity noise is generated on the far side of the moon, is NOT detectable by common listening devices here on Earth ?

Anyone ? . . . Bob ?

[Bob]

Hia Norman I think we really need to see which relay satellites are out there, including if something like a US solar monitoring satellite can be pointed (which the electromagnetic spectrum equipment) would be able to monitor. It is highly believed NSA and DIA have monitoring satellites, and we just don't know what is out there militarily. We just don't know what military programs exist to monitor space, or lunar objects. It is a VERY good question :)

[Hughe]

https://thebulletin.org/2017/04/fusion-reactors-not-what-theyre-cracked-up-to-be/


Daniel Jassby

Daniel Jassby was a principal research physicist at the Princeton Plasma Physics Lab until 1999. For 25 years he worked in areas of plasma physics and neutron production related to fusion en...

Because 80 percent of the energy in any reactor fueled by deuterium and tritium appears in the form of neutron streams, it is inescapable that such reactors share many of the drawbacks of fission reactors—including the production of large masses of radioactive waste and serious radiation damage to reactor components. These problems are endemic to any type of fusion reactor fueled with deuterium-tritium

The Feynman Lectures on Physics is considered as a bible in physics study. (http://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/) I read it too. Richard Feynman believed in (thermonuclear) fusion energy would solve energy problem of humanity. If a theory works, development of technology based on the theory takes 10 to 20 years at most. It would not require billion dollars of investment either.

[Bob]

I think re-reading the OP post 1's details may be helpful, there is even a diagram at the bottom of the post describing the reaction and energy output..

Just asking, one does know that the substance TRITIUM is different than HELIUM-3 right?

All I can suggest is to please review these posts carefully.

http://projectavalon.net/forum4/showthread.php?105565-What-are-they-doing-on-the-moon-China-Israel-soon-the-US&p=1267450&viewfull=1#post1267450
http://projectavalon.net/forum4/showthread.php?105565-What-are-they-doing-on-the-moon-China-Israel-soon-the-US&p=1267963&viewfull=1#post1267963

This thread's focus is on deuterium-Helium-3 which doesn't generate damaging (unshieldable) neutrons. Deuterium-Helium-3 used in a special Helium-3 reactor is what is going to be done. There have been actual experiments successfully with the University of Wisconsin working with the smallest amounts of Helium-3. There is even a picture showing that Protons and regular Helium come out.

Please if you would, take a look at Paul's post above. He made it clear, Helium-3 is the key, no neutrons, just PROTONS (positively charged nuclei). Neutrons are damaging, protons are not because they can be easily directed, easily controlled and because of that, they won't damage the walls of the chamber.
http://projectavalon.net/forum4/showthread.php?105565-What-are-they-doing-on-the-moon-China-Israel-soon-the-US&p=1268173&viewfull=1#post1268173

Feynman was into OLD STYLE tritium as the fuel (the stuff in hydrogen bombs, which DO regularly FUSE very very well). It is staggering how well hydrogen-fusion bombs work..

Fusion works perfectly with TRITIUM but it is awful nasty having to ignite the reaction using a small fission device as the "spark plug"; tritium fusion results in many neutrons. Atomic hydrogen bombs use tritium; the result is nasty and awful.. Fusion is so functional, getting it to be done without neutron damage has been at the focus, and the finding of the right fuel then, Helium-3 is that right focus.

Helium 3 though is CLEAN, University of Wisconsin is pioneering this right now. The amount of research on Helium-3 is frankly staggering.

Lastly simple fusion is done ALL the time in neutron generators which are used in medical, the oil field, chemistry and so forth..

So one more time, there are plenty of fusion systems based on deuterium-tritium. MANY. Those tritium fusion systems generate copious amounts of neutrons in the operation.

This THREAD though is not about the tokamak's which are the attempt to do fusion-power using TRITIUM..

This Thread is about who's currently on the moon, exploring, and looking for Helium-3 for powering up energy generating systems that could provide for many hundreds if not thousands of years of clean electrical energy, using NON-NEUTRON generating fusion..

thanks for your understanding.


Daniel Jassby was a principal research physicist at the Princeton Plasma Physics Lab until 1999. For 25 years he worked in areas of plasma physics and neutron production related to fusion en...

Because 80 percent of the energy in any reactor fueled by deuterium and tritium appears in the form of neutron streams,

From your post above, you mention deuterium and tritium.. Please note the differences.

[Bob]

Well, there is the lander, according to China, in a very nice high resolution picture taken by the Rover.


https://c-4tvylwolbz88x24jula0x2ejizpzahapjx2ejvt.g00.cnet.com/g00/3_c-4ddd.jula.jvt_/c-4TVYLWOLBZ88x24oaawzx3ax2fx2fjula0.jizpzahapj.jvtx2fptnx2ff8Ome2d1Bx78SRALyqJ8lt0hsCf5vx3dx2f9786x2f 78x2f88x2f0jk53i52-458k-1i91-ii74-ilih035426l5x2fjohunl1sbuhyshukly.qwnx3fp87j.thyrx3dpthnl_$/$/$/$/$/$/$/$

One can get a few of the surroundings too.. The rover's exiting tracks can be seen going off to the right of the picture.

That's quite a pretty looking machine !

[Bob]

And here is a picture of the Rover, that they playfully call Jade Rabbit 2


https://c-4tvylwolbz88x24jula1x2ejizpzahapjx2ejvt.g00.cnet.com/g00/3_c-4ddd.jula.jvt_/c-4TVYLWOLBZ88x24oaawzx3ax2fx2fjula1.jizpzahapj.jvtx2fptnx2fIS5F8Y9x78C6H9E51V0kcJSNRpB4Hx3dx2f9786x2f 78x2f88x2fh577l877-1ml8-193k-h393-6k88l45lk5khx2fqhklyhiipa0.qwnx3fp87j.thyrx3dpthnl_$/$/$/$/$/$/$/$

[Sunny-side-up]

China's new moon landing seems to put to rest the rumor that humans were warned off the moon. Does that sound reasonable when considering the fact that our new tech is on the dark side??

That might just actually mean Humans in the flesh 0.o

Which hasn't happened again.

[Bob]

Another image from the Chinese Lander vehicle, showing interesting antennas and the lunarscape in the backgroud


https://thumbor.forbes.com/thumbor/960x0/https%3A%2F%2Fblogs-images.forbes.com%2Frobinandrews%2Ffiles%2F2019%2F01%2FScreenshot-2019-01-12-at-22.03.22-1200x682.jpg

The landing area (Von Kármán crater) is within a larger feature called the South Pole-Aitken basin.

This area at the moon's south pole is considered a basin as the area is depressed somewhat.

The full extent of the depression is estimated to be about 1500 miles across.

The depression is believed to have been formed by an extinction-grade "event" which either hit dead-on into the south pole region, something about 105 miles in diameter at a speed of about 10 kilometers per second. Another belief is that a larger object hit at a 45 degree angle coming in at a speed of around 15 kilometers per second - that object scientists believe was around 125 miles in diameter..

Furthermore it is potentially possible, scientists hypothesize, that this object actually hit near the equator, and was so strong an impact that it was able to cause the moon to flip, moving the impact zone to the south pole region.. This basin they say is the oldest large impact.

[eagle0027]

China's new moon landing seems to put to rest the rumor that humans were warned off the moon. Does that sound reasonable when considering the fact that our new tech is on the dark side??

Mojo.....seems to me that as of a year or so ago there has been a change of the control over planet earth.
The start at least of kicking out the deep state and the fact that Trump is even still alive at this point tells me this.And yea the return to the moon.Space force activity along with allies???

[ThePythonicCow]

Here's another researcher who has long been confident that nuclear fusion is potentially a more practical technology than "they" have been letting us know: Joseph P. Farrell.

Dr. Farrell summarizes his historical research into this, with an update involving the use of radio waves to "smooth" out the reactions in this new article: NEED STABLE FUSION REACTIONS? BOMBARD THE PLASMA WITH RADIO WAVES (https://gizadeathstar.com/2019/01/need-stable-fusion-reactions-bombard-the-plasma-with-radio-waves/).

[XelNaga]

We will probably find someone is already using the Moon He-3.
It's what "they" power the Moon with to keep it in place O.0

;)

Thanks for that bro, you made me laugh :ROFL:

[Did You See Them]

They have got other plans too !

China is aiming to send a spacecraft to Mars next year, following its successful mission to the far side of the moon.
Lunar rover Jade Rabbit 2 and explorer Chang'e 4 landed on the moon in recent days and have now taken pictures of each other for scientists to study.
Officials at the Chinese space agency say they now plan to send a probe to Mars in 2020 and aim to follow that up with manned missions to the planet.
Chang'e 4 and its three predecessors were named after a Chinese goddess, who legend says has lived on the moon for thousands of years.https://news.sky.com/story/china-aims-for-2020-mars-mission-after-lunar-success-11607370

[Bob]

Here's another researcher who has long been confident that nuclear fusion is potentially a more practical technology than "they" have been letting us know: Joseph P. Farrell.

Dr. Farrell summarizes his historical research into this, with an update involving the use of radio waves to "smooth" out the reactions in this new article: NEED STABLE FUSION REACTIONS? BOMBARD THE PLASMA WITH RADIO WAVES (https://gizadeathstar.com/2019/01/need-stable-fusion-reactions-bombard-the-plasma-with-radio-waves/).

From Farell's page:


Then came Philo Farnsworth's press conference in the mid-1960s, in which he reported he had sustained fusion reactions in a device no larger than a softball, using virtual anodes and cathodes as a means of containing, and stabilizing, his reactions.

After his announcement, Farnsworth was shuffled quietly off the stage, and ITT said no more about his devices (which Farnsworth called a Fusor and a Plamator).

Then, a few years ago, Lockheed-Martin claimed to have built a fusion reactor which could fit on the back of a truck, and released a picture of a device that looked suspiciously like Farnsworth's Fusor and Plasmator patents. Go figure.

see my post 27:


(this was done in 1966)
On the field containment, electrostatic fields would be easier and better for acceleration (energy increase) than magnetic fields which would be more for containment I believe Paul.

A moving charge will induce a magnetic field so having multiple magnetic fields could complicate geometry.

[..] We will use an RF field to raise the overall energy to evoke a plasma state tho..

An RF source excites the non-polar helium which is then directed into a "linear accelerator". In my early fusion system, I used a 100 watt RF transmitter driving a "plasma tube" which was filled with mixed gases, of which normal helium and co2 were components with deuterium, there were other "trace gases" present to increase plasma formation.

The use of the magnetics were for what I called "pinch mirrors" for the cavity.

Along the plasma tube were conductive rings (cylinders) which had increasing values of voltage (this is where the linear accelerator concept happens, about 100KV is the operating voltage in my model).

The inner (plasma) containment system was operated under low pressure, the outer system which isolated the rings was under high pressure sulfur hexafluoride gas. (that concept is understood in high voltage switch-gear insulation of high voltage to prevent breakdown). I was contemplating a liquid system for HV isolation at the time too instead of gas so that extra-cooling available could be used to extract the intense heat generated.

I had experimented with what I called "dimensional resonance" which worked with evoking the correct standing wave pattern in the accelerator, and exploring which patterns evokes a very high level of fusion.


https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRkkn-A14VRQ3ttvRbkh3-WIN_i4sliQLEpkczb29qS-5QhNEGRlg

That's about it. Substituting helium-3 would be the next step in the experimentation. The modulation to evoke resonance reduces the "brute force" electron volt equivalent to induce fusion.

One could think about it as evoking "cold fusion" by knowing what resonances are needed to overcome inherent "resistance"..

In fusion, think about it this way, they used the multiple laser beams to try to achieve a high brute force temperature on the target gases...their high energy level only is needed when one is trying to drive a "truck" through a brick wall (analogy for concept).. Trying it slowly to go thru the wall (achieve fusion) and the brick wall stays put (no fusion). (in physics that brick wall is analogous to something called the "coulomb barrier"). Accelerate the truck (raise the energy) and the virtual mass equivalent goes way up, allowing penetration.. (that is conventional brute force physics mindsets)..

But if one knew how to vibrate the truck just right (i called it multi-dimensional resonance), the slightest amount of energy allows the truck to penetrate the wall..

Cold fusion concepts applied to a hot plasma to reduce overall energy needed... It overcomes the coulomb barrier, and that is my breakthrough.

Keys being RF for plasma, plus a modulated DC linear accelerator and then some magnetics used as reflective barriers or mirrors..

Nothing like the magnetics needed in a tokamak..

[ThePythonicCow]

I moved four posts to a new thread: Did China really land on the backside of the moon? (http://projectavalon.net/forum4/showthread.php?105765-Did-China-really-land-on-the-backside-of-the-moon). They were discussing a different topic than this thread is discussing.

[Bob]

http://chanlo.com/images/china-moon-1.jpg

The Chang'e 4 lunar lander shown in high definition on the moon's far side. Image provided by the lander's Jade Rabbit 2 rover.

The spectrometer mounted on the rover has detected a dominance of olivine and pyroxene.

Was Earth's moon derived from a breakoff from earth during a cataclysmic event in ancient history? The upper mantle of Earth is composed mainly of olivine and pyroxene.

Pyroxene and feldspar are the major minerals in basalt, a very light rock that shows up during volcanic activity.

Olivines are usually green in color and have compositions that typically range between Mg2SiO4 and Fe2SiO4 (magnesium silicate(s) and iron silicates).

Pyroxenes are common in meteorites and in extrusive igneous rocks, especially basalt. Pyroxenes are the most significant and abundant group of rock-forming ferromagnesium silicates. They are found in almost every variety of igneous rock.

Pyroxene and olivine are typically seen in the lunar mantle.

The lunar formation hypothesis: The giant-impact hypothesis, sometimes called the Big Splash, or the Theia Impact suggests that the Moon formed out of the debris left over from a collision between Earth and an astronomical body the size of Mars, approximately 4.5 billion years ago, in the Hadean eon.

[norman]

How did that lander plonk itself down on it's feet there without disturbing any other part of the lunar surface ?

[Bob]

How did that lander plonk itself down on it's feet there without disturbing any other part of the lunar surface ?

If u look at the landing pods there is disturbance, apparently the dust there wasn't that thick, but u can see the mess.. If you look at the NASA from the LRO image of the Israel crash site, you can see the streak for the crash wasn't that horrendous too. Apparently that area has a thinner layer of "dust". (But who knows for sure what we are getting. I am still very suspicious of the JPL data btw.)

Here the little Rover's tracks can be seen, again, they hardly show any dust depth:

https://c-4tvylwolbz88x24jula1x2ejizpzahapjx2ejvt.g00.cnet.com/g00/3_c-4ddd.jula.jvt_/c-4TVYLWOLBZ88x24oaawzx3ax2fx2fjula1.jizpzahapj.jvtx2fptnx2fIS5F8Y9x78C6H9E51V0kcJSNRpB4Hx3dx2f9786x2f 78x2f88x2fh577l877-1ml8-193k-h393-6k88l45lk5khx2fqhklyhiipa0.qwnx3fp87j.thyrx3dpthnl_$/$/$/$/$/$/$/$

I would assume the landing thrusters blew away a lot of the dust below them, the pods were the only thing that appeared to kick up anything that left a trace - consistent with the little Rover's tracks as far as depth goes.. The depth of track looks very similar to the amount of depth we get here in Colorado from aggressive tires in the soil we have here.

[Praxis]

Did anyone else notice the Triangle in the top right corner? Interesting that they are using the Same iconography as our secret Space program

[Bob]

Did anyone else notice the Triangle in the top right corner? Interesting that they are using the Same iconography as our secret Space program

From top right corner image:

http://chanlo.com/images/china-logo-1.jpg

Searching on Chinese Space Program Logo, comparison with Sci-Fy "Star-Trek"design:

https://blogimg.ngfiles.com/252000/252256/097478557_n577019890_925580_3109.jpg

China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp., is China's major aerospace contractor - they use this logo:

http://image.en.yibada.com/data/thumbs/full/14948/685/0/0/0/casc-jpg.jpg

The right half of the image, upper right is this:

https://www.cosmos.esa.int/documents/1611606/0/lesec_logo_138w.jpeg/b2fa58ef-9b81-3faf-27a1-9ade37686c5a?t=1518442895333

It is from the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program directorate - (CLEP; Chinese: 中国探月; pinyin: Zhōngguó Tànyuè), also known as the Chang'e Project (Chinese: 嫦娥工程; pinyin: Cháng'é Gōngchéng) after the Chinese moon goddess Chang'e, is an ongoing series of robotic Moon missions by the China National Space Administration (CNSA).

The logos mark images received from China as to the two agencies responsible for the data.

[Praxis]

40622406204061940618

Just a preview of something I will post called Triangles Everywhere



Did anyone else notice the Triangle in the top right corner? Interesting that they are using the Same iconography as our secret Space program

From top right corner image:

http://chanlo.com/images/china-logo-1.jpg

Searching on Chinese Space Program Logo, comparison with Sci-Fy "Star-Trek"design:

https://blogimg.ngfiles.com/252000/252256/097478557_n577019890_925580_3109.jpg

China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp., is China's major aerospace contractor - they use this logo:

http://image.en.yibada.com/data/thumbs/full/14948/685/0/0/0/casc-jpg.jpg

The right half of the image, upper right is this:

https://www.cosmos.esa.int/documents/1611606/0/lesec_logo_138w.jpeg/b2fa58ef-9b81-3faf-27a1-9ade37686c5a?t=1518442895333

It is from the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program directorate - (CLEP; Chinese: 中国探月; pinyin: Zhōngguó Tànyuè), also known as the Chang'e Project (Chinese: 嫦娥工程; pinyin: Cháng'é Gōngchéng) after the Chinese moon goddess Chang'e, is an ongoing series of robotic Moon missions by the China National Space Administration (CNSA).

The logos mark images received from China as to the two agencies responsible for the data.

[Daozen]

IMO we have never been to the moon and would not be allowed there. The private space industry (which they will try and make publicly funded) is just an excuse to endlessly fleece the public now the War on Terra has lost it's lustre. Space X's experiences should be enough to prove to anyone that we are not allowed up there.

The alt media are focusing on the moon to get a type of energetic consent, to distract people from the mysteries on Earth, and to keep truth seekers passive.

We are not allowed off this rock, and we could well be living in a simulacrum. ISS "interior" footage is provably fake.

*Footsteps* I've triggered an alarm. The guards are coming. Got to go.

[onawah]

Moon Base Destroyed : Is Wikileaks Moon Report FACT or SCIENCE FICTION ?
Joe from the Carolinas- Beyond Theory
Published on May 24, 2019

"US Moon Base Destroyed 1979 - is that it a FACT or SCIENCE FICTION ?? Wikileaks moon cable confirmed or DISSECTED ! Did you see the Report That UR Destroyed Secret Moon Base? Bringing you original research looking into the topic of the space force, I produce the department of state cable and begin sharing results of my FOIA request. I loop in US Army's Project Horizon quite fairly. Joe from the Carolinas investigates with Beyond Theory. "

Source- https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/P7...


jiifRCWACm4

[happyuk]

I'd like to seek some opinions on the following burning question I've had for some time if I may. My question is just how withering are the conditions on the moon? Do temperatures really range from plus or minus 200 degrees? It's always bothered me that the equipment and technology we were never really up to the task of placing personnel on the moon AND safely back to earth again. I am happy to be corrected and enlightened on this.

[Star Tsar]

40622406204061940618

Just a preview of something I will post called Triangles Everywhere



Did anyone else notice the Triangle in the top right corner? Interesting that they are using the Same iconography as our secret Space program

From top right corner image:

http://chanlo.com/images/china-logo-1.jpg

Searching on Chinese Space Program Logo, comparison with Sci-Fy "Star-Trek"design:

https://blogimg.ngfiles.com/252000/252256/097478557_n577019890_925580_3109.jpg

China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp., is China's major aerospace contractor - they use this logo:

http://image.en.yibada.com/data/thumbs/full/14948/685/0/0/0/casc-jpg.jpg

The right half of the image, upper right is this:

https://www.cosmos.esa.int/documents/1611606/0/lesec_logo_138w.jpeg/b2fa58ef-9b81-3faf-27a1-9ade37686c5a?t=1518442895333

It is from the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program directorate - (CLEP; Chinese: 中国探月; pinyin: Zhōngguó Tànyuè), also known as the Chang'e Project (Chinese: 嫦娥工程; pinyin: Cháng'é Gōngchéng) after the Chinese moon goddess Chang'e, is an ongoing series of robotic Moon missions by the China National Space Administration (CNSA).

The logos mark images received from China as to the two agencies responsible for the data.

Please don't think of them as triangles but as Vectors or Chevrons or Deltas...

379sQbvUg5k

I_VsLF2fGpU

[Cara]

A rather strange article on Wired.


A Crashed Israeli Lunar Lander Spilled Tardigrades on the Moon

Tardigrades, also known as water bears, are microscopic animals that can survive for years without food or water. And now they're on the moon!

It was just before midnight on April 11 and everyone at the Israel Aerospace Industries mission control center in Yehud, Israel, had their eyes fixed on two large projector screens. On the left screen was a stream of data being sent back to Earth by Beresheet, its lunar lander, which was about to become the first private spacecraft to land on the moon (https://www.wired.com/story/watch-as-spacex-launches-the-first-private-lunar-lander/). The right screen featured a crude animation of Beresheet firing its engines as it prepared for a soft landing in the Sea of Serenity. But only seconds before the scheduled landing, the numbers on the left screen stopped. Mission control had lost contact with the spacecraft, and it crashed into the moon shortly thereafter.

Half a world away, Nova Spivack watched a livestream of Beresheet’s mission control from a conference room in Los Angeles. As the founder of the Arch Mission Foundation, a nonprofit whose goal is to create “a backup of planet Earth,” Spivack had a lot at stake in the Beresheet mission. The spacecraft was carrying the foundation’s first lunar library, a DVD-sized archive containing 30 million pages of information, human DNA samples, and thousands of tardigrades, those microscopic “water bears” that can survive pretty much any environment—including space (https://www.wired.com/2012/04/tardigrade-eggs-space/).

But when the Israelis confirmed Beresheet had been destroyed, Spivack was faced with a distressing question: Did he just smear the toughest animal in the known universe across the surface of the moon?

In the weeks following the Beresheet crash, Spivack pulled together the Arch Mission Foundation’s advisers in an attempt to determine whether the lunar library had survived the crash. Based on their analysis of the spacecraft’s trajectory and the composition of the lunar library, Spivack says he is quite confident that the library—a roughly DVD-sized object made of thin sheets of nickel—survived the crash mostly or entirely intact. In fact, the decision to include DNA samples and tardigrades in the lunar library may have been key to its survival.

“For the first 24 hours we were just in shock,” Spivack says. “We sort of expected that it would be successful. We knew there were risks but we didn’t think the risks were that significant.”

Spivack is no stranger to the hazards of space exploration. In the late 1990s, the serial entrepreneur used money from his web company’s initial public offering to hitch a ride to the edge of space with the Russian Air Force and to become an angel investor in the Zero Gravity Corporation, which commercialized parabolic flights in the US. But when Spivack founded the Arch Mission Foundation in 2015, he wanted to do something different. The plan was to create archives of all human knowledge that could last for millions, if not billions, of years, and to seed them across Earth and throughout the solar system.

The Arch Mission Foundation sent its first archive to space in 2018 in the glove compartment of Elon Musk’s Tesla, which is now in a 30-million-year orbit around the sun (https://www.wired.com/story/spacex-successfully-launches-the-falcon-heavyand-elon-musks-roadster/). That archive contains Isaac Asimov’s Foundation trilogy, which is inscribed in a quartz disc using an experimental 5D optical technology developed by physicists at the University of Southampton. But that storage medium has limitations. Digital technologies and encoding standards are great for compressing lots of information into a small amount of space, but they are also short-lived—how many people do you know who could play a VHS tape today? If you want to create a library for humans thousands or millions of years in the future, your best bet is to keep it analog.

But analog storage takes up a lot of room. So sending the bulk of human knowledge to space will require a lot of compression. To do this, Spivack tapped Bruce Ha, a scientist who developed a technique for engraving high-resolution, nano-scale images into nickel. Ha uses lasers to etch an image into glass and then deposits nickel, atom by atom, in a layer on top. The images in the resulting nickel film look holographic and can be viewed using a microscope capable of 1000x magnification—a technology that has been available for hundreds of years.

The lunar library on the Beresheet lander consisted of 25 layers of nickel, each only a few microns thick. The first four layers contain roughly 30,000 high-resolution images of book pages, which include language primers, textbooks, and keys to decoding the other 21 layers. Those layers hold nearly all of the English Wikipedia, thousands of classic books, and even the secrets to David Copperfield’s magic tricks.

Spivack had planned to send DNA samples to the moon in future versions of the lunar library, not on this mission. But a few weeks before Spivack had to deliver the lunar library to the Israelis, however, he decided to include some DNA in the payload anyway. Ha and an engineer on Spivack’s team added a thin layer of epoxy resin between each layer of nickel, a synthetic equivalent of the fossilized tree resin that preserves ancient insects. Into the resin they tucked hair follicles and blood samples from Spivack and 24 others that he says represent a diverse genetic cross-section of human ancestry, in addition to some dehydrated tardigrades and samples from major holy sites, like the Bodhi tree in India. A few thousand extra dehydrated tardigrades were sprinkled onto the tape used to secure the lunar library to the Beresheet lander.

The promising thing about the tardigrades, says Spivack, is that they could hypothetically be revived in the future. Tardigrades are known to enter dormant states in which all metabolic processes stop and the water in their cells is replaced by a protein that effectively turns the cells into glass. Scientists have revived tardigrades that have spent up to 10 years in this dehydrated state, although in some cases they may be able to survive much longer without water. Although the lunar library is designed to last for millions of years, scientists are just beginning to understand how tardigrades manage to survive in so many unforgiving environments. It’s conceivable that as we learn more about tardigrades, we’ll discover ways to rehydrate them after much longer periods of dormancy.

Spivack says that adding the DNA-filled resin to the lunar library at the last minute was a major risk, because any mistakes in how it was incorporated could have ruined the nickel engravings. In retrospect, however, it may have been what saved the library from destruction. The resin layers added a significant amount of strength to the lunar library, which made it less likely to break apart upon impact. Moreover, Spivack says that the heat generated by the impact wasn’t high enough to melt the nickel layers, which were themselves encased in several protective layers to block radiation. “Ironically, our payload may be the only surviving thing from that mission,” Spivack says.

In the best-case scenario, Beresheet ejected the Arch Mission Foundation’s lunar library during impact and it lies in one piece somewhere near the crash site. But Spivack says that even if the library broke into pieces, their analysis shows that these fragments would be large enough to retrieve most of the analog information in the first four layers. As for whether any of the DNA or tardigrades are still intact, that’s anyone’s guess, but Spivack says there’s no reason to worry about water bears taking over the moon. Any lunar tardigrades found by future humans will have to be brought back to Earth or somewhere with an atmosphere in order to rehydrate them. Whether this will be enough to bring them back to life, however, remains to be seen.

Fortunately for Spivack and the Arch Mission Foundation, spewing DNA and water bears across the moon is totally legal. NASA’s Office of Planetary Protection classifies missions based on the likelihood that their targets are of interest to our understanding of life. As such, missions destined for places like Mars are subject to more stringent sterilization processes than missions to the Moon, which has few of the necessary conditions for life and isn’t at risk of contamination. In fact, Spivack isn’t even the first to leave DNA on the moon. This honor belongs to the Apollo astronauts, who left nearly 100 bags of human feces on the lunar surface before they returned to Earth.

This is good news for Spivack, who wants to incorporate more DNA into future libraries on the moon and beyond. This fall, Spivack says the Arch Mission Foundation will be launching a crowdfunding campaign that will solicit DNA samples from volunteers to include on the next moon mission, as well as DNA from endangered species. In addition, Spivack also plans to send vast troves of information coded in synthetic DNA. The advantage of DNA storage is that it’s easy to make thousands of copies to ensure redundancy, and you can fit terabytes of data in a small vial of liquid. Indeed, the Arch Mission Foundation has already figured out how to encode the English Wikipedia in synthetic DNA, which will hitch a ride to the lunar surface with Astrobotic (https://www.wired.com/2011/02/lunar-x-prize-team-hitches-a-ride-from-spacex/), a company that was formed to work on the Google Lunar X Prize, in 2021.

“Our job, as the hard backup of this planet, is to make sure that we protect our heritage—both our knowledge and our biology,” says Spivack. “We have to sort of plan for the worst.”

Creating a backup of the entire planet is the sort of high-minded idealism associated with the titans of Silicon Valley, but Spivack is well on his way to turning it into a reality. And as the world grapples with the fallout from climate change (https://www.wired.com/story/jakarta-giant-sea-wall/?itm_campaign=TechinTwo), the prospect of nuclear war (https://www.wired.com/story/doomsday-clock-nuclear-war/), and even killer asteroids (https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2019/07/26/it-snuck-up-us-city-killer-asteroid-just-missed-earth-scientists-almost-didnt-detect-it-time/), creating a backup of human civilization doesn’t sound like such a bad idea after all.
From: https://www.wired.com/story/a-crashed-israeli-lunar-lander-spilled-tardigrades-on-the-moon/

[Star Tsar]

News of China via Russia!


Paul Stonehill Paranormal Research

China Is Preparing To Battle “Aliens”: Ocean Depths & Outer Space

Published 13th September 2019

Do not underestimate China. The country is leaving its technological footprint everywhere.
And the People’s Republic of China is expanding into the outer space and the bottom of the oceans…How and why?

utGNma00Nho

[Ratszinger]

If my guess is correct they are building shelters on the side of the moon facing earth. This in preparation for when the sun fries the side of earth facing the sun or if a big volcano goes off like Yellowstone they will be safely away from the fumes, ash clouds, roof and building collapses and fatalities (hopefully) and mostly they will be avoiding all that nasty acid rain to come after that horribly kills off and burns remaining survivors. Those studying these things with means gets scared, they invest in moon homes to protect them. It's been rumored for some time that astronauts discovered this very thing occurred in the past and humans camped there once before for much the same reasons.