The Power Of The James Webb Telescope in Space To Be Launched in 2021

[ExomatrixTV]

The Power Of The James Webb Telescope in Space To Be Launched in 2021:

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Primary Mirror Size Comparison Between Webb and Hubble:

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https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/images/JWST-HST-primary-mirrors.jpg


James Webb Space Telescope: Wiki (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope)

Participating countries

Austria (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria)
Belgium (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium)
Canada (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada)
Czech Republic (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic)
Denmark (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark)
Finland (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland)
France (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France)
Germany (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany)
Greece (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece)
Ireland (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland)
Italy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy)
Luxembourg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg)
Netherlands (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands)
Norway (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway)
Portugal (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal)
Spain (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain)
Sweden (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden)
Switzerland (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland)
United Kingdom (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom)
United States (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States)

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/JWSTDeployment.jpg/800px-JWSTDeployment.jpg


Twitter (https://twitter.com/NASAWebb)

James Webb Space Telescope to launch in October 31, 2021

The launch of the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope (Webb) on an Ariane 5 Rocket (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariane_5) from Europe's Spaceport in French Guiana is now planned for 31 October 2021.

NASA has announced the decision, based on a recently completed schedule risk assessment of the remaining integration and test activities before launch, accounting for impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic and technical challenges. Previously, Webb was targeted to launch in March 2021.

https://cdn.sci.esa.int/documents/34594/35357/Webb2021_295.jpg (https://sci.esa.int/j/1874448)

Webb's primary mirror. Credit: NASA/Chris Gunn Testing of the observatory continues to go well at Northrop Grumman, the mission's main industry partner in Redondo Beach, California, despite the challenges of the coronavirus situation. The factors for the new launch date include the impacts of augmented safety precautions, reduced on-site personnel, shift work disruption and technical challenges. This year, a final set of complex environmental tests of the full observatory will be completed followed by a final deployment of the telescope and sunshield.

"Webb is an unprecedented endeavour in space science, requiring utmost ingenuity in both the scientific and technical domains, in a very strong international partnership," said Prof. Günther Hasinger, ESA Director of Science. "The breakthrough science enabled by Webb will revolutionise our understanding of the Universe."

The observatory will detect light from the first generation of stars and galaxies that formed in the early Universe and will study the atmospheres of habitable exoplanets.
As part of the collaboration with NASA, Europe is contributing to the Webb observatory with two critical scientific instruments – the NIRSpec spectrograph and the MIRI mid-infrared instrument – and the launch service using the Ariane 5 launch vehicle. In addition, there is a contingent of ESA scientists and engineers supporting the observatory development and science operations.

Next year, Webb will be will folded in its launch configuration for shipment to the launch site and fitted inside the Ariane 5 launcher fairing (about 5 m wide). On its journey into space, Webb will be the first mission to complete an intricate and technically challenging series of deployments – a critical part of Webb's journey to its orbit about one and a half million kilometres from Earth. Webb will unfold its delicate five-layered sunshield until it reaches the size of a tennis court. It will then deploy its 6.5 m primary mirror that will detect the faint light of distant stars and galaxies.
Webb will be next great space science observatory, and will build on the success of another international endeavour, the Hubble Space Telescope, to solve the mysteries of our Solar System, to explore distant worlds around other stars and to uncover the origins of our Universe.

The James Webb Space Telescope is an international project led by NASA with its partners, ESA and the Canadian Space Agency.


source (https://sci.esa.int/web/jwst/-/james-webb-space-telescope-to-launch-in-october-2021)

[ExomatrixTV]

NASA’s Webb Sunshield Successfully Unfolds and Tensions in Final Tests

Lengthened to the size of a tennis court, the five-layer sunshield of NASA’s fully assembled James Webb Space Telescope successfully completed a final series of large-scale deployment and tensioning tests. This milestone puts the observatory one step closer to its launch in 2021.

“This is one of Webb’s biggest accomplishments in 2020,” said Alphonso Stewart, Webb deployment systems lead for NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. “We were able to precisely synchronize the unfolding motion in a very slow and controlled fashion and maintain its critical kite-like shape, signifying it is ready to perform these actions in space.”

https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/styles/full_width/public/thumbnails/image/finalsunshielddeploy6gunn.jpg?itok=DbgCrHFy (https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/finalsunshielddeploy6gunn.jpg)

To help ensure success, technicians carefully inspect the James Webb Space Telescope’s sunshield before deployment testing begins, while it is occurring, and perform a full post-test analysis to ensure the observatory is operating as planned.
Credits: NASA/Chris Gunn

The sunshield protects the telescope and reflects light and background heat from the Sun, Earth and Moon into space. The observatory must be kept cold to accomplish groundbreaking science in infrared light, which is invisible to human eyes and felt as heat.

In the sunshield’s shadow, Webb’s innovative technologies and sensitive infrared sensors will allow scientists to observe distant galaxies and study many other intriguing objects in the universe.

Maintaining the sunshield’s shape involves a delicate, complicated process.

“Congratulations to the entire team. Due to Webb’s large size and stringent performance requirements, the deployments are incredibly complex. In addition to the required technical expertise, this set of tests required detailed planning, determination, patience and open communication. The team proved that it has all these attributes. It’s amazing to think that next time Webb’s sunshield is deployed it will be many thousands of miles away, hurtling through space,” said James Cooper, Webb’s sunshield manager at Goddard.

The Kapton® polymer-coated membranes of Webb’s sunshield were fully deployed and tensioned in December at Northrop Grumman in Redondo Beach, California. Northrop Grumman designed the observatory’s sunshield for NASA.

During testing, engineers sent a series of commands to spacecraft hardware that activated 139 actuators, eight motors, and thousands of other components to unfold and stretch the five membranes of the sunshield into its final taut shape. A challenging part of the test is to unfold the sunshield in Earth’s gravity environment, which causes friction, unlike unfolding material in space without the effects of gravity.

https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/styles/side_image/public/thumbnails/image/finalsunshielddeploy7gunn.jpg?itok=z6OojCcP (https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/finalsunshielddeploy7gunn.jpg)

Shown fully deployed with all five of its layers tensioned, this is the last time the James Webb Space Telescope’s sunshield will be completely unfurled on Earth.
Credits: NASA/Chris Gunn

For launch the sunshield will be folded up around two sides of the observatory and placed in an Ariane 5 Launch Vehicle (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariane_5), which is provided by the European Space Agency.

In this test, two pallet structures that hold the sunshield upright folded down, then two huge “arms” (known as the Mid-Boom Assembly) of the sunshield slowly telescoped outward, pulling the folded membranes along with them to resemble the synchronized movements of a very slowly choreographed dance. Once the arms locked in their horizontal position, the membranes of the sunshield were successfully tensioned individually starting with the bottom layer, separating each into their fully deployed shape.

The large sunshield divides the observatory into a warm, Sun-facing side (about 185 degrees Fahrenheit) and a cold-space-facing side (minus 388 degrees Fahrenheit) comprised of the optics and scientific instruments. The sunshield will protect the observatory’s optics and sensors, so they remain at extremely cold temperatures to conduct science.

“This milestone signals that Webb is well on its way to being ready for launch. Our engineers and technicians achieved incredible testing progress this month, reducing significant risk to the project by completing these milestones for launch next year,” said Bill Ochs, project manager for Webb at Goddard. “The team is now preparing for final post-environmental deployment testing on the observatory these next couple of months prior to shipping to the launch site next summer.”

Webb has passed other rigorous deployment tests during its development, which successfully uncovered and resolved technical issues with the spacecraft. These tests validate that once in orbit, the observatory and its many redundant systems will function flawlessly.

The James Webb Space Telescope will be the world's premier space science observatory when it launches in 2021. Webb will solve mysteries in our solar system, look beyond to distant worlds around other stars, and probe the mysterious structures and origins of our universe and our place in it. Webb is an international program led by NASA with its partners, ESA (European Space Agency) and the Canadian Space Agency.

Banner Image: The James Webb Space Telescope’s final tests are underway with the successful completion of its last sunshield deployment test, which occurred at Northrop Grumman in Redondo Beach, California.
Credits: NASA/Chris Gunn

Last Updated: Dec. 21, 2020


source (https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2020/webb-sunshield-successfully-unfolds-and-tensions-in-final-tests/)

[ExomatrixTV]

I predict 100 fold more ExoPlanets (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_exoplanets) detected via James Webb Space Telescope (https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/) within 12 months ... and not only that ... they have much more details about those ExoPlanets (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exoplanet)!... and some of them have anomalies (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_astronomy) that will start a worldwide debate demanding much more openness dealing with Alien UFO Disclosure.

cheers,
John

[Merkaba360]

Cool stuff. Been waiting for this a long time, since they postponed for many years.

Shouldn't it be much easier to launch already existing satellites into moon and mars orbits. Then we can have "Google Moon" and see every damn detail of whats really on the surface.

[TommyJ]

This is really good news. And a wonderful example of cooperation of as many as 17 (!) Countries. This makes me think positively about people. It means that all is not lost and the exploration of the unknown is still important.
It seems to me that this telescope can be called the successor of Hubble and Arecibo together. Great job.

[Star Tsar]

At a cost of 10 Billion how will it be used?


Dr. Ryan Ridden

How Astronomers Apply To Use The $10 Billion James Webb Space Telescope

Published 30th November 2020

Astronomers across the world have submitted their applications to get time on the 10 billion dollar James Webb Space Telescope scheduled to launch next year. What do they actually need to do to have a chance at using the greatest space telescope humanity has ever built?

Z3GvTSpWqIM

[ExomatrixTV]

⚠️ I sincerely & deeply hope "James Webb Telescope" will be used to study "Sirius A (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius)" & "Sirius B (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sirius_Mystery)" and The Pleiades detecting if there any Exoplanets (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_exoplanets) near it!

Would be cool if they can confirm there IS a "water planet" covered totally with water near Sirius B

... and what about the 2 Dyson Spheres (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyson_sphere)?


Scientists Can’t Explain What Huge Object (https://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-can-t-explain-the-bizarre-mass-of-objects-orbiting-a-distant-star) Is Blocking The Light From This Distant Star
Researchers Just Found a Second 'Dyson Sphere (https://www.sciencealert.com/researchers-just-found-a-second-dyson-sphere-star)' Star

[Karen (Geophyz)]

This is really good news. And a wonderful example of cooperation of as many as 17 (!) Countries. This makes me think positively about people. It means that all is not lost and the exploration of the unknown is still important.
It seems to me that this telescope can be called the successor of Hubble and Arecibo together. Great job.

I don't mean to be a pessimist but we should wait to see if it makes it to space before we get too excited. I am not sure we will be allowed to learn what it will show us.

[TommyJ]

Psychologists say that pessimists are happier than optimists) Because they expect less from the world around them, which means they are less likely to be disappointed.
I think, if this launch will be successful, they will provide reports on the information collected. At least to avoid any questions about the advisability of launching such a complex and expensive technology.
It is possible, of course, that you are right and we will not get all the conclusions from these studies. But in any case, it is still necessary to wait until the first conclusions)

[ExomatrixTV]

Psychologists say that pessimists are happier than optimists) Because they expect less from the world around them, which means they are less likely to be disappointed.
I think, if this launch will be successful, they will provide reports on the information collected. At least to avoid any questions about the advisability of launching such a complex and expensive technology.
It is possible, of course, that you are right and we will not get all the conclusions from these studies. But in any case, it is still necessary to wait until the first conclusions)


What is the difference between a False Pessimist vs (assumed) "False" Optimist? (assumed "false" by the Pessimist).



I wrote an article about that premise 2 decades ago ;)

cheers,
John

[Karen (Geophyz)]

Psychologists say that pessimists are happier than optimists) Because they expect less from the world around them, which means they are less likely to be disappointed.
I think, if this launch will be successful, they will provide reports on the information collected. At least to avoid any questions about the advisability of launching such a complex and expensive technology.
It is possible, of course, that you are right and we will not get all the conclusions from these studies. But in any case, it is still necessary to wait until the first conclusions)

I try to always be an optimist. My father told me many times I am just setting myself up for disappointment because people are inherently evil but I try to remain the optimist....and I live far away from people.

[ExomatrixTV]

The Milky Way May Be Swarming With Planets That Have Continents and Oceans Like Earth

By University of Copenhagen February 23, 2021

https://scitechdaily.com/images/Milky-Way-Earth-Like-Planets-777x437.jpg (https://scitechdaily.com/images/Milky-Way-Earth-Like-Planets.jpg)

“All planets in the Milky Way may be formed by the same building blocks, meaning that planets with the same amount of water and carbon as Earth,” says Professor Anders Johansen. Credit: NASA, ESA and G. Bacon (STScI)

According to a new study from the University of Copenhagen, Earth, Venus, and Mars were created from small dust particles containing ice and carbon. The discovery opens up the possibility that the Milky Way may be filled with aquatic planets.

Astronomers have long been looking into the vast universe in hopes of discovering alien civilizations. But for a planet to have life, liquid water must be present. The chances of that finding scenario have seemed impossible to calculate because it has been the assumption that planets like Earth get their water by chance if a large, ice asteroid hits the planet.
Now, researchers from the GLOBE Institute at the University of Copenhagen have published an eye-opening study, indicating that water may be present during the very formation of a planet. According to the study’s calculations, this is true for both Earth, Venus and Mars.

“All our data suggest that water was part of Earth’s building blocks, right from the beginning. And because the water molecule is frequently occurring, there is a reasonable probability that it applies to all planets in the Milky Way. The decisive point for whether liquid water is present is the distance of the planet from its star,” says Professor Anders Johansen from the Centre for Star and Planet Formation who has led the study that is published in the journal Science Advances.

Are all planets formed by ice?

Using a computer model, Anders Johansen and his team have calculated how quickly planets are formed, and from which building blocks. The study indicates that it was millimetre-sized dust particles of ice and carbon – which are known to orbit around all young stars in the Milky Way – that 4.5 billion years ago accreted in the formation of what would later become Earth.

“Up to the point where Earth had grown to one percent of its current mass, our planet grew by capturing masses of pebbles filled with ice and carbon. Earth then grew faster and faster until, after five million years, it became as large as we know it today. Along the way, the temperature on the surface rose sharply, causing the ice in the pebbles to evaporate on the way down to the surface so that, today, only 0.1 percent of the planet is made up of water, even though 70 percent of Earth’s surface is covered by water,” says Anders Johansen, who together with his research team in Lund ten years ago put forward the theory that the new study now confirms.

The theory, called “pebble accretion,” is that planets are formed by pebbles that are clumping together, and that the planets then grow larger and larger.

Anders Johansen explains that the water molecule H2O is found everywhere in our galaxy, and that the theory therefore opens up the possibility that other planets may have been formed in the same way as Earth, Mars, and Venus.

“All planets in the Milky Way may be formed by the same building blocks, meaning that planets with the same amount of water and carbon as Earth – and thus potential places where life may be present – occur frequently around other stars in our galaxy, provided the temperature is right,” he says.

Good chances for the emergence of life

If planets in our galaxy had the same building blocks and the same temperature conditions as Earth, there will also be good chances that they may have about the same amount of water and continents as our planet.


Professor Martin Bizzarro, co-author of the study, says:

“With our model, all planets get the same amount of water, and this suggests that other planets may have not just the same amount of water and oceans, but also the same amount of continents as here on Earth. It provides good opportunities for the emergence of life,” he says.

If, on the other hand, it was random how much water was present on planets, the planets might look vastly different. Some planets would be too dry to develop life, while others would be completely covered by water.

“A planet covered by water would of course be good for maritime beings, but would offer less than ideal conditions for the formation of civilizations that can observe the universe,” says Anders Johansen.

Anders Johansen and his research team are looking forward to the next generation of space telescopes, which will offer far better opportunities to observe exoplanets orbiting a star other than the Sun.


“The new telescopes are powerful. They use spectroscopy, which means that by observing which type of light is being blocked from the planets’ orbit around their star, you can see how much water vapor there is. It can tell us something about the number of oceans on that planet,” he says.

Reference: “A pebble accretion model for the formation of the terrestrial planets in the Solar System” by Anders Johansen, Thomas Ronnet, Martin Bizzarro, Martin Schiller, Michiel Lambrechts, Åke Nordlund and Helmut Lammer, 17 February 2021, Science Advances.


DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc0444 (https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/8/eabc0444)

We recommend:


Study Predicts Building Blocks for Earth-Like Planets in Every Exoplanet System in the Milky Way (https://scitechdaily.com/study-predicts-building-blocks-for-earth-like-planets-in-every-exoplanet-system-in-the-milky-way/?utm_source=TrendMD&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=SciTechDaily_TrendMD_0) James Kelly, SciTechDaily, 2015
Iron Isotopes Show That Planet Earth Formed Much Faster Than Scientists Thought (https://scitechdaily.com/iron-isotopes-show-that-planet-earth-formed-much-faster-than-scientists-thought/?utm_source=TrendMD&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=SciTechDaily_TrendMD_0) Mike ONeill, SciTechDaily, 2020
Evidence of How a Dwarf Galaxy Contributes to Growth of the Milky Way (https://scitechdaily.com/evidence-of-how-a-dwarf-galaxy-contributes-to-growth-of-the-milky-way/?utm_source=TrendMD&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=SciTechDaily_TrendMD_0) James Kelly, SciTechDaily, 2019
Researchers Explain the Formation of Trappist-1 and Compact Systems (https://scitechdaily.com/researchers-explain-formation-trappist-1/?utm_source=TrendMD&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=SciTechDaily_TrendMD_0) James Kelly, SciTechDaily, 2017

source (https://scitechdaily.com/the-milky-way-may-be-swarming-with-planets-that-have-continents-and-oceans-like-earth/)

[ExomatrixTV]

Forum Threads like these make life/living a bit more exiting to me ;) at least we gonna see so so much more of the Mysterious Universe (https://stfc.ukri.org/news-events-and-publications/features/the-story-of-dark-matter/top-10-unsolved-mysteries-of-the-strange-universe/) soon enough YES!:beer: and I am NOT "afraid" for the unknown whatsoever.

cheers,
John

[ExomatrixTV]

Feb 22, 2021

NASA’s Webb Telescope Will Show Us More Stars at Higher Resolution—Here’s What That Means for Astronomy

The combination of high resolution and infrared-detecting instruments on NASA’s upcoming James Webb Space Telescope will reveal stars that are currently hidden even from the powerful Hubble Space Telescope. The wealth of additional star data will allow astronomers to investigate a range of questions, from star birth to star death to the universe’s elusive expansion rate (https://hubblesite.org/contents/news-releases/2019/news-2019-25.html). Early observations with Webb will demonstrate its ability to distinguish the individual light of stars in the local universe in a range of environments and provide astronomers with tools for making the most of Webb’s powerful capabilities.

https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/styles/full_width/public/thumbnails/image/potw1449a_1.jpg?itok=6KzdzNJg (https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/potw1449a_1.jpg)

This image from NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope shows the heart of the globular star cluster Messier 92 (M92), one of the oldest and brightest in the Milky Way. The cluster packs roughly 330,000 stars tightly together, and they orbit the center of the galaxy en masse. NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope will observe M92, or a similar globular cluster, early in its mission to demonstrate its ability to distinguish the light of its individual stars in a densely packed environment. Webb’s high resolution and sensitivity will provide scientists a wealth of detailed star data relevant to many areas of astronomy, including the stellar lifecycle and the evolution of the universe.

“NASA’s Hubble and Spitzer space telescopes have been transformative, opening the door to the infrared universe, beyond the realm of red visible light. Webb is a natural evolution of those missions, combining Spitzer’s view of the infrared universe with Hubble’s sensitivity and resolution,” says Daniel Weisz (https://astro.berkeley.edu/people/daniel-weisz/#:~:text=Biography,University%20of%20Minnesota%20in%202010.&text=Dan%20will%20join%20the%20faculty,Astronomy%20Department%20in%20July%202016.) of the University of California, Berkeley, the principal investigator on Webb’s early release science (ERS) program (https://www.stsci.edu/jwst/observing-programs/approved-ers-programs/program-1334) on resolved populations of stars.

Webb’s ability to resolve individual stars that are shrouded behind gas and dust in visible light will be applicable to many areas of astronomical research. The goals of this ERS program are to demonstrate Webb’s capabilities in the local universe and create free, open-source data analysis programs for astronomers to make the best use of the observatory as quickly as possible. Data from the ERS programs will be available to other astronomers immediately, and archived for future research via the Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (https://archive.stsci.edu/) (MAST).


Insight into Dark Energy

Webb’s ability to pick out details for more individual stars than we have seen before will improve distance measurements to nearby galaxies, which Weisz says will be crucial to one of the biggest mysteries of modern-day astronomy: How fast is the universe expanding? A phenomenon called dark energy seems to be driving this expansion. Various methods for calculating the expansion rate have resulted in different answers, discrepancies astronomers hope Webb’s data can help reconcile.

“In order to do any of this science, calculating distances and then the universe’s expansion rate, we need to be able to extract the light of individual stars from Webb images,” Weisz says. “Our ERS program team will develop software that empowers the community to make those types of measurements.”

https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/styles/full_width/public/thumbnails/image/stsci-j-ems-hst-jwst-sst-d1280x720.png?itok=Cn8o3zgh (https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/stsci-j-ems-hst-jwst-sst-d1280x720.png)

NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope is designed to observe infrared light—wavelengths of light that are beyond the rainbow visible to human eyes. Infrared light’s longer wavelengths provide information that other wavelengths cannot, including star formation and other processes that take place behind thick veils of dust, which block the shorter wavelengths of visible light. Webb will detect a range of infrared light that overlaps with those observed by other NASA missions, but will also cover a significant portion of the infrared spectrum that they do not. This infographic highlights Webb’s overlapping and complimentary spectrum coverage with two NASA missions: the Hubble Space Telescope and Spitzer Space Telescope. Webb features a combination of Hubble’s imaging power and sensitivity with Spitzer’s infrared coverage, and goes beyond both to provide a wealth of new infrared data on the universe that is hidden beyond visible red light.
Credits: NASA and J. Olmstead (STScI)


The Stellar Lifecycle

Seeing more stars will mean more insight into their lifecycle. Webb will provide new views of the full range of stages in a star’s life, from formation to death.
“Right now we are effectively limited to studying star formation in our own Milky Way galaxy, but with Webb’s infrared capabilities we can see through the dusty cocoons (https://webbtelescope.org/resource-gallery/articles/pagecontent/filter-articles/how-are-stars-born) that shelter forming protostars in other galaxies—like Andromeda, which is more metal-rich—and see how stars form in a very different environment,” Weisz says.

Astronomer Martha Boyer (https://marthaboyer.net/), also on this observing program team, is interested in the insights Webb will provide toward the end of the stellar lifecycle, when stars become bloated, red, and dusty.
“NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope showed us that dusty, evolved stars exist even in very primitive galaxies where they weren’t expected, and now with Webb we will be able to characterize them and learn how our models of the star lifecycle line up with real observations,” says Boyer, an instrument scientist on Webb’s Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam (https://jwst.nasa.gov/content/observatory/instruments/nircam.html)) team at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland.


The Early Universe via the Local Neighborhood

Resolving and studying individual stars is necessary for understanding the bigger picture of how galaxies formed and function. Astronomers then can ask even bigger questions of how galaxies have evolved over time and space, from the distant, early universe to the Local Group—a collection of more than 20 nearby galaxies to which our galaxy belongs. Weisz explains that even though this observing program will be looking locally, there is evidence of the early universe to be discovered.

“We will have Webb study a nearby, ultra-faint dwarf galaxy, a remnant of the first seed-galaxies to form in the universe, some of which eventually merged to form larger galaxies like the Milky Way,” Weisz says. “At great distances these types of galaxies are too faint for even Webb to see directly, but small, local dwarf galaxies will show us what they were like billions of years ago.”

“We really need to understand the local universe in order to understand all of the universe,” Boyer says. “The Local Group of galaxies are a sort of laboratory, where we can study galaxies in detail—every single component. In distant galaxies we can’t resolve much detail, so we don’t know exactly what’s going on. A major step towards understanding distant or early galaxies is to study this collection of galaxies that are within our reach.”

As the Webb mission progresses, Boyer and Weisz expect that astronomers will use the tools their team develops in unexpected ways. They emphasize that developing the program was an effort of the entire local-universe astronomy community, and they plan to continue that collaboration once the data come in. Their observing program team plans to host a workshop to go over the results of the program with other astronomers and tweak the software they’ve developed, all with the goal of assisting members of the astronomy community in applying for time to use Webb for their research.


“I think that is really important—the idea of working together to achieve big science, as opposed to a lot of us trying to compete,” Weisz says.

The James Webb Space Telescope will be the world's premier space science observatory when it launches in 2021. Webb will solve mysteries in our solar system, look beyond to distant worlds around other stars, and probe the mysterious structures and origins of our universe and our place in it. Webb is an international program led by NASA with its partners, ESA (European Space Agency) and the Canadian Space Agency.

source (https://projectavalon.net/forum4/James Webb Space Telescope)




JWST Webinar: JWST for Beginners at 237th AAS in January 2021

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[ExomatrixTV]

NASA Statement on James Webb Space Telescope Launch Readiness

NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, which will be the premier observatory of the next decade, remains on schedule for a launch readiness date no earlier than Oct. 31, 2021.

James Webb will ship to the launch site in August with little to no schedule margin; launch processing will take two months. The observatory has completed all the post-environmental testing deployments, and it is in its final integration and folding stages. Final stow, closeout, and pack and ship are imminent. We are working closely with the European Space Agency (ESA) and Arianespace on establishing the launch date. We will launch approximately four months after the first launch of the Ariane 5 this year, which is scheduled for late July. Webb has no launch date constraints; hence, it can launch almost any day of the year.

Webb will study every phase in the history of our universe, including the first luminous glows after the creation of the cosmos, the formation of solar systems capable of supporting life on planets like Earth, and the evolution of our own solar system.

Alise Fisher
NASA Headquarters
Alise.m.fisher@nasa.gov

source (https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/goddard/2021/nasa-statement-on-james-webb-space-telescope-launch-readiness)


Webb Media Day Presentation (full) - May 11, 2021:

wdsinaFtUKc


5 Scientific Revolutions (https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2021/06/07/5-scientific-revolutions-that-nasas-james-webb-space-telescope-will-deliver/?sh=5fb780612abd) That NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope Will Deliver
James Webb Space Telescope's golden mirror in Final Test (https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-57078657)

[ExomatrixTV]

Animation: The James Webb Space Telescope's Orbit:

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See The Cosmos - NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope | SXSW 2021:

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James Webb Space Telescope - Media briefing and Q&A:

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TESS Finds its First Earth-Sized ExoPlanet (https://www.universetoday.com/144528/tess-finds-its-first-earth-sized-world-in-the-habitable-zone-of-a-star/) in the Habitable Zone of a Star ... Should be high on the list of targets for the brand new James Webb Telescope! (and many other ExoPlanets (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_exoplanets)).

[pabranno]

An honest question.
With what appears to be some type of disclosure happening, regardless of its nature or agenda, is it now a moot issue to explore with such an admittedly marvelous instrument?
Have things progressed too far too fast to make the discoveries meaningful?
Are there far more meaningful discoveries imminent?
And if so, don’t they know it?
And if so, why the pretense of the telescope?

Analogous to SETI searching for radio waves....
Just wondering out loud.

Pamela

[ExomatrixTV]

An honest question.
With what appears to be some type of disclosure happening, regardless of its nature or agenda, is it now a moot issue to explore with such an admittedly marvelous instrument?
Have things progressed too far too fast to make the discoveries meaningful?
Are there far more meaningful discoveries imminent?
And if so, don’t they know it?
And if so, why the pretense of the telescope?

Analogous to SETI searching for radio waves....
Just wondering out loud.

Pamela

Never ever trust authorities claiming to share their version of "disclosure" and never assume you will get the real full (big) picture ever!

That would be really super naive ... All angles that can speed up global awareness & public interest showing much more details of our mysterious Universe like multiple Dyson Spheres (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyson_sphere)


Would be cool if they can confirm there IS a "water planet" covered totally with water near Sirius B



Scientists Can’t Explain What Huge Object (https://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-can-t-explain-the-bizarre-mass-of-objects-orbiting-a-distant-star) Is Blocking The Light From This Distant Star
Earth-Sized ExoPlanet (https://www.universetoday.com/144528/tess-finds-its-first-earth-sized-world-in-the-habitable-zone-of-a-star/) in the Habitable Zone of a Star ... Should be high on the list of targets for the brand new James Webb Telescope! (and many other ExoPlanets (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_exoplanets)).
... and so so many more unexplained mysteries in space!

Do not confuse "UAP/UFO Disclosure (https://projectavalon.net/forum4/showthread.php?114409-UAP-is-heating-up-to-some-kind-of-disclosure)" with "Full Alien Disclosure (https://projectavalon.net/forum4/showthread.php?115332-Who-can-predict-Post-Alien-UFO-Disclosure-Economics-trends-...-anyone)" they are 2 different things for a reason!

cheers,
John Kuhles aka 'ExomatrixTV'
June 21th, 2021

[pabranno]

I hear you John. Appreciate the response and clarification🙂

[ExomatrixTV]

NASA's NEO Hunting Space Telescope Could Search For Dangerous Asteroids (https://www.techtimes.com/articles/262254/20210701/nasas-neo-hunting-space-telescope-search-dangerous-asteroids-hazardous-objects.htm) and Other Hazardous Objects Heading to Earth

4Wrc4fHSCpw

[Ankle Biter]

Really looking forward to this one being deployed and fingers crossed they get it right because as far as I understand they got 1 shot at it.

If I were operating that thing first thing I would do is point it toward Sag A* and peak at the opposite side of the Milky Way.

Also if anyone is interested check the YouTube channel event horizon (https://www.youtube.com/c/EventHorizonShow/search?query=james%20webb) with search results for interviews regarding expectations of peeking closer at exo-planets and inferences about atmosphere composition and a great deal more. Are they looking for Earth 2.0?

[ExomatrixTV]

NASA’s Webb Will Use Quasars to Unlock the Secrets of the Early Universe

Quasars are very bright, distant and active supermassive black holes that are millions to billions of times the mass of the Sun. Typically located at the centers of galaxies, they feed on infalling matter and unleash fantastic torrents of radiation. Among the brightest objects in the universe, a quasar’s light outshines that of all the stars in its host galaxy combined, and its jets and winds shape the galaxy in which it resides.

https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/styles/full_width/public/thumbnails/image/quasaroutflow.png?itok=-UXvo96- (https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/quasaroutflow.png)

This is an artist's concept of a galaxy with a brilliant quasar at its center. A quasar is a very bright, distant and active supermassive black hole that is millions to billions of times the mass of the Sun. Among the brightest objects in the universe, a quasar’s light outshines that of all the stars in its host galaxy combined. Quasars feed on infalling matter and unleash torrents of winds and radiation, shaping the galaxies in which they reside. Using the unique capabilities of Webb, scientists will study six of the most distant and luminous quasars in the universe.

Shortly after its launch later this year, a team of scientists will train NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope on six of the most distant and luminous quasars. They will study the properties of these quasars and their host galaxies, and how they are interconnected during the first stages of galaxy evolution in the very early universe. The team will also use the quasars to examine the gas in the space between galaxies, particularly during the period of cosmic reionization (https://webbtelescope.org/contents/media/images/2020/37/4697-Image?keyword=reionization), which ended when the universe was very young. They will accomplish this using Webb’s extreme sensitivity to low levels of light and its superb angular resolution.


Webb: Visiting the Young Universe

As Webb peers deep into the universe, it will actually look back in time. Light from these distant quasars began its journey to Webb when the universe was very young and took billions of years to arrive. We will see things as they were long ago, not as they are today.

“All these quasars we are studying existed very early, when the universe was less than 800 million years old, or less than 6 percent of its current age. So these observations give us the opportunity to study galaxy evolution and supermassive black hole formation and evolution at these very early times,” explained team member Santiago Arribas, a research professor at the Department of Astrophysics of the Center for Astrobiology in Madrid, Spain. Arribas is also a member of Webb’s Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec (https://jwst.nasa.gov/content/observatory/instruments/nirspec.html)) Instrument Science Team.

The light from these very distant objects has been stretched by the expansion of space. This is known as cosmological redshift (https://hubblesite.org/contents/media/images/4509-Image.html). The farther the light has to travel, the more it is redshifted. In fact, the visible light emitted at the early universe is stretched so dramatically that it is shifted out into the infrared when it arrives to us. With its suite of infrared-tuned instruments, Webb is uniquely suited to studying this kind of light.


Studying Quasars, Their Host Galaxies and Environments, and Their Powerful Outflows

The quasars the team will study are not only among the most distant in the universe, but also among the brightest. These quasars typically have the highest black hole masses, and they also have the highest accretion rates — the rates at which material falls into the black holes.

“We’re interested in observing the most luminous quasars because the very high amount of energy that they’re generating down at their cores should lead to the largest impact on the host galaxy by the mechanisms such as quasar outflow and heating,” said Chris Willott, a research scientist at the Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Centre of the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) in Victoria, British Columbia. Willott is also the Canadian Space Agency’s Webb project scientist. “We want to observe these quasars at the moment when they’re having the largest impact on their host galaxies.”

An enormous amount of energy is liberated when matter is accreted by the supermassive black hole. This energy heats and pushes the surrounding gas outward, generating strong outflows that tear across interstellar space like a tsunami, wreaking havoc on the host galaxy.

Outflows play an important role in galaxy evolution (https://webbtelescope.org/contents/media/videos/2021/015/01F09AQGN1JD1H8BJJZDR4RPWS). Gas fuels the formation of stars, so when gas is removed due to outflows, the star-formation rate decreases. In some cases, outflows are so powerful and expel such large amounts of gas that they can completely halt star formation within the host galaxy. Scientists also think that outflows are the main mechanism by which gas, dust and elements are redistributed over large distances within the galaxy or can even be expelled into the space between galaxies – the intergalactic medium. This may provoke fundamental changes in the properties of both the host galaxy and the intergalactic medium.


Examining Properties of Intergalactic Space During the Era of Reionization

More than 13 billion years ago, when the universe was very young, the view was far from clear. Neutral gas between galaxies made the universe opaque to some types of light. Over hundreds of millions of years, the neutral gas in the intergalactic medium became charged or ionized, making it transparent to ultraviolet light. This period is called the Era of Reionization. But what led to the reionization that created the “clear” conditions detected in much of the universe today? Webb will peer deep into space to gather more information about this major transition in the history of the universe. The observations will help us understand the Era of Reionization, which is one of the key frontiers in astrophysics.

The team will use quasars as background light sources to study the gas between us and the quasar. That gas absorbs the quasar’s light at specific wavelengths. Through a technique called imaging spectroscopy (https://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hvi/uploads/video_file/video_attachment/4985/STScI-J-IFU-v1837a-3840x2160.mp4), they will look for absorption lines in the intervening gas. The brighter the quasar is, the stronger those absorption line features will be in the spectrum. By determining whether the gas is neutral or ionized, scientists will learn how neutral the universe is and how much of this reionization process has occurred at that particular point in time.

“If you want to study the universe, you need very bright background sources. A quasar is the perfect object in the distant universe, because it’s luminous enough that we can see it very well,” said team member Camilla Pacifici, who is affiliated with the Canadian Space Agency but works as an instrument scientist at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore. “We want to study the early universe because the universe evolves, and we want to know how it got started.”

The team will analyze the light coming from the quasars with NIRSpec to look for what astronomers call “metals,” which are elements heavier than hydrogen and helium. These elements were formed in the first stars and the first galaxies and expelled by outflows. The gas moves out of the galaxies it was originally in and into the intergalactic medium. The team plans to measure the generation of these first “metals,” as well as the way they’re being pushed out into the intergalactic medium by these early outflows.


The Power of Webb

Webb is an extremely sensitive telescope able to detect very low levels of light. This is important, because even though the quasars are intrinsically very bright, the ones this team is going to observe are among the most distant objects in the universe. In fact, they are so distant that the signals Webb will receive are very, very low. Only with Webb’s exquisite sensitivity can this science be accomplished. Webb also provides excellent angular resolution, making it possible to disentangle the light of the quasar from its host galaxy.

The quasar programs described here are Guaranteed Time Observations (https://www.stsci.edu/jwst/observing-programs/approved-gto-programs) involving the spectroscopic capabilities of NIRSpec.

The James Webb Space Telescope will be the world's premier space science observatory when it launches in 2021. Webb will solve mysteries in our solar system, look beyond to distant worlds around other stars, and probe the mysterious structures and origins of our universe and our place in it. Webb is an international program led by NASA with its partners, ESA (European Space Agency) and the Canadian Space Agency.

For more information about Webb, visit: Nasa.gov/webb (http://www.nasa.gov/webb).

How big is the universe ... compared with a grain of sand?

AC7yFDb1zOA

[ExomatrixTV]

How Does The James Webb Space Telescope Work?

4P8fKd0IVOs

[Le Chat]

https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/styles/full_width/public/thumbnails/image/quasaroutflow.png?itok=-UXvo96- (https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/quasaroutflow.png)

Man, wouldn't that be something if the Webb telescope had this sort of resolution....

[ExomatrixTV]

Social Media Short: NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2021/nasa-s-james-webb-space-telescope-has-completed-testing) Completes Testing:

oaO08UZI5ew

[ExomatrixTV]

The Webb Telescope Journey to Space Part 1: Packed and Transported to the Ship:

wbOhkMQ2Lns


The Webb Telescope Journey to Space Part 2: Loading and Departing:

xU3s1Uh8FhI

[ExomatrixTV]

Find out why the Hubble telescope team regretted ending their deal with Kodak:

XNdy8MPnpV4


Lets hope this will NOT happen with James Webb Telescope (https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/index.html) (or something similar).






29 Days on the Edge:

uUAvXYW5bmI

[ExomatrixTV]

Webb Space Telescope Arrives at Launch Site!:

x4RrMR6MYjY


Webb Space telescope's first 29 days in space will be nail biter:

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The Webb Telescope Journey to Space Part 3: Arrival and Off-loading

lNQxeTgd9dU


The Webb Telescope Journey to Space Part 4: Unpacking in the Cleanroom

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[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Telescope May Detect Artificial Lights On Proxima b

Ebrs0lXh1o8

[ExomatrixTV]

'Perfect' James Webb Telescope On Track for Launch (https://news.yahoo.com/perfect-james-webb-telescope-track-233510711.html)



James Webb Space Telescope Unboxed in Cleanroom at Europe’s Spaceport

QtXJYZo4bc0

[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb: Hubble Telescope Successor Faces 'Two Weeks Of Terror'

https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/6CD5/production/_121316872_jwst1-nasa.jpg

Image caption, So much could go wrong, but the engineering teams believe they have all eventualities covered

Engineers like to describe the process of landing a rover on Mars as the "seven minutes of terror".

That's how long it takes for a robot to come to a standing-stop at the surface of the Red Planet after entering the atmosphere faster than a rifle bullet; and so much has to go right in-between to avoid smashing into the ground.

But when it comes to the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), it's more like "two weeks of terror".

The successor observatory to the mighty Hubble telescope has been built to see the very first stars to shine in the Universe.

These very faint, very distant targets require a huge telescope design, one that is so big it has to be folded to fit inside its launch rocket, and then, once in orbit, unfolded again to begin taking pictures of the cosmos.

This unfurling has been called an origami exercise in reverse, where the delicate figure is the size of a tennis court.

https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/17842/production/_121322369_shield2.jpg

Image caption, The heart-stopper will be the five layers of super-thin membrane that make up the sunshield

It all takes place over a period of about 14 days, immediately after the launch in mid-December.

It will involve an astonishing symphony of hinges, motors, gears, springs, pulleys and cables - all of which must work on command and to perfection.

There are no fewer than 344 "single point failures" - critical moments in the timeline where, if the action doesn't occur on cue, the six-tonne telescope cannot achieve the desired configuration, fatally undermining its $10bn mission.

The expansion of the five super-thin membranes that will shield Webb's vision from interfering sunlight look particularly tricky. Heart-stopping, to be honest. But there is a quiet confidence in the engineering teams, led by the US space agency (Nasa) and aerospace manufacturer Northrop Grumman (NG). And that's because they've tested and rehearsed everything, over and over and over again.

"The sunshield is like a skydiver's parachute; it needs to be folded perfectly so that it unfolds and deploys perfectly without snags, without any tangles," said Northrop Grumman systems engineer Krystal Puga.

"To perfect the sequence, we performed multiple deployment testing over several years on both small and full-size models. We practised not only the deployment but also the stowing process. This gives us the confidence that Webb is going to deploy successfully."


$10bn James Webb telescope unpacked in Kourou (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-58960575)
Webb super-telescope arrives at launch site (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-58888302)
Hubble successor given mid-December launch date (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-58498676)

https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/82BD/production/_117096433_rover_drop.jpg

Image caption, Nasa's Perseverance rover touches down: Landing a robot on Mars is hard enough

Webb's drama begins almost as soon as the telescope comes off the top of its European Ariane rocket.

First, the solar array must come out. No power, no mission. Then, the high-gain antenna makes its move, enabling two-way communications with the ground. No comms, no commands.

But all that's kind of easy compared with what comes next.
https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/45C5/production/_121316871_jw_telescope_deployment3_2x640-nc.png


Day 3 - Two pallets holding the sunshield membranes open outwards. The long axis is 21m in length
Day 5 - The sunshield system is stretched out to make a diamond shape that's just over 14m wide
Day 6 - The shield's five layers separate. They will help cool the telescope as well as shade it
Day 11 - Webb is a reflecting telescope with a secondary mirror whose booms must lock into place
Day 13 - The primary mirror, built to be 6.5m across, extends one of the sides that was folded for launch
Day 14 - The other mirror wing comes out. James Webb has now completed its origami sequence



"When I started in this business about 40 years ago, I remember one of the first lessons I got taught was to avoid deployments on orbit," said Mike Menzel, Nasa's lead mission systems engineer on the project.

"James Webb cannot avoid the deployments. In fact, James Webb has to perform some of the most complex deployment sequences ever attempted, and these come with many challenges."

What if something goes awry?

There are no cameras to show what's occurring when the mechanisms are doing their thing. Part of the reasoning for omitting them is that they wouldn't be much use anyway in the dark shadow that's supposed to be cast by the sunshield.


https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/0F11/production/_118475830_jwst_telescope_labelled_640-nc.png

So the teams will be relying on sensor feedback, and if a problem arises, they'll work through their "fault trees" until a solution is found.

In extremis, it's possible even to give the telescope a bit of a shake to free a mechanism that might have become stuck.

"When I say, for instance, shimmy, you're rocking the observatory back and forth," explained Alphonso Stewart, Nasa's Webb deployment systems lead.

"In terms of a twirl, we basically can spin the observatory about any given axis. And for fire and ice, we can orient the observatory in such a way to put the sun on certain areas to heat them up, if we deem that that's necessary for the deployment," he told BBC News.

https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/15132/production/_121322368_shield1.jpg

Image caption, Webb is currently in its stowed configuration awaiting launch on a European Ariane-5 rocket

Webb is due to enter service about 180 days after launch, a time period that includes tuning the performance of the telescope's mirrors and instruments. But the engineers will not rush their tasks, especially if they come up against a snag.

"I've been the Webb project manager for almost 11 years, and this team does not give up," said Bill Ochs.

"So, we don't talk about what do we do if we fail? We talk about how we correct problems that we see on orbit, and how we move forward from there."

https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/13E8A/production/_118464518_jwst_mirror_size_comp_640-nc.png


source (https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59138682)



James Webb Telescope: Hubble's Successor to Launch in Six Weeks (https://www.ctvnews.ca/sci-tech/james-webb-telescope-hubble-s-successor-to-launch-in-six-weeks-after-years-of-delays-1.5656212) after Years of Delays



See the Mighty James Webb Space Telescope (https://www.digitaltrends.com/news/james-webb-unboxed-cleanroom/) being unboxed in a Cleanroom

[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Space Telescope Passes Key Launch Clearance Review

https://scitechdaily.com/images/James-Webb-Space-Telescope-Ariane-5-Launcher-scaled.jpg

Artist’s impression of the James Webb Space Telescope (Webb), folded in the Ariane 5 rocket during launch from Europe’s Spaceport in French Guiana. Credit: ESA – D. Ducros

The international James Webb Space Telescope has passed the final mission analysis review for its launch on an Ariane 5 rocket from Europe’s Spaceport in French Guiana.
This major milestone, carried out with Arianespace, the Webb launch service provider, confirms that Ariane 5, the Webb spacecraft, and the flight plan are set for launch. It also specifically provides the final confirmation that all aspects of the launch vehicle and spacecraft are fully compatible.

During launch, the spacecraft experiences a range of mechanical forces, vibrations, temperature changes, and electromagnetic radiation. All technical evaluations performed by Arianespace on the mission’s key aspects, including the launch trajectory and payload separation, have shown positive results.

“We are thrilled to have passed this important step towards the launch of Webb and to have received the green light from Arianespace and NASA,” says Peter Rumler, ESA Webb project manager.

https://scitechdaily.com/images/Webb-and-Ariane-5-Perfect-Fit-777x437.jpg (https://scitechdaily.com/images/Webb-and-Ariane-5-Perfect-Fit-scaled.jpg)

Webb and Ariane 5: a fit made perfect. Ariane 5 has been customized to accommodate all the specific requirements of the Webb mission. New hardware ensures that venting ports around the base of the fairing remain fully open. This will minimize the shock of depressurization when the fairing jettisons away from the launch vehicle. Some elements of Webb are sensitive to radiation from the Sun and heating by the atmosphere. To protect it after the fairing is jettisoned, Ariane 5 will perform a specially developed rolling maneuver to avoid any fixed position of the telescope relative to the Sun. Additionally, an extra battery is installed on Ariane 5 to allow a boost to the upper stage after release of the telescope, distancing it from Webb. Credit: ESA

Webb will be the largest, most powerful telescope ever launched into space. As part of an international collaboration agreement, ESA is providing the observatory’s launch service using the Ariane 5 launch vehicle. Working with partners, ESA was responsible for the development and qualification of Ariane 5 adaptations for the Webb mission and for the procurement of the launch service.

Ariane 5 will deliver the telescope directly into a precision transfer orbit towards its destination, the second Lagrange point (L2). After separation from the launcher, Webb will continue its four-week long journey to L2 alone. L2 is four times farther away than the Moon, 1.5 million km from Earth in the direction away from the Sun.

Mission analysis experts at ESA helped to compute the launch window, a complex issue because it involves ensuring that Webb can be inserted into its target orbit and at the same time the Ariane 5 upper stage will safely escape from Earth.

The telescope will observe the Universe in the near-infrared and mid-infrared – at wavelengths longer than visible light. To do so, it carries a suite of state-of-the-art cameras, spectrographs, and coronagraphs.
ESA plays a crucial role in the Webb mission. Aside from procuring the Ariane 5 launcher and launch services, ESA is contributing the NIRSpec instrument and a 50% share of the MIRI instrument, as well as personnel to support mission operations.

Webb is an international partnership between NASA, ESA, and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). Webb’s partners are working towards the launch readiness date of October 31, 2021. The precise launch date following 31 October depends on the spaceport’s launch schedule and will be finalized closer to the launch readiness date.


source (https://scitechdaily.com/james-webb-space-telescope-passes-key-launch-clearance-review/)



The James Webb Space Telescope - Seeing Farther:

LlHyGTt7DDY

[ExomatrixTV]

There Are 344 Ways That The New James Webb Space Telescope Could Fail, Nasa Says:

NASA's biggest space telescope ever is also its most complicated. While NASA's James Webb Space Telescope has faced countless obstacles and delays in its more than decade in the making, the observatory's most difficult days lie ahead in the coming months.

The James Webb Space Telescope (https://www.space.com/21925-james-webb-space-telescope-jwst.html), the successor to the Hubble Space Telescope, is set to launch on Dec. 18, 2021 aboard an Ariane 5 rocket (https://www.space.com/40551-ariane-5-rocket.html) from the European Space Agency's launch site near Kourou, French Guiana. Development for the observatory, said to be the most powerful space telescope ever built, began in 1996 with an initial launch planned for 2007. Now, 14 years later, the completed telescope has arrived at its launch site and is almost ready for liftoff.

About 28 minutes after liftoff, Webb will detach from its launch vehicle and begin "the most complex sequence of deployments ever attempted in a single space mission," according to NASA (https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2021/the-road-to-launch-and-beyond-for-nasa-s-james-webb-space-telescope). This deployment, which will see Webb unfold and unfurl its sun shield once in space, includes quite literally hundreds of "single points of failure," Mike Menzel, Webb lead mission systems engineer for NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland, said Tuesday (Nov. 2) during a news briefing.


"344 points of possible failure":

"There are 344 single-point-of-failure items on average," Menzel said about the Webb mission, adding that "approximately 80% of those are associated with the deployment … It's hard to avoid when you have a release mechanism. It's hard to put full redundancy into that."

Webb has 144 release mechanisms "which all must work perfectly," Krystal Puga, Webb spacecraft systems engineer for Northrop Grumman (https://www.space.com/northrop-grumman-space-systems.html), which built the spacecraft, said during the briefing.

"Like an origami object, proper folding and unfolding is necessary in order to achieve a specific shape," Alphonso Steward, Webb deployment systems lead for NASA Goddard, said during the briefing.

Menzel explained that the team decreased the number of release mechanisms as much as possible. "We found the sweet spot between getting the control that we want, with these large flexible membranes," without adding too many single points of failure, he said.

However, while the mission, and especially the deployment stage, have such a large number of single points of failure, Menzel emphasized the extensive work that the mission team has done to ensure success. "When we identify a single point failure, we give it very special treatment. We have what we call a critical item control plan, and we always throw in extra inspection points. And we've done extra offline testing on these devices," Menzel said.

He added that for every one of these items identified, NASA and Northrop Grumman have done extra inspections and tests to understand the different ways that it could fail, to be as prepared as possible. "We've given our single-point-failure items a lot of attention," he said.


Ensuring Backup Plans

Extra care has to be taken with these aspects of the mission because the team can't build in redundancy, but the mission overall also has many contingency plans, or plans for if things do not go as planned.

"We do have multiple contingency plans," Menzel told Space.com (http://Space.com) during the briefing. He added that some of the plans have been "pre-formulated" for the time-critical parts of deployment. "There's only one deployment really that time critical, and that's to get the solar array out," he said.

Steward added that contingency plans for Webb range from the super-simple to the very complex, with some plans being as straightforward as re-sending a command that did not go through. He said that there is "quite a bit of redundancy," in much of the Webb mission. "We have multiple ways of sending the same signal," he added.

And the Webb team has been making sure that their backup plans and built-in redundancies work as intended, just in case.
Related Stories:


NASA's James Webb Space Telescope: Hubble's cosmic successor (https://www.space.com/21925-james-webb-space-telescope-jwst.html)
House spending bill fires warning shot at James Webb Space Telescope (https://www.space.com/43080-house-spending-bill-fires-warning-shot-at-jwst.html)
NASA's James Webb Space Telescope looks squeaky clean at spaceport for December launch (photos) (https://www.space.com/nasa-james-webb-space-telescope-cleanroom-photos)

"Over the past two years or so, the team has been practicing these contingencies scenarios, where [an] anomaly is introduced, and the team will work to try to solve it and sort of rehearse plans," Steward said.

Over the course of the 24 years it's taken since development began, Webb is estimated to cost (https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-21-406) NASA $9.7 billion in total. The massive space observatory will succeed Hubble with a mirror six times the size of Hubble's and a sunshield about the size of a tennis court.

Webb will peer our into the farthest reach of the universe, observing infrared light. Scientists hope to use the space telescope to see farther out into the universe, and therefore farther back in time, than ever before and learn about our universe's origins while uncovering new information about everything from planet formation to dark matter.


source (https://www.space.com/james-webb-space-telescope-deployment-points-of-failure)

[Ankle Biter]

https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/styles/full_width/public/thumbnails/image/quasaroutflow.png?itok=-UXvo96- (https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/quasaroutflow.png)

Man, wouldn't that be something if the Webb telescope had this sort of resolution....


If all goes well with launch and deployment we will have resolution of images that will make Hubble images look like they were made from a potato camera. No disrespect to all that we've been gifted from Hubble, it's done a tremendous service to our learning of this space called space.

There's a lot of interesting discussion on Event Horizon (https://youtu.be/gk_-Z_a3Ar4") YT channel and some of the most looked forward to results will be readings of atmospheric composition of exoplanets.

I really am looking forward to peeking through the milky way centre. Something we aren't able to do currently because of so much dust and glare I think. But with the JWST able to utilise infrared we'll better see through to the other side.

And we'll set new records for the furthest objects we've ever seen too.

Thanks for following the story John and keeping us up to date.

[ExomatrixTV]

An “incident” with the James Webb Space Telescope has occurred

NASA is leading an anomaly review board to investigate and conduct additional testing.

https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/509902main_heaveymetal-img2-orig-800x532.jpg


A short update on the projected launch date of the $10 billion James Webb Space Telescope came out of NASA on Monday, and it wasn't exactly a heart-warming missive.

The large, space-based telescope's "no earlier than" launch date will slip from December 18 to at least December 22 after an "incident" occurred during processing operations at the launch site in Kourou, French Guiana. That is where the telescope will launch on an Ariane 5 rocket provided by the European Space Agency.


Meet the largest science project in US government history—the James Webb Telescope (https://arstechnica.com/science/2016/03/meet-the-largest-science-project-in-us-government-history-the-james-webb-telescope/)

"Technicians were preparing to attach Webb to the launch vehicle adapter, which is used to integrate the observatory with the upper stage of the Ariane 5 rocket," NASA said in a blog post (https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/2021/11/22/nasa-provides-update-on-webb-telescope-launch/). "A sudden, unplanned release of a clamp band—which secures Webb to the launch vehicle adapter—caused a vibration throughout the observatory."

Let's be honest, words like "incident," "sudden," and "vibration" are not the kinds of expressions one wants to hear about the handling of a delicate and virtually irreplaceable instrument like the Webb telescope. However, NASA, the European Space Agency, and the rocket's operator, Arianespace, have a plan for moving forward.

NASA is leading an anomaly review board to investigate and conduct additional testing to determine with certainty that the incident did not damage any part of the telescope. NASA said it will provide an update when the testing is completed at the end of this week. A senior source at the space agency said this testing is currently running ahead of schedule and that, provided some serious issue is not identified, the December 22 launch date should stick.

Any setbacks now in Webb's progress toward launch feel especially painful because reaching this point has been such a long, long road. NASA's follow-on instrument to the wildly successful Hubble Space Telescope was originally due to launch about a decade ago, with a development cost of $1 billion. Since then, technical problems and delays have bedeviled the complex telescope.

Building Webb has been difficult because its 6.5-meter mirror needs to unfurl itself once it reaches an orbit about 1.5 million kilometers from Earth. This is an exceedingly complex process, and there are more than 300 single points of failure aboard the observatory. NASA has had a difficult time testing them all on Earth in conditions that mimic the temperatures, pressure, and microgravity of deep space.

NASA's science chief, Thomas Zurbuchen, said Monday it was important for NASA to ensure the telescope was healthy before its launch. "I am confident the team will do everything they can to prepare Webb to explore our cosmic past," he wrote on Twitter (https://twitter.com/Dr_ThomasZ/status/1462888218492379136). "Certainly, this step is worth the wait."


source (https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/11/an-incident-with-the-james-webb-space-telescope-has-occurred/)

[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Space Telescope launch delayed to December 22, 2021

After a recent incident, Webb's launch has been delayed yet again.

https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/TXivf7seQ3YfDufKihxoJH-970-80.jpg.webp
The James Webb Space Telescope's 21.3-foot (6.5 meter) diameter primary mirror. (Image credit: NASA/C. Gunn)

The James Webb Space Telescope (https://www.space.com/21925-james-webb-space-telescope-jwst.html) will have to wait a few more days before taking to the skies after an unplanned clamp band release during launch preparations. Liftoff for Webb has now been delayed from Dec. 18 to Dec. 22.

The space telescope, a next-generation instrument said to be the most powerful observational tool to be put into space, has been a long time coming, with development beginning almost 30 years ago in 1996. Webb has been completed, folded up (https://www.space.com/james-webb-space-telescope-final-mirror-test) and has survived a journey at sea to arrive in October at its launch site, Europe's Spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana. However, a recent incident during launch preparations has forced the mission team to delay liftoff a few extra days.

According to a new statement (https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/2021/11/22/nasa-provides-update-on-webb-telescope-launch/) from NASA, during operations at the facility in French Guiana, "technicians were preparing to attach Webb to the launch vehicle adapter, which is used to integrate the observatory with the upper stage of the Ariane 5 rocket. A sudden, unplanned release of a clamp band — which secures Webb to the launch vehicle adapter — caused a vibration throughout the observatory."

The space agency prefaced the statement by saying that launch preparations were performed at the facility "under Arianespace overall responsibility." Arianespace's Ariane 5 rocket is set to lift Webb to space.

Following the unexpected and unplanned incident, "a NASA-led anomaly review board was immediately convened to investigate and instituted additional testing to determine with certainty the incident did not damage any components. NASA and its mission partners will provide an update when the testing is completed at the end of this week," NASA's statement continued.

Related stories:


—NASA's James Webb Space Telescope: Hubble's cosmic successor (https://www.space.com/21925-james-webb-space-telescope-jwst.html)
—House spending bill fires warning shot at James Webb Space Telescope (https://www.space.com/43080-house-spending-bill-fires-warning-shot-at-jwst.html)
—NASA's James Webb Space Telescope looks squeaky clean at spaceport for December launch (photos) (https://www.space.com/nasa-james-webb-space-telescope-cleanroom-photos)

This is certainly not the first time Webb has been delayed, though this setback comes less than a month before Webb's initial planned launch date.

Webb was first slated to launch in 2007. With mission costs increasing as delays continued, the telescope will now launch with an expected budget of $9.7 billion, with $861 million of that budget dedicated to supporting the first five years of operation after launch.

Earlier this year, Webb had a new target launch timeframe of March. That was then pushed to Halloween, which was pushed again (https://www.space.com/james-webb-space-telescope-launch-december-2021)to Dec. 18. Now, the team will aim to launch on Dec. 22. However, as NASA noted in its statement, the agency and its partners are continuing to investigate the issue as they move through pre-launch testing.


source (https://www.space.com/james-webb-space-telescope-launch-delay-december-22)

[ExomatrixTV]

Hold Your Breath! The Biggest Telescope Is Finally Ready For Launch | James Webb Space Telescope:

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Watch what happens after the James Webb Space Telescope launches | Science News:

b6AdjzJhWYQ


Elements of Webb: Gold Part 1, Ep 01

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Elements of Webb: Gold Part 2, Ep 02:

pi27OUfg04s

[ExomatrixTV]

The James Webb Space Telescope Explained In 9 Minutes:

tnbSIbsF4t4

[Merkaba360]

Yea, who cares about seeing across the universe, I want this thing to show me every square inch of the moon and mars in perfect detail. lol

Not sure if it can focus on such close objects, but im sure it can't right? lol That wouldn't be good for them to have to make excuses why we can actually just see our backyard in high resolution detail.

Oh well, should be cool to see some remarkable photos.

[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Telescope Delayed Due to "Incident":

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¤=[Post Update]=¤


Yea, who cares about seeing across the universe, I want this thing to show me every square inch of the moon and mars in perfect detail. lol

Not sure if it can focus on such close objects, but im sure it can't right? lol That wouldn't be good for them to have to make excuses why we can actually just see our backyard in high resolution detail.

Oh well, should be cool to see some remarkable photos.


Why should we be limited by "either/or"

Why not appreciating we can do both and so so much more :) ... there are so any unsolved mysteries & anomalies in Space I truly CARE to find much more detail on any mystery is space!

Who cares? ... I care, for many reasons ... I can name you at least 10 unexplained mysteries & anomalies Hubble Telescope detected in space that needs a second look! Can you? ... If not that explains your "who cares" assumption.


I predict 100 fold more ExoPlanets (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_exoplanets) detected via James Webb Space Telescope (https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/) within 12 months ... and not only that ... they have much more details about those ExoPlanets (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exoplanet)!... and some of them have anomalies (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_astronomy) that will start a worldwide debate demanding much more openness dealing with Alien UFO Disclosure.

I sincerely & deeply hope "James Webb Telescope" will be used to study "Sirius A (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius)" & "Sirius B (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sirius_Mystery)" and The Pleiades detecting if there any Exoplanets (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_exoplanets) near it!

Would be cool if they can confirm there IS a "water planet" covered totally with water near Sirius B

... and what about the 2 Dyson Spheres (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyson_sphere)?


Scientists Can’t Explain What Huge Object (https://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-can-t-explain-the-bizarre-mass-of-objects-orbiting-a-distant-star) Is Blocking The Light From This Distant Star
Researchers Just Found a Second 'Dyson Sphere (https://www.sciencealert.com/researchers-just-found-a-second-dyson-sphere-star)' Star

cheers,
John Kuhles aka 'ExomatrixTV'





Scientists Discovered 24 Planets Even Better for Life Than Earth:

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Scientists have been finding exoplanets that could be potentially habitable for some time now. There are hundreds of millions of them out there, and more found every day. There isn’t a planet like ours anywhere in the universe that we know of. But now scientists say they have found exoplanets that could be more habitable than the Earth… but do they really exist?

[ExomatrixTV]

Mind-Blowing Capabilities of the James Webb Space Telescope:

RREfYRwuhq4

[ExomatrixTV]

Are We Alone in The Galaxy? Brian Cox on Alien Life:

06jlaYGBh08

[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Telescope Launch: 30 Days of Absolute Horror:

2-QI5rCOc0I

[Ankle Biter]

James Webb Telescope Launch: 30 Days of Absolute Horror:

2-QI5rCOc0I

I'm getting stressful/anxious now.. hopefully it's all minor issues and just being meticulous. I really want this thing to work !

[ExomatrixTV]

Inside the James Webb Space Telescope’s Orbit Around the Sun:

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¤=[Post Update]=¤



Why Did The James Webb Telescope Cost So Much?

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[ExomatrixTV]

Red Dwarf Exoplanets (https://earthsky.org/space/red-dwarf-stars-superflares-red-dwarf-planets-habitability/) may be safe from Superflares
Red Dwarf Exoplanets Could Be Habitable (https://www.newsweek.com/red-dwarf-exoplanets-habitable-dodge-deadly-radiation-stars-1619643) Because They Dodge Deadly Radiation From Stars
Newfound Super-Earth (https://www.space.com/super-earth-short-orbit-nearby) has speedy orbit around Red Dwarf Star

https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/CqjSojpVndjGYQWbQ9xyWK-970-80.jpg.webp

Search for Potentially Habitable Worlds Targets Red Dwarf Stars (https://www.space.com/28853-habitable-exoplanets-red-dwarf-stars.html)

http://cdn.sci-news.com/images/2021/08/image_9935_1-L-98-59b.jpg

Five Exoplanets Orbit Nearby Red Dwarf Star (http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/five-exoplanets-red-dwarf-star-09935.html)



Seven Earth-sized Exoplanets (https://newatlas.com/seven-earth-exoplanet-red-dwarf/48056/) found Orbiting nearby Red Dwarf Star


If JWST shows definite evidence (signs/signatures) of biological life on multiple exoplanets (https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/discovery/exoplanet-catalog/) and/or is much better finding 10,000s new exo-planets nearby >>> most likely most of them are near Red Dwarfs (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_dwarf) that are much older than our Sun is thus having enough time to evolve longer than Earth is.


Plus in corroboration (help) from the biggest Radio & Gamma Telescopes worldwide pointing at all new found exp-planets is a given!

I am very exited about the bigger picture as it will shift our human attitude/paradigm & collective human consciousness also what is possible dealing with much more real UFO research ... it is all connected in my view.


The current list (https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/discovery/exoplanet-catalog/) of Exoplanets that are closest to be "Earth-like" can all be examined with a "second look" using JWST (https://projectavalon.net/forum4/showthread.php?113456-The-Power-Of-The-James-Webb-Telescope-in-Space-To-Be-Launched-in-2021)

cheers,
John Kuhles aka 'ExomatrixTV'
December 1st, 2021

[ExomatrixTV]

Signs of extra terrestrial life could be found in the next two to three years, astronomers claim

A newly discovered class of life-supporting exoplanets could bring our search for alien life tantalisingly close, Cambridge study suggests.

When it comes to hunting down signs of life on distant planets astronomers have typically played it safe. They’ve looked for Earth-sized planets, with Earth-like surface temperatures, and Earth-like atmospheres.

But now, a team of researchers from the University of Cambridge have identified a new class of habitable planets that could change the game completely. Dubbed ‘Hycean’ planets – meaning hot, ocean-covered planets with hydrogen-rich atmospheres (http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abfd9c) – the newly identified exoplanets are far greater in number and easier to spot than Earth-like planets.

And specifically hunting for Hycean planets could lead to us discovering biosignatures of life outside our Solar System within the next two or three years, they say.

Read more about exoplanets:


Can life exist around a black hole? (https://www.sciencefocus.com/space/can-life-exist-around-a-black-hole/)
Hubble’s greatest discoveries: Exoplanet atmospheres (https://www.sciencefocus.com/space/hubbles-greatest-discoveries-exoplanet-atmospheres/)
Exoplanets: Two ‘super-Earths’ discovered orbiting nearby star (https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/exoplanets-two-super-earths-discovered-orbiting-nearby-star/)

“Hycean planets open a whole new avenue in our search for life elsewhere,” said study leader Dr Nikku Madhusudhan (https://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/people/Nikku.Madhusudhan) from Cambridge’s Institute of Astronomy.

“Essentially, when we’ve been looking for these various molecular signatures, we have been focusing on planets similar to Earth, which is a reasonable place to start. But we think Hycean planets offer a better chance of finding several trace biosignatures.”

Hycean planets can be up to 2.6 times larger than Earth and have atmospheric temperatures as high as 200ºC. However, their oceanic conditions could be similar to Earth’s and so could potentially harbour microbial life. A significant proportion of the exoplanets discovered so far fall into this category.

The larger sizes, higher surface temperatures and hydrogen-rich atmospheres of Hycean planets also make their atmospheric signatures much easier to detect than Earth-like planets.

When looking for signs of life on other planets astronomers look at so-called biosignatures such as oxygen, ozone, methane and nitrous oxide, which are all present on Earth. There are also a number of other biomarkers, such as methyl chloride and dimethyl sulphide, that could suggest the existence of life on planets with hydrogen-rich atmospheres where oxygen and ozone may not be as abundant.

“A biosignature detection would transform our understanding of life in the Universe,” said Madhusudhan. “We need to be open about where we expect to find life and what form that life could take, as nature continues to surprise us in often unimaginable ways.”

The team has identified a number of Hycean planets between 35 and 150 light-years away that they hope will be prime targets for the next generation of space telescopes, such as the James Webb Space Telescope (https://www.sciencefocus.com/space/james-webb-space-telescope/) (JWST), which is due to be launched later this year.

https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/4/2021/03/james-webb-scale-80ea928.jpg


What does it mean if an exoplanet is ‘habitable’?

All forms of life that we know of depend on one critical component: liquid water. So, in the search for life, astronomers focus on planets where liquid water could exist, which they call ‘habitable’.

Every star has a ‘habitable zone’, also called the ‘Goldilocks zone’, where it is not too hot and not too cold. A planet in the habitable zone gets the right amount of energy from the star to support liquid water. Any closer in to the star and water would boil, and any further out and it would freeze.
However, this doesn’t guarantee that liquid water would exist on a planet in the habitable zone. The planet’s atmosphere could be too thick, raising the temperature even higher. And even if liquid water does exist on the planet, habitable doesn’t mean inhabited.

Read more:


Who really discovered the first exoplanet? (https://www.sciencefocus.com/space/who-really-discovered-the-first-exoplanet/)
How large was the telescope that first detected an exoplanet? (https://www.sciencefocus.com/space/how-large-was-the-telescope-that-first-detected-an-exoplanet/)

[ExomatrixTV]

NASA's James Webb Space Telescope On Track for Dec. 22 launch (https://www.livescience.com/james-webb-telescope-on-track-for-launch)

An incident during processing earlier this month didn't cause any serious problems, NASA determined.

https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/JWST_NASADesiree-Stover-1920x1256.jpg

source (https://www.livescience.com/james-webb-telescope-on-track-for-launch)




The Biggest ‘Oh No’ or 'Oh Yes!' Moment (https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2021/12/james-webb-space-telescope-clamp-nasa/620859/)in the Solar System

Everything has to go right for the James Webb Space Telescope.

https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/iXA460XrEnw8HKJZd4XwH6IfDNA=/0x0:2000x1125/976x549/media/img/mt/2021/11/SpaceJenga3/original.jpg


source (https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2021/12/james-webb-space-telescope-clamp-nasa/620859/)

[ExomatrixTV]

What Three Decades Did (https://jalopnik.com/what-three-decades-did-for-space-exploration-as-nasa-wo-1848144171) for Space Exploration As NASA Worked To Build One New Telescope

We have to get a new phone every two years because it's already outdated. How is it that after 30+ years, is the James Webb Telescope is still relevant?

https://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/c_fit,f_auto,g_center,pg_1,q_60,w_965/6c19e98824d11f69dd4306ac1cced732.jpg


source (https://jalopnik.com/what-three-decades-did-for-space-exploration-as-nasa-wo-1848144171)

--o-O-o--


A.I. (https://projectavalon.net/forum4/showthread.php?102409-A.I.-is-Progressing-Faster-Than-You-Think-) can reliably Spot Molecules on Exoplanets (https://phys.org/news/2021-12-ai-reliably-molecules-exoplanets-day.html), and might one day even Discover New Laws of Physics

https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/800a/2021/ai-can-reliably-spot-m.jpg


Artist’s impression of exoplanet KELT-11 b. Credit: Impression by Léa Changeat., Author provided


Do you know what the Earth's atmosphere is made of? You'd probably remember it's oxygen, and maybe nitrogen. And with a little help from Google you can easily reach a more precise answer: 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and 1% Argon gas. However, when it comes to the composition of exo-atmospheres—the atmospheres of planets outside our solar system—the answer is not known. This is a shame, as atmospheres can indicate the nature of planets, and whether they can host life.

As exoplanets are so far away, it has proven extremely difficult to probe their atmospheres. Research suggests that artificial intelligence (AI) may be our best bet to explore them—but only if we can show that these algorithms think in reliable, scientific ways, rather than cheating the system. Now our new paper, published in The Astrophysical Journal (https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/ac1744/meta), has provided reassuring insight into their mysterious logic.
Astronomers typically exploit the transit method (https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/faq/31/whats-a-transit/#:~:text=Most%20known%20exoplanets%20have%20been,between%20us%20and%20the%20Sun.) to investigate exoplanets, which involves measuring dips in light from a star as a planet passes in front of it. If an atmosphere is present on the planet, it can absorb a very tiny bit of light, too. By observing this event at different wavelengths—colors of light—the fingerprints of molecules can be seen in the absorbed starlight, forming recognizable patterns in what we call a spectrum. A typical signal produced by the atmosphere of a Jupiter-sized planet only reduces the stellar light by ~0.01% if the star is Sun-like. Earth-sized planets produce 10–100 times lower signals. It's a bit like spotting the eye color of a cat from an aircraft.

In the future, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST (https://jwst.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/index.html)) and the Ariel (https://arielmission.space/) Space Mission, both probes that will investigate exoplanets from their orbit in space, will help by providing high-quality spectra for thousands of exo-atmospheres. But while scientists are excited about this, the latest research (https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/abf2bb) suggests it may be tricky. Due to the complex nature of atmospheres, the analysis of a single transiting planet may take days or even weeks to complete.

Naturally, researchers have started to look for alternative tools. AI are renowned for their ability to assimilate and learn from a large amount of data and their superb performance on different tasks once trained. Scientists have therefore attempted to train AI to predict the abundance of various chemical species in atmospheres.

Current research has established that AIs are well-suited for this task (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-018-0504-2). However, scientists are meticulous and skeptical, and to prove this is really the case, they want to understand how AIs think.

https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/800a/2021/ai-can-reliably-spot-m-1.jpg

How an AI’s predictions works for blurred cat image. Author provided


Peeking inside the black box

In science, a theory or a tool cannot be adopted if it is not understood. After all, you don't want to go through the excitement of discovering life on an exoplanet, just to realize it is simply a "glitch" in the AI. The bad news is that AIs are terrible at explaining their own findings. Even AI experts have a hard time identifying what causes the network to provide a given explanation. This disadvantage has often prevented the adoption of AI techniques in astronomy and other scientific fields.

We developed a method that allows us a glimpse into the decision-making process of AI. The approach is quite intuitive. Suppose an AI has to confirm whether an image contains a cat. It would presumably do this by spotting certain characteristics, such as fur or face shape. To understand which characteristics it is referencing, and in what order, we could blur parts of the cat's image and see if it still spots that it is a cat.
This is exactly what we did for an exoplanet-probing AI by "perturbing," or changing, regions of the spectrum. By observing how the AI's predictions on the abundances of exoplanet molecules changed (say water in the atmosphere) when each region was doctored, we started to build a "picture" of how the AI thought, such as which regions of the spectrum it used for deciding the level of water in the atmosphere (https://phys.org/tags/atmosphere/).

Reassuringly for us astronomers, we found that a well-trained AI relies heavily on physical phenomena (https://phys.org/tags/physical+phenomena/), such as unique spectroscopic fingerprints—just like an astronomer would. This may come as no surprise, after all, where else can the AI learn it from? In fact, when it comes to learning, AI is not so different from a cheeky high-school student—it will try its best to avoid the hard way (such as understanding difficult mathematical concepts) and find any shortcuts (such as memorizing the mathematical formulae without understanding why) in order to get the correct answer. If the AI made predictions based on memorizing every single spectrum it had come across, that would deeply undesirable. We want the AI to derive its answer from the data, and perform well on unknown data, not just the training data for which there is a correct answer.

https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/800a/2021/ai-can-reliably-spot-m-2.jpg

We can combine features highlighted by the AI together with the original image to produce what we called a sensitivity map which outlines the areas it is looking closely at. Author provided

This finding provided the first method to have a sneaky peek into so-called "AI black-boxes," allowing us to evaluate what the AIs have learnt. With these tools, researchers now can not only use AIs to speed up their analysis of exo-atmospheres, but they can also verify that their AI uses well-understood laws of nature.

That said, it's too early to claim that we fully understand AIs. The next step is to work out precisely how important each concept is, and how it gets processed into decisions.
The prospect is exciting for AI experts, but even more so for us scientists. AI's incredible learning power originates from its ability to learn a "representation," or pattern, from the data—a technique similar to how physicists have discovered laws of nature in order to better understand our world. Having access to the minds of AI may therefore grant us the opportunity to learn new, undiscovered laws of physics.


source (https://phys.org/news/2021-12-ai-reliably-molecules-exoplanets-day.html)

[ExomatrixTV]

How NASA’s Webb Telescope Will Transform Our Place in the Universe:

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NASA's James Webb Space Telescope is the most powerful telescope in the history of humanity, and one of the most ambitious engineering projects ever attempted. It will witness the birth of stars and galaxies at the edge of time and probe alien skies for signs of life. In this new documentary from Quanta, JWST’s lead scientists and engineers discuss what inspired the telescope, how it was built, the extraordinary challenges it will face upon launch, and its potential discoveries.

To look back in time at the cosmos’s infancy and witness the first stars flicker on, you must first grind a mirror as big as a house. Its surface must be so smooth that, if the mirror were the scale of a continent, it would feature no hill or valley greater than ankle height. Only a mirror so huge and smooth can collect and focus the faint light coming from the farthest galaxies in the sky — light that left its source long ago and therefore shows the galaxies as they appeared in the ancient past, when the universe was young. The very faintest, farthest galaxies we would see still in the process of being born, when mysterious forces conspired in the dark and the first crops of stars started to shine.

But to read that early chapter in the universe’s history — to learn the nature of those first, probably gargantuan stars, to learn about the invisible matter whose gravity coaxed them into being, and about the roles of magnetism and turbulence, and how enormous black holes grew and worked their way into galaxies’ centers — an exceptional mirror is not nearly enough.

The reason no one has seen the epoch of galaxy formation is that the ancient starlight, after traveling to us through the expanding fabric of space for so many billions of years, has become stretched. Ultraviolet and visible light spewed by the farthest stars in the sky stretched to around 20-times-longer wavelengths during the journey here, becoming infrared radiation. But infrared light is the kind of atom-jiggling light we refer to as heat, the same heat that radiates from our bodies and the atmosphere and the ground beneath our feet. Alas, these local heat sources swamp the pitiful flames of primeval stars. To perceive those stars, the telescope with its big perfect mirror has to be very cold. It must be launched into space.

The catch is that a house-size mirror is too large to fit in any rocket fairing. The mirror, then, must be able to fold up. A mirror can only fold if it’s segmented — if, instead of a single, uninterrupted surface, it’s a honeycomb array of mirror segments. But in order to collectively create sharp images, the mirror segments, after autonomously unfolding in space, must be in virtually perfect alignment. Spectacularly precise motors are needed to achieve a good focus — motors that can nudge each mirror segment by increments of half the width of a virus until they’re all in place.

https://d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.net/uploads/2021/12/Sunshield_Unfolded_2K.jpg

The ability to see faint infrared sources doesn’t just grant you access to the universe’s formative chapter — roughly the period from 50 million to 500 million years after the Big Bang — it would reveal other, arguably just as significant aspects of the cosmos as well, from properties of Earth-size planets orbiting other stars to the much-contested rate at which space is expanding. But for the telescope to work, one more element is required, beyond a flawless mirror that autonomously unfolds and focuses after being shot into the sky.

Even in outer space, the Earth, moon and sun all still heat the telescope too much for it to perceive the dim twinkle of the most distant structures in the cosmos. Unless, that is, the telescope heads for a particular spot four times farther away from Earth than the moon called Lagrange point 2. There, the moon, Earth and sun all lie in the same direction, letting the telescope block out all three bodies at once by erecting a tennis court-size sunshield. Shaded in this way, the telescope can finally enter a deep chill and at long last detect the feeble heat of the cosmic dawn. The sunshield is both an infrared telescope’s only hope and its Achilles heel.

In order to unfurl to large enough proportions without weighing down a rocket, the sunshield must consist of thin fabric. (The whole observatory, for that matter, including its mirrors, cameras and other instruments, its transmitters and its power sources, must have only about 2% of the typical mass of a large ground-based telescope.) Nothing about building a giant yet lightweight infrared-sensing spacecraft is easy, but the unavoidable use of fabric makes it an inherently risky affair. Fabric is, engineers say, “nondeterministic,” its movements impossible to perfectly control or predict. If the sunshield snags as it unfurls, the whole telescope will turn into space junk.

Currently, the telescope — which has, incredibly, been built — is folded up and ready to be placed atop an Ariane 5 rocket. The rocket is scheduled for liftoff from Kourou, French Guiana, on December 22, more than 30 years after its payload, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), was first envisioned and sketched. The telescope is 14 years behind schedule and 20 times over budget. “We’ve worked as hard as we could to catch all of our mistakes and test and rehearse,” said John Mather, the Nobel Prize-winning astrophysicist who has been chief scientist of the NASA-led project for 25 years. Now, he said, “we’re going to put our zillion-dollar telescope on top of a stack of explosive material” and turn things over to fate. The assembled telescope stands tall with its mirror folded at Northrop Grumman’s facility in California. Northrop Grumman.

The story of JWST’s development over the past three decades has paralleled the tremendous progress we’ve made in our understanding of the cosmos, not least because of Webb’s predecessors. With the Hubble Space Telescope, we’ve learned that stars, galaxies and supermassive black holes existed far earlier in cosmic history than anyone expected, and that they have since undergone radical change. We’ve learned that dark matter and dark energy sculpt the cosmos. With the Kepler telescope and others, we’ve seen that all manner of planets decorate galaxies like baubles on Christmas trees, including billions of potentially habitable worlds in our Milky Way alone. These discoveries have raised questions that the James Webb Space Telescope can address. Astronomers also hope that, as with other telescopes, its sightings will raise new questions. “Every time we build new equipment,” Mather said, “we get a surprise.”

The launch will begin what the astronomer Natalie Batalha called “six months of pins and needles,” as the staggeringly complex telescope will attempt to unfold and focus itself in hundreds of steps. The observatory will spend a month floating 1 million miles to Lagrange point 2. On the way, it will transform into a celestial water lily, positioning its giant blossom of gold-plated mirror segments atop an even bigger silver leaf.
“It will be our own ‘dare mighty things’ moment,” said Grant Tremblay, an astrophysicist at Harvard University who served on the telescope’s time allocation committee. “It’s going to do amazing things. We’ll be in The New York Times talking about how this is witnessing the birth of stars at the edge of time, this is one of the earliest galaxies, this is the story of other Earths.”
“Please work,” Tremblay added, his eyes fluttering upward.


From Smooth to Lumpy

The last time NASA launched an observatory of such significance — the Hubble Space Telescope, in 1990 — it was a disaster. “Absolutely catastrophic,” the veteran astronomer Sandra Faber (https://www.ucolick.org/~faber/) told me. Faber was on the team that camped out at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, to diagnose the disorder. From the way a star in one of Hubble’s photos looked like a ring, she and a colleague inferred that the primary mirror — the big, concave one that bounced light to a secondary mirror that then reflected it onto a camera lens — had not been ground down to quite the right concavity to focus the light; it was half a wavelength too thick around the edge. If the primary and secondary mirrors had been tested together before launch, this aberration would have been noticed, but in the rush to get the long-delayed and over-budget telescope aloft, that testing never happened.

Some NASA leaders called for abandoning the telescope, which was already a controversial project. Instead, Senator Barbara Mikulski of Maryland secured the funds for a rescue mission. Fixing it was possible because, as an optical telescope that’s sensitive to the colors of the rainbow rather than to infrared light, Hubble can get a clear view from low-Earth orbit, only 340 miles up, instead of having to travel a million miles away. In 1993, the space shuttle docked with Hubble, and astronauts installed a sort of contact lens. The telescope would go on to revolutionize astronomy and cosmology.

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Perhaps the most important question about the universe for much of the 20th century was whether it had a beginning or if it has always been this way. For the British cosmologist Fred Hoyle and other believers in the latter “steady state” theory, “the compelling logic was simplicity,” said Jay Gallagher, an astronomer and professor emeritus at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. “That at one point something changed and the universe created matter, why did that have to be?” Hoyle, the steady-state proponent, attributed his rivals’ belief in the “Big Bang” (as he dubbed it) to the influence of the Book of Genesis.

Then came a hiss in a radio antenna at Bell Labs in New Jersey in 1964. The hiss was generated by microwaves arriving from everywhere in the sky, exactly as predicted by the Big Bang theory. (The light was released in an early phase transition as the hot, dense universe cooled.) The discovery of the cosmic microwave background, as it was called, did not immediately end the debate — steady-state folks like Hoyle distrusted its interpretation and clung to their theory for many more decades. But for others, who recognized the afterglow of the Big Bang when they saw it, the CMB created a puzzle. The near-perfect uniformity of microwaves coming from all parts of the sky indicated that the newborn universe was astonishingly smooth — a purée of matter. “The puzzle is we see a very lumpy universe today,” said Faber, who was a graduate student studying galaxies in the late ’60s. “So the first challenge in understanding galaxies is to understand how the universe goes from smooth to lumpy.”

Cosmologists knew atoms must have gradually clumped together because of gravity, eventually fracturing into structures like stars and galaxies. But on paper, it seemed that the growth of structure would have been extraordinarily slow. Not only was matter initially smoothly distributed, and thus pulled in no particular direction by gravity, but the expansion of space and the pressure created by light itself would both have worked to separate matter, counteracting its weak gravitational attraction.

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Enter dark matter. In the 1970s, Vera Rubin of the Carnegie Institute of Washington observed that the outskirts of galaxies rotate much faster than expected, as if whipped around by some extra, invisible source of gravity. This evidence for substantial missing matter in and around galaxies, dubbed dark matter, matched Fritz Zwicky’s 1930s observations that galaxies seem to attract each other more than they should based on their luminous matter alone. Also in the ’70s, Jim Peebles and Jerry Ostriker of Princeton University calculated (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1973ApJ...186..467O/abstract) that rotating galactic disks consisting only of stars, gas and dust should become unstable and swell into spheres; they posited that invisible matter must be creating a stronger gravitational well within which the visible disk rotates. In 1979, Faber and Gallagher wrote an influential paper (https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.aa.17.090179.001031) compiling all the evidence for dark matter, which they pegged at about 90% of the matter in the universe. (The current estimate is about 85%.)

These researchers realized that dark matter, with its substantial gravity and imperviousness to light’s pressure, could have bunched up relatively quickly in the early universe. Peebles, who won half of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics (https://www.quantamagazine.org/nobel-prize-in-physics-to-james-peebles-michel-mayor-and-didier-queloz-20191008/) for his contributions to cosmology, developed a qualitative picture in which dark matter particles would have glommed together into clumps (known as halos) that then combined into bigger and bigger clumps. The British astrophysicist Simon White demonstrated this “hierarchical clustering” process in primitive 1980s computer simulations. Though visible matter was at that time too complicated to simulate, researchers surmised that the conglomerating dark matter would have brought luminous matter along for the ride: Corralled within dark matter halos, atoms would have bumped together, heated up, sunk toward the center and eventually gravitationally collapsed into stars and disk-shaped galaxies.

Although most cosmologists became convinced of this picture, a big question was how variations in the density of matter initially set in, jump-starting the gravitational clustering process. “People had no clear idea about what were reasonable initial conditions about the formation of cosmic structure,” White, who is now retired and living in Germany, told me over Zoom. “You could run these simulations, but you didn’t have any idea what you should put in at the beginning.”

“SPECTACULAR REALIZATION,” the cosmologist Alan Guth scrawled in his notebook in 1979. He had calculated that if space suddenly blew up like the surface of a balloon at the start of the Big Bang, this would explain how it got so huge, smooth and flat. Cosmic inflation (https://www.quantamagazine.org/videos/where-did-the-universe-come-from/), as Guth dubbed the primordial growth spurt, quickly became popular as a Big Bang add-on. Cosmologists soon noted (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983veu..conf.....G/abstract) that, during inflation, quantum fluctuations in the fabric of space would have gotten frozen in as space blew up, producing subtle density variations throughout the universe. The putative dense spots created by inflation could have served as the seeds of future structures.

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In 1979, Alan Guth realized that a burst of exponential expansion at the start of the Big Bang would explain several puzzling properties of the universe.

On loan to the Adler Planetarium’s collection by Dr. Alan Guth

These tiny density variations were indeed measured in the CMB in the early 1990s — the feat that earned John Mather, the Webb telescope’s top scientist, his Nobel. But even before they were measured, people like Faber were working the dense spots into the plot. In 1984, she and three co-authors published a paper in Nature (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984Natur.311..517B/abstract) that strung everything together. “It’s the first soup-to-nuts description of how inflation can make fluctuations and what the fluctuations would do later to make galaxies,” she said.
But the story was speculative from start to finish. And even if it was broadly true, key dates and details were unknown.

One of the Hubble telescope’s most impactful discoveries, and a major impetus for building its successor, the Webb, occurred in 1995, two years after its corrective lens was installed. Bob Williams, then the director of the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, the operations center for Hubble as it will be for Webb, decided at the suggestion of some postdocs to devote all 100 hours of his “director’s discretionary time,” with which he could point Hubble wherever he wanted, to pointing it at nothing — a dark, featureless little patch of sky narrower than a thumbnail moon. The idea was to look for any incredibly faint, distant objects that might have been hiding beyond the reach of less sensitive telescopes.

Colleagues thought this was a waste. The late John Bahcall tried to talk Williams out of it. Bahcall and his wife, Neta Bahcall, well-known astrophysicists, were typical in thinking that structures like stars and galaxies arose relatively late in cosmic history. If so, then trying to resolve faint, faraway, long-ago objects wouldn’t work, because none would exist. The Bahcalls and many other theorists thought Williams’ photo would come out dark.

But during the 100-hour exposure, the lid of a treasure chest opened: The small rectangle of space glittered with thousands of galaxies of all shapes, sizes and hues. Astronomers were stunned.

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Taken over 10 days in December 1995, the Hubble Deep Field photo revealed about 3,000 galaxies within a patch of sky about one-twelfth the width of the moon.

Robert Williams and the Hubble Deep Field Team (STScI (http://www.stsci.edu/)) and NASA (http://www.nasa.gov/)/ESA (http://www.esa.int/)

Farther-away galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field photo appear redder, since their light has traveled longer through expanding space to get here and therefore has been stretched, or “redshifted,” to longer wavelengths. Through this color-coding, the Deep Field image provides a 3D view of the cosmos and a timeline of galaxy evolution. Galaxies appear at all ages and stages of development — proof that the universe has changed radically over time. “Gone out of the window, never to be heard from again, was the steady-state theory,” said Faber. “That was a great intellectual breakthrough, that you could take one picture with a telescope, you could look back in time, and you could see that the universe was a different beast back then.”

The photo showed that bright objects formed in the universe far more quickly than most experts expected. This bolstered the theory that they didn’t form on the strength of their gravity alone, but were carried on the backs of merging dark matter halos.
Galaxies in early times were strange-looking — small and disheveled, like ugly ducklings that would take billions of years to grow into swans. “The beautiful universe with the beautiful [spiral and elliptical galaxies] of today is really kind of a late development,” Faber said, “and that too was visible in the picture.” Some of the duckling galaxies were colliding and merging, supporting the hierarchical clustering theory of cosmic structure growth. And clumps of stars in the long-ago galaxies were surprisingly bright, indicating that the stars were far more massive and luminous than modern, sun-type stars.

Astronomers observed that most galaxies reached peak luminosity, forming stars most quickly, around “redshift 2” — the distance from which light has stretched to twice its emitted wavelength by the time it gets here, corresponding to about 2 billion years after the Big Bang. After that, for reasons now thought to relate to the mysterious supermassive black holes growing at galaxies’ centers, many galaxies dimmed.
The most striking thing about the timeline of galaxy evolution visible in the Deep Field photo, though, was that there’s no beginning in sight. As far as Hubble’s glass eye could see, there were galaxies. In even deeper-field photos taken with upgraded cameras that astronauts installed on the telescope later, smudges of light have been tentatively spotted as far off as redshift 10, which corresponds to around 500 million years after the Big Bang. It’s now thought likely that structures started forming hundreds of millions of years before that.

But galaxies in the process of forming, their matter somehow fragmenting into stars for the first time, are both too far and too faint for Hubble to detect, and too redshifted: The light from these galaxies has stretched straight out of the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum and into the infrared. To see them, we need a bigger, infrared-sensing telescope.

“What Hubble succeeded in doing with the Hubble Deep Field is finding that there were galaxies at redshifts much higher than we thought,” Neta Bahcall told me. “A question for James Webb is when did it start, and how did it start so early.”


Planets Out the Wazoo

In October 1995, two months before Hubble stared at nothing and glimpsed the history of time, the Swiss astronomer Michel Mayor announced another major discovery at a conference in Florence, Italy: He and his graduate student, Didier Queloz, had spotted a planet orbiting another star.

In the back of the auditorium at Mayor’s talk, Natalie Batalha, then a graduate student from California, failed to register the importance of what she had just heard. “It’s funny how these things happen, because in retrospect it was a pivotal moment,” Batalha said recently, framed by three planets orbiting a star in her virtual background. “It was the dawn of this new era of exoplanet exploration, but was also a transformational moment in my life, and I didn’t know it yet.”

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Didier Queloz (left) and Michel Mayor in 1995, shortly after the publication of the Nature paper announcing the discovery of the exoplanet 51 Pegasi b.

Courtesy of Didier Queloz

At the time, exoplanet searching was a scientific backwater, and Mayor and Queloz’s method had seemed like a long shot (https://www.pnas.org/content/117/2/799). Using a spectrograph, which splits starlight into its color components, they monitored more than 100 sunlike stars hoping to detect a Doppler shift, where an object looks bluer or redder when it’s approaching or receding, respectively. This could indicate that the star is wobbling because it is disturbed by the gravity of an orbiting planet. The technique seemed far-fetched because a planet would have to be ludicrously heavy and close to its host star to set the star wobbling enough to be seen with the best available spectrographs. Yet when Mayor and Queloz looked at 51 Pegasi, a sunlike star 50 light-years away, the wobble was huge: Eliminating other possibilities, they determined that a Jupiter-size planet whips around the star once every 4.2 days, eight times closer in than Mercury’s distance from our sun.

Not only had Mayor and Queloz bagged an exoplanet (and, eventually, the other half of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics, shared with Peebles), the planet itself, 51 Pegasi b, single-handedly upended the textbook understanding of what solar systems are like. As the planetary scientist Heidi Hammel put it, “We had been taught a lovely fairy tale about how our solar system formed,” one designed to explain why rocky planets lie close to a star while giant gas and ice planets form far away. So what was 51 Pegasi b, a “hot Jupiter,” doing practically grazing its sun?

Batalha remembers the audience’s reaction in Florence to Mayor’s presentation — silence. Soon enough, though, skepticism gave way to more hot-Jupiter discoveries. And as telescopes and techniques improved, other exoplanets showed up as well. Sixteen years after that day in Florence, Batalha would lead the NASA team that discovered the first confirmed rocky exoplanet, Kepler 10b.


Much much more info here (https://www.quantamagazine.org/why-nasas-james-webb-space-telescope-matters-so-much-20211203/) (article continues ...). :dog:

[Le Chat]

Thanks, John. I really enjoyed reading this...

[ExomatrixTV]

Will We See A Supernova Explosion In The Sky in 2022 (https://projectavalon.net/forum4/showthread.php?117047-Will-We-See-A-Supernova-Explosion-In-The-Sky-in-2022)

[ExomatrixTV]

DARPA-Warp-Bubble-2021 (http://tinyurl.com/DARPA-Warp-Bubble-2021)



Why it’s time to get excited about the James Webb Space Telescope (https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/why-its-time-to-get-excited-about-the-james-webb-space-telescope/)

[ExomatrixTV]

What's Different About the James Webb Telescope?

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very well done video!

cheers,
John

[ExomatrixTV]

We Might Discover Humanoid Aliens on Teegarden-b

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Here's how we might find human aliens on the exoplanet Teegarden b... Teegarden b is the most earth-like planet ever found. It is 95% similar to earth, based on the Habitable Exoplanets Catalogue. But could humans already be living there? At 12.5 light years away, with current technology it would take 19,500 years to reach Teegarden b! But what if when we reach the planet, we find humans are already there?

[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Telescopes Terrifying Discovery Awaiting NASA:

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[ExomatrixTV]

The James Webb Space Telescope L-30 Briefings: Science Goals:

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https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14041

[ExomatrixTV]

The $11-Billion Webb Telescope Aims to Probe the Early Universe & Exoplanets!


Three decades after it was conceived, Hubble’s successor is set for launch. Here’s why astronomers around the world can’t wait.

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The 6.5-metre-wide primary mirror of the James Webb Space Telescope is folded up for launch. Credit: NASA/Chris Gunn

Lisa Dang wasn’t even born when astronomers started planning the most ambitious and complex space observatory ever built. Now, three decades later, NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is finally about to launch, and Dang has scored some of its first observing time — in a research area that didn’t even exist when it was being designed.

Dang, an astrophysicist and graduate student at McGill University in Montreal, Canada, will be using the telescope, known as Webb for short, to stare at a planet beyond the Solar System. Called K2-141b, it is a world so hot that its surface is partly molten rock. She is one of dozens of astronomers who learnt in March that they had won observing time on the telescope. The long-awaited Webb — a partnership involving NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) — is slated to lift off from a launch pad in Kourou, French Guiana, no earlier than 22 December.

If everything goes to plan, Webb will remake astronomy by peering at cosmic phenomena such as the most distant galaxies ever seen, the atmospheres of far-off planets and the hearts of star-forming regions swaddled in dust. Roughly 100 times more powerful than its predecessor, the Hubble Space Telescope, which has transformed our understanding of the cosmos over the past 31 years, Webb will reveal previously hidden aspects of the Universe.

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The Webb telescope will spend hundreds of hours surveying this patch of sky, seen here in an image from the Hubble Space Telescope that captures 7,500 galaxies, some more than 13 billion years old.Credit: NASA, ESA, Rogier Windhorst (ASU), S. Cohen (ASU), M. Mechtley (ASU), M. Rutkowski (ASU), Robert O'Connell (UVA), P. McCarthy (OCIW), N. Hathi (UC Riverside), R. Ryan (UC Davis), Haojing Yan (OSU), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI)

“Webb has such transformative capabilities that — to me — it’s going to be the ‘before’ times and the ‘after’ times,” says Jane Rigby, an astrophysicist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, who serves as Webb’s operations project scientist.

But if anything goes wrong, it will be an ignominious setback to what is already the most expensive astronomical gamble in history. The telescope took decades and more than US$10 billion to develop, and frequent delays repeatedly ate into NASA’s astrophysics budget. Just this year, the telescope has been enveloped in controversy over whether it ought to remain named after James Webb, who headed NASA in the 1960s when a NASA employee was fired on suspicion of being gay. Webb also held a high-ranking position in the US Department of State in the late 1940s and early 1950s, at a time when that department was systematically rooting out and firing gay and lesbian people because of their sexual orientation.

When the telescope lifts off after so many delays and so much debate, it will carry with it the hopes of thousands of astronomers around the world. “There aren’t many times in your life when you’re on the cusp of such a big thing,” says Heidi Hammel, an astronomer and vice-president for science at the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy in Washington DC, who has worked on Webb for decades. “There are a lot of emotions.”


Decades of development

The first glimmers of what would become Webb arose at a workshop at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1989. It was the year before the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope, and scientists were already thinking about how to follow up that transformative observatory. What ultimately emerged were plans for a space telescope with a 6.5-metre-wide primary mirror, nearly three times the size of Hubble’s, and made up of 18 hexagonal segments. The mirror is so large that it must be folded up like origami during launch and unfurled once in space. Shading it will be a kite-shaped sunshield the size of a tennis court, made of five aluminium-coated layers that block the Sun’s heat and keep the telescope cool enough to operate.

Webb’s overall cost was originally estimated at $1 billion — an appraisal few believed even then — and has since ballooned. NASA provided US$9.7 billion, including funds to cover operating costs in space; €700 million (US$810 million) came from ESA; and the CSA contributed Can$200 million (US$160 million). The project’s skyrocketing costs drew intense scrutiny from government auditors as well as perennial questions as to whether it would be worth its unprecedented price tag. “To be truly transformational in a field, you have to build the tool you need,” says Hammel. “This is what it costs to do this.”

Plagued by repeated cancellations and design changes, the telescope finally took shape in laboratories around the world and was then assembled at Goddard. It was later combined with the rest of the observatory at Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems in Redondo Beach, California. There, Webb ran into even more trouble when technicians damaged it by using the wrong solvent to clean propulsion valves. Later, screws literally came loose during testing.

Now, 32 years after its conception, Webb is finally sitting at the spaceport in Kourou in preparation for launch. It is destined for a point in space 1.5 million kilometres from Earth — too far away for astronauts to visit and fix the telescope if something goes wrong. Hubble required an after-launch repair in 1993, when astronauts used the space shuttle to get to the Earth-orbiting observatory and install corrective optics for its primary mirror, which had been improperly ground.

If it launches successfully, Webb will probe the cosmos in the near- to mid-infrared wavelengths, most of which are longer than Hubble can see. That means Webb can study light that has travelled from faraway galaxies and been stretched to redder wavelengths by the expansion of the Universe. Webb will also be able to study dust that enshrouds star-forming regions as well as the gas between the stars, both of which are not as visible at shorter wavelengths. Like Hubble, it will be able to take spectra of astronomical objects, meaning it can split their light into components to determine what they are made of.

Earth’s atmosphere interferes with most ground-based infrared astronomical studies. Space-based telescopes, such as ESA’s Herschel Space Observatory, which operated between 2009 and 2013, have explored the Universe in infrared light before. But Webb’s enormous mirror and suite of sensitive instruments (see ‘New eye in the sky’) mean that its discoveries will surpass those of any previous infrared space telescope, scientists say. “It’s going to change a lot of what we know about a lot of areas of astronomy,” says Jeyhan Kartaltepe, an astronomer at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York.

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Graphic: Nik Spencer/Nature; ‘Cold telescope’ main image: NASA GSFC/CIL/Adriana Manrique Gutierrez

Because it can spot faint red objects, Webb is primed to observe some of the first stars and galaxies to form after the Big Bang created the Universe 13.8 billion years ago. Webb will almost certainly shatter the record for the most distant galaxy ever observed, which is currently held by an unassuming galaxy named GN-z11 that lies 13.4 billion light years from Earth1 (https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-03620-1#ref-CR1),2 (https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-03620-1#ref-CR2).

One large study will look at a region of sky that is the size of three full Moons, aiming to capture half a million galaxies in it. This survey, known as COSMOS-Webb, builds on an ongoing project that has used nearly every major ground- and space-based telescope to study the same patch of sky, which lies along the celestial equator and can be seen from both the Northern and Southern hemispheres. Webb will look at this field for more than 200 hours, making it the biggest project for the observatory’s first year of science and creating a rich data set for astronomers to mine for discoveries. Webb’s infrared view will probe, for instance, the period from around 400,000 years to 1 billion years after the Big Bang, when the first stars and galaxies lit up the Universe. This epoch, known as the cosmic reionization era, set the stage for today’s galaxies to evolve. “There’s a lot we don’t know about that time period,” says Kartaltepe, who co-leads COSMOS-Webb.

By observing these extremely distant astronomical objects, scientists can answer questions such as how the first stars assembled into galaxies and how those galaxies evolved over time. Getting a better picture of galaxy formation in the early Universe will help astronomers to understand how the modern cosmos came to be.
 Mariska Kriek, an astronomer at Leiden Observatory in the Netherlands, plans to use Webb to study distant galaxies that are no longer forming stars. The observations will reveal the chemical composition of stars in those galaxies and the velocities at which they are moving. Those data, in turn, will help Kriek to unravel the mystery of how and why these galaxies stopped forming stars at some point in their history, unlike galaxies that did not stop3 (https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-03620-1#ref-CR3). “We’re looking for a very, very faint signal,” she says. “This is really what James Webb is going to open up.”

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https://projectavalon.net//media.nature.com/lw800/magazine-assets/d41586-021-03620-1/d41586-021-03620-1_19941530.png Graphic: Nik Spencer/Nature


Peering at distant planets

When not looking at stars and galaxies, Webb will spend a lot of its time scrutinizing planets, particularly some of the thousands that have been discovered beyond the Solar System. It can watch as a planet slips across the face of a star and the star’s light briefly shines through the planet’s atmosphere. Webb’s spectral analysis can reveal the composition of planetary atmospheres in greater detail than ever before — and astronomers are particularly keen to find molecules such as methane and water, which signal conditions that could support life. In its first year, Webb will study some of the most famous exoplanets, including the seven Earth-sized worlds that orbit the star TRAPPIST-1.

Dang will observe several exoplanets using Webb, but the project she is leading will explore the world K2-141b, which is just 1.5 times the size of Earth and travels so close to its star that part of it is molten. It is an example of a rare ‘lava planet’ with a geology unlike anything known in the Solar System. Webb’s infrared vision might detect minerals in K2-141b’s atmosphere that have been vaporized off its surface, and the observatory might even map temperatures across the planet. “Webb is opening a lot of avenues for exoplanet science that didn’t exist before,” says Dang.

The repeated delays in developing and building Webb actually worked to the benefit of exoplanet scientists, says Néstor Espinoza, an astronomer at the Space Telescope Science Institute. At one point, Webb was scheduled to launch in 2011, but astronomers didn’t confirm the first atmosphere around an exoplanet until 20054 (https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-03620-1#ref-CR4),5 (https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-03620-1#ref-CR5). Webb’s delays gave them more time to tweak its instruments to suit the study of exoplanet atmospheres. “We are much better poised now than if JWST were launched in 2011,” says Espinoza.

https://media.nature.com/lw800/magazine-assets/d41586-021-03620-1/d41586-021-03620-1_19941532.png
https://projectavalon.net//media.nature.com/lw800/magazine-assets/d41586-021-03620-1/d41586-021-03620-1_19941532.png Graphic: Nik Spencer/Nature

Webb will target a wide range of exoplanets, including gas giants and the class of planets that are larger than Earth but smaller than Neptune, which are the most common type of exoplanet discovered so far.

Closer to home, Webb will have plenty of objects to look at. Astronomers hope to use its wide range of wavelengths to reveal previously unseen details of the Solar System’s residents. The colour and surface chemistry of the icy worlds in orbits near Pluto and beyond, for example, could help to reveal secrets of the Solar System’s origins. Hammel and others plan to use the telescope to study the upper atmospheres of the ice giants Neptune and Uranus, the chemical make-ups of which are best seen in the infrared. By linking studies of the upper atmosphere with those of the lower atmosphere, seen at other wavelengths by other telescopes, scientists can obtain a 3D picture of how a planet’s atmosphere behaves. This, in turn, can illuminate the workings of similar giant planets beyond the Solar System.


Final hurdles

Although some scientists see benefits in the delays, many more have criticized NASA and its contractors over the years for the numerous problems in developing Webb. The telescope was strongly endorsed in a 2001 report setting out a road map for US astronomy, but NASA struggled, particularly between 2002 and 2008, to develop the many technologies required for such a complex observatory, such as the sunshield. A scathing report from an independent review in 2010 noted that key problems stemmed from NASA underestimating the time and money required: “This resulted in a project that was simply not executable within the budgeted resources,” it concluded.

NASA restructured the management of the project in response, but in 2018, another independent review again slammed the agency for insufficient oversight. Costs were forecast to rise by another $800 million, and the launch was delayed by nearly a year — and was then further held up because of problems at Northrop Grumman and challenges stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic. Earlier this year, the controversy over the telescope’s naming broke out; NASA announced in October that it had no plans to change the name, following a historical investigation into James Webb’s actions. Many astronomers, however, have expressed unhappiness with the limited information that NASA has released about the scope of that investigation.

Then, less than a month before a scheduled launch date of 18 December, Webb hit yet another hurdle. At the facility in Kourou, a band that clamped the telescope to the launch vehicle released unexpectedly, causing vibrations. NASA investigated and concluded that the vibration did not cause any damage.

https://media.nature.com/lw800/magazine-assets/d41586-021-03620-1/d41586-021-03620-1_19941534.png Graphic: Nik Spencer/Nature; Infrared simulations: Madeline Marshall (Univ. Melbourne)

If and when Webb finally lifts off, which is always a risky procedure, the telescope faces a carefully choreographed six-month sequence of events that starts with unfolding and deploying the sunshield, then unfolding and deploying the primary and secondary mirrors. The telescope will begin cooling down as it travels towards its final orbit around the gravitationally stable point in space known as L2, or the second Lagrange point. At this location, Webb will always be pointed away from the Sun with Earth at its back, allowing it to see distant objects while the sunshield keeps it cool.

Then come two months of synchronizing and aligning the mirrors and telescope optics, and a month of calibrating the instruments. By June 2022, if all goes well, Webb will finally be ready for science.

Astronomers have planned the next steps carefully. “We have to hit the ground running and work very quickly,” says Kartaltepe. First will come a set of ‘early release’ observations. Their contents are closely guarded but will probably involve a series of jaw-dropping images chosen to show off the telescope’s capabilities. After that will come a series of general observations, the data from which NASA will release immediately to the astronomical community. One such project will look at infrared galaxies that formed as a result of violent galactic collisions. “We are the first guinea pigs to see what data will come off JWST and how we will analyse that data,” says Vivian U, an astronomer at the University of California, Irvine, who works on the project. “I know I’m standing on the shoulders of giants.”

Astronomers who spent years working to build Webb’s instruments have been guaranteed observing time, as have six scientists, including Hammel, who are tasked with pursuing research of interdisciplinary interest. After that come the proposals led by principal investigators. Astronomers in Europe will get at least 15%of the observing time, and ones in Canada will have at least 5%, for their space agencies’ contributions to Webb. Proposals are assessed using dual-anonymous peer review, in which reviewers and proposers do not know each other’s names — a practice that has been shown to reduce gender bias in allocating telescope time 6 (https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-03620-1#ref-CR6).

Webb is expected to operate for at least five years and perhaps up to ten, a lifetime dictated by the amount of fuel that it uses to orient itself in space. In the meantime, the ageing Hubble continues to limp along. It was last upgraded by astronauts in 2009, and has been slowly degrading since then. A computer failure knocked it offline in June, and engineers had to switch to a back-up system before getting it working again in July. Hubble’s science instruments also went offline in October owing to internal communications problems. Engineers restored all of the instruments to operation in early December.

After many years of waiting, astronomers are more than ready for Webb to pick up the baton of discovery from Hubble. “I’m probably most excited for the things we don’t know yet,” says Kriek.

Nature 600, 208-212 (2021)


source (https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-03620-1)

[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Space Telescope: A Giant Leap towards 'Other Earths'?

https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/800a/2021/one-of-the-james-webb.jpg

One of the James Webb telescope's missions is to look for conditions that could sustain life outside our solar system.
There is only one Earth... that we know of.

But outside our own solar system, other stars give warmth and light to planets and, possibly, life.

Soon to offer a better look at these so-called exoplanets is NASA's new James Webb telescope, which is set to launch this month and become the largest and most powerful observatory in orbit.

One of its major missions is to look for conditions that could sustain life outside our solar system, where scientists have only recently been able to look for it.
The first exoplanet observed—51 Pegasi b—was discovered in 1995 and since then nearly 5,000 others have been noted, from gas giants similar to our solar system's Jupiter or Neptune to rocky planets (https://phys.org/tags/rocky+planets/) like Earth.

Some are a habitable distance from their suns, in a range fancifully named the Goldilocks Zone.

But beyond being neither too close to, nor too far from the stars they orbit, little is known about these planets or what they are made of.

They are too far away to be observed directly and rocky planets, which are more susceptible to be capable of sustaining life as we know it, tend to be even smaller and harder to observe.

So far, astronomers have detected them as they pass in front of the stars they orbit, capturing tiny variations in luminosity.

This has allowed them to determine their size and density but the rest—their atmospheric composition (https://phys.org/tags/atmospheric+composition/), what's going on on their surfaces—is left to discover.

https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/800a/2021/the-mid-infrared-instr.jpg

The Mid-Infrared Instrument will use a camera and a spectrograph to see mid-infrared light invisible to the human eye.


'Look at their innards'

Astrophysicists hope the Webb telescope will help fill in some of these gaps.

Equipped with a new piece of technology called the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI), it will use a camera and a spectrograph to see light in the mid-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum, invisible to the human eye.

"It will revolutionise how we see planets' atmospheres. We're going to get a look at their innards!" said Pierre-Oliver Lagage of the French space agency who worked on MIRI with a US and European team.

Pierre Ferruit, a Webb project scientist at the European Space Agency, explained that MIRI will be able to read the infrared signature of light filtered through various substances in planets atmospheres as they pass in front of their stars.

In this way, Ferruit told AFP, scientists should be able to tell whether they contain molecules like water vapour (https://phys.org/tags/water+vapour/), carbon monoxide and methane.
Those three substances are present in Earth's atmosphere (https://phys.org/tags/atmosphere/) and could potentially signal biological activity on a planet's surface.

"To think that twenty years ago we knew of almost no exoplanets and now we are about to find out what their atmospheres are made of—it's huge," Ferruit said.


Trappist-1

Rene Doyon is head of the Institute for Research on Exoplanets in Montreal and main scientist on another of the Webb's instruments, the Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph.

https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/800a/2021/scientists-should-be-a.jpg Scientists should be able to tell whether exoplanets' atmospheres contain molecules like water vapor, carbon monoxide and methane.

"My dream would be to find an atmosphere around a rocky planet in a habitable zone (https://phys.org/tags/habitable+zone/) with water molecules (https://phys.org/tags/water+molecules/)," Doyon told AFP, describing three conditions that would make life as we know it on Earth possible. But there are pitfalls: on Venus for example scientists recently thought they found phosphine, associated with biological activity on Earth. Subsequent research, however, showed there were no traces of the gas.

Doyon said finding the origins of biological molecules will probably be "beyond the capabilities" of the Webb telescope. "That will be for later," confirmed Ferruit. "For now we are looking for conditions that are favourable to life, like the presence of liquid water." ... Such clues will narrow the focus of future missions that aim to discover "whether the Earth is one of a kind, or not".

Webb is already set to probe a system around the planetary system Trappist-1, around 40 light years from Earth, which was discovered by Belgian scientists who named it after famous beer-brewing monks.

It has seven planets (https://phys.org/tags/planets/), of which three are in a Goldilocks zone and orbit a dwarf star, whose not-too-bright light will make it easier to detect the composition of the atmosphere.

Other instruments for direct observation (https://phys.org/tags/direct+observation/) will allow Webb to examine the atmospheres of "hot Jupiters" or "mini Neptunes", said Doyon.

He said he expects new categories of exoplanets could be discovered along with plenty of surprises. "Surprise is what exoplanet discovery is made of," he said.


source (https://phys.org/news/2021-12-james-webb-space-telescope-giant.html)

[ExomatrixTV]

https://cdn.theatlantic.com/thumbor/BazODOzX_-SwZ4g1i-N55xDRobo=/0x0:2000x1125/960x540/media/img/mt/2021/12/telescope-1/original.gif


source (https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2021/12/james-webb-space-telescope-lagrange-point/620935/)

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[ExomatrixTV]

The Revolutionary James Webb Space Telescope:

nBCQ5bAQ_Y0


NASAs $10 Billion Time Machine Launching Into Space! James Webb Space Telescope Ready:

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[ExomatrixTV]

Why James Webb Is Ready To Rewrite Cosmic History?

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How The JWST Is Basically A $10 Billion Time Machine:

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[ExomatrixTV]

Fingers Crossed for the James Webb Space Telescope - Sixty Symbols

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[ExomatrixTV]

The Insane Engineering of James Webb Telescope:

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[ExomatrixTV]

Cosmic Queries — James Webb Space Telescope with Neil deGrasse Tyson and Natalie Batalha:

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[ExomatrixTV]

Cosmic Breakthrough: Women in the Hunt for Planet B | SXSW 2021:

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Are we alone? This dynamic panel of eminent scientists and engineers will discuss the search for life in the universe. With the discovery of thousands of exoplanets (https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/) and the huge James Webb Space Telescope launching this year, a new golden age of astronomy is dawning—and these women are at the heart of it. With Natalie Batalha, Amy Lo, Sara Seager, Jill Tarter, Maggie Turnbull; moderated by Nathaniel Kahn.


thehuntforplanetb.com (https://www.thehuntforplanetb.com/)

https://cnncreativemarketing.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/CNNfilm_THFPB_KA_1920x1080.jpg


https://cnncreativemarketing.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/THEHUNTFORPLANETB60.mp4


source (https://cnncreativemarketing.com/project/the-hunt-for-planet-b/)
IMDb (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt13848014/)

Nathaniel Khan on THE HUNT FOR PLANET B (SXSW Interview):

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The Hunt for Planet B (https://www.loudandclearreviews.com/the-hunt-for-planet-b-sxsw-review/): A Masterful Doc of the Stars (SXSW Review)
Why ‘The Hunt For Planet B (https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamiecartereurope/2021/04/02/why-the-hunt-for-planet-b-is-an-impossible-task-but-one-thats-already-changing-our-world/)’ Is An Impossible Task—But One That’s Already Changing Our World
Another Earth is Undoubtedly Out There': MIT Astrophysicist (https://edition.cnn.com/videos/business/2021/11/11/webb-telescope-search-for-life-hunt-for-planet-b-cnn-film-ron.cnn/video/playlists/planet-b-telescope/)

"The Hunt for Planet B" follows scientists as they build and plan for the launch of NASA's Webb Telescope, the most powerful and complex space telescope. Watch the film on CNN this Saturday at 9:00 p.m. ET.

[TEOTWAIKI]

Pillars of Creation comparison photo between Hubble and JWT:

https://esahubble.org/images/heic1501c/

If you zoom in on the ir image you will see things you never imagined were in outer space :)

[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Space Telescope given revised 24 December 2021 launch (https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59692930)

https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/179AF/production/_122278669_896ec955-421b-4831-a882-ddd36ab9d175.jpg

US and European officials have confirmed 24 December for the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).

Engineers completed final checks on Friday before closing the observatory behind the nose cone of its Ariane rocket.

Everything is on track now for a lift-off from the Kourou spaceport in French Guiana next Friday at 09:20 local time (12:20 GMT).

Webb is the $10bn (£7.6bn) successor to the Hubble Space Telescope.

The new observatory has been designed to look deeper into the Universe than its predecessor and, as a consequence, detect events occurring further back in time - more than 13.5 billion years ago.

Scientists also expect to use its more advanced capabilities to study the atmospheres of distant planets in the hope that signs of life might be detected.


.A $10bn machine in search of the end of darkness (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-59476869)
The lowdown on the most powerful space telescope (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-59419110)
Hubble successor faces 'two weeks of terror' (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-59138682)


https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/16CDD/production/_122050439_jwst_hubble_comparison_2x640-nc.png

The US space agency Nasa, which leads the Webb project, and its partner the European Space Agency (Esa), released pictures on Saturday showing the moment of Webb's encapsulation.

The giant fairing that will protect the telescope as it climbs through the atmosphere was lowered into place with the aid of guide lasers.

The pictures are the last we will see of Webb and its golden mirrors on Earth. The next time we'll get a view of the observatory that has taken 30 years to design and build will be when it comes off the top of the rocket at the end of its 30-minute ascent.

Video camera has been installed on the Ariane to show the telescope moving away into the distance to begin its mission. Engineers had put the launch on hold for a few days while they investigated a troublesome communications cable carrying data from Webb to ground-support equipment. Once this was fixed, the final "aliveness" tests on the telescope's subsystems could be run.

https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/13FEE/production/_122220918_fairing.jpg
Image caption, Artwork: The clamshell-shaped fairing will protect Webb as it climbs to space

Thomas Zurbuchen, Nasa's director of science, said the joint US-European team working on getting Webb ready would continue to be cautious right up to the moment of launch.

"We're not taking any risks with Webb," he told reporters on Thursday. "It's already risky enough the way it is. We're absolutely making sure that everything works."

Arianespace, the French company that manages operations in Kourou, will hold a launch readiness review on Tuesday. Assuming no issues come up, the Ariane vehicle, with Webb bolted on top, will then roll out to the pad.

The rocket will have a half-hour window in which to get off the ground on Friday.

https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/135DD/production/_122252397_exoplanet.jpgImage source, IAU/L.Calçada
Image caption, Artwork: Webb will investigate the gases in the atmospheres of distant worlds

If bad weather or minor technical issues intervene, there are launch opportunities on 25 and 26 December, after which teams would have to stand down for a day to allow production of hydrogen and oxygen propellants at the spaceport to catch up.

"We reproduce the oxygen and the hydrogen on the spot and we have the capacity for three full fillings [of the Ariane rocket]," explained Daniel Neuenschwander, the director of space transportation at Esa.

The Ariane carries a number of modifications for the upcoming flight.

In particular, special vents have been put in the sides of the nose cone fairing to ensure there is an even loss of pressure during the climb to orbit. This will ensure there is no abrupt change in environment that might damage the telescope when the fairing panels are discarded.

The rocket will throw Webb on to a path that will take it to an observing station some 1.5 million kilometres from Earth.

This journey should last a month, during which time the telescope will unfold its 6.5m-diameter primary mirror and the tennis court-sized shield intended to protect its observations of the cosmos from the Sun's light and heat.


https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/10ECD/production/_122252396_jwst_annotated_2x640-nc.png

Webb's goal is to image the earliest objects to form after the Big Bang. These are theorised to be colossal stars, grouping together in the first galaxies. Webb will also probe the atmospheres of planets outside our Solar System - so-called exoplanets - to see if they hold gases that might hint at the presence of biology. "Webb will have an opportunity to study these exoplanets and answer the fundamental questions that we astronomers ask ourselves, and the public alike - are we alone? Is Earth unique? Do we have other planets out there that can host life? These are very ambitious questions that speak to all of us," said Antonella Nota, Esa's Webb project scientist.


source (https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59692930)

[ExomatrixTV]

Nasa/Esa's James Webb Space Telescope officially set to launch December 24, 2021:

https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/onxdaFB2TZE568tk3Hwhtg-970-80.jpg.webpNasa/Esa's James Webb Space Telescope is seen during payload fairing encapsulation ahead of its installation atop its Ariane 5 rocket for a Dec. 24, 2021 launch from the Guiana Space Center in Kourou, French Guiana. (Image credit: ESA-M.Pedoussaut)

NASA's newest flagship observatory is about to begin an incredible journey and now has an official launch date.

The James Webb Space Telescope (https://www.space.com/21925-james-webb-space-telescope-jwst.html) is expected to launch in a week, on Dec. 24 at 7:20 a.m. EST (1220 GMT or 9:20 a.m. local time in French Guiana), and has been packed up inside the nose cone of its Ariane 5 rocket for the trip.

"Late yesterday, teams at the launch site successfully completed encapsulation of the observatory inside the Ariane 5 (https://www.space.com/40551-ariane-5-rocket.html) rocket that will launch it to space," NASA officials wrote in an update (https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/2021/12/18/nasas-webb-space-telescope-launch-confirmed-for-dec-24/) today (Dec. 18). The news comes as NASA and Arianespace, builder of the Ariane 5, worked to fix a data cable issue (https://www.space.com/jwst-launch-delay-due-to-faulty-data-cable) that delayed the mission from a Dec. 22 launch target.

A final launch readiness review will be held Tuesday (Dec. 21) to make sure the Webb space telescope is ready for launch. If so, its Ariane 5 rocket will roll out to the launch pad at the Guiana Space Center (https://www.space.com/33949-guiana-space-center.html) in Kourou, French Guiana on Wednesday.


Live Updates:Nasa/Esa's James Webb Space Telescope launch (https://www.space.com/news/live/james-webb-space-telescope-updates)

Agency officials are framing Webb as a successor to the venerable Hubble Space Telescope (https://www.space.com/15892-hubble-space-telescope.html), which means Webb has a big mandate to fill. Hubble's topline science (https://www.space.com/17-amazing-hubble-discoveries.html) includes showing the universe is accelerating in its expansion, finding new moons around Pluto, and helping to construct 3-D maps of dark matter (https://www.space.com/20930-dark-matter.html).

With the $9.8 billion Webb ready to pick up the baton after years of developmental delays, scientists expect the telescope will push even further back in time. The telescope will journey to an isolated spot about 1 million miles (1.6 million kilometers) from Earth known as a Lagrange point, a gravitationally stable spot between two celestial bodies.

There, far from light interference from Earth, Webb will turn its attention to the early universe, to exoplanet atmospheres and other science (https://www.space.com/nasa-james-webb-space-telescope-launch-one-month) using a fold-out telescope almost 22 feet (21.6 meters) across, roughly three times the aperture of the 1990s-era Hubble (8 feet or 2.4 meters). With more aperture available, Webb will gather more light and more detail on celestial destinations.

An artist's illustration of NASA's James Webb Space Telescope in space. (Image credit: ESA)Webb has overcome numerous technical challenges, budgetary inflations and threats of cancellation (https://www.space.com/12977-senate-james-webb-telescope-funding.html) over its complex development — including a last-minute unexpected release of a clamp band (https://www.space.com/james-webb-space-telescope-launch-delay-december-22) that pushed the launch by a few more days.
The Atlantic notes (https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/07/nasa-james-webb-space-telescope-northrop-grumman-cost/566186/) the original project scope called for Webb to fly in 2007 with a budget of $500 million (roughly $667 million in 2021 dollars), but technology advances and unforeseen difficulties contributed to delays. (The pandemic also hurt the schedule in 2020.)

This means Webb's budgetary trajectory also followed in the footsteps of Hubble, which launched over-budget and later than expected. Hubble is also famous for accidentally going to space with a flawed mirror, which required a crew of astronauts to repair. Webb will be too far for such help, but NASA has said prime contractor Northrop Grumman tested all systems thoroughly ahead of launch.

https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/K3C36bwuzQYtxfjzwmPA2h-970-80.jpg James Webb Space Telescope fueling for launch. (Image credit: ESA/CNES/Arianespace)

The naming of the Webb telescope has also been criticized, reports indicate (https://www.space.com/nasa-not-renaming-james-webb-space-telescope). The moniker is meant to honor James Webb, NASA's second-ever administrator who led the agency from 1961 to 1968 while it was preparing for human landing missions. Critics of the administrator claim that he was complicit in discrimination against gay and lesbian NASA employees during his tenure, including incidents such as the 1963 "immoral conduct" firing of Clifford Norton (https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/417/1161/190082/).

But with the generational observatory finally on the eve of launch, NASA is hoping all the effort will be worth it. "It will explore every phase of cosmic history – from within our solar system to the most distant observable galaxies in the early universe, and everything in between," the agency said in a November blog post (https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/2021/11/24/testing-confirms-webb-telescope-on-track-for-targeted-dec-22-launch/) about the mission. "Webb will reveal new and unexpected discoveries, and help humanity understand the origins of the universe and our place in it."


source (https://www.space.com/james-webb-space-telescope-launch-date-confirmed)

[ExomatrixTV]

News from Nasa:

http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1x1_cardfeed/public/thumbnails/image/50108343176_ddfbc8d9db_o.jpg?itok=OH_qRaT0

18 Dec 2021 NASA Sets Coverage, Invites Public to View Webb Telescope Launch (http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-sets-coverage-invites-public-to-view-webb-telescope-launch)

NASA will provide coverage of prelaunch, launch, and postlaunch activities for the James Webb Space Telescope, the world’s largest and most powerful space science telescope.

http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/styles/1x1_cardfeed/public/thumbnails/image/1-miri-1041.jpg?itok=8_PTFpGG

14 Dec 2021 NASA’s Webb Telescope Will Have the Coolest Camera in Space (http://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/nasa-s-webb-telescope-will-have-the-coolest-camera-in-space)

Before the MIRI instrument – one of four scientific instruments aboard the observatory – can operate, it has to be cooled down to almost the coldest temperature matter can reach.



The James Webb Space Telescope L-30 Briefings: Science Instruments:

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How The Golden Eye Of The James Webb Space Telescope Will See The Edge Of The Universe:

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[ExomatrixTV]

Overview of James Webb Space Telescope (JWST- Part 1)

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Light Path – James Webb Space Telescope (JWST- Part 2)

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Orbit of James Webb Space Telescope (JWST- Part 3)


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Hubble vs James Webb Space Telescope Primary Mirror Size Comparison (JWST- Part 4)

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[ExomatrixTV]

What to expect from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope launch

https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/fF4f4fTelS7WQFGGCTHhHtGp05w=/0x0:6144x4779/1075x1075/filters:focal(2581x1899:3563x2881):format(webp)/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/70310076/51412207042_d9b9722df0_6k.0.jpg
An anxiety-ridden launch that’s been decades in the making.

On Christmas Day, NASA is gifting astronomers one of the greatest presents it can give by launching the most powerful space telescope ever created. Called the James Webb Space Telescope, or JWST, the space observatory is meant to be the successor to NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope already in orbit around Earth. And it promises to completely transform the way we study the cosmos.

Sporting the biggest mirror of any space-bound telescope ever launched, JWST is tasked with collecting infrared light from some of the most distant stars and galaxies in the Universe. With this capability, the telescope will be able to peer far back in time (https://www.theverge.com/22789561/nasa-jwst-james-webb-space-telescope-priorities-astronomy-astrophysics-exoplanets), imaging some of the earliest objects to have formed just after the Big Bang. On top of that, it will unravel the mysteries of supermassive black holes, distant alien worlds, stellar explosions, dark matter, and more.

it will unravel the mysteries of supermassive black holes, distant alien worlds, stellar explosions, dark matter, and more

NASA has worked for nearly three decades to craft this telescope and get it to the launchpad. Now, the telescope is finally set to launch on top of a European Ariane 5 rocket out of Europe’s primary launch site in Kourou, French Guiana in South America, on Saturday, December 25th. But once the telescope is in space, there’s still a long way to go. Because JWST is so massive, it must fly to space folded up. Once in space, it will undergo a complex unfurling process that will take up to two weeks to complete. And this reverse origami must go exactly right for the telescope to function properly.

All the while, JWST will be traveling to an extra cold spot located 1 million miles from Earth, where the spacecraft will live out its life, collecting as much infrared light as it can. It’s an extremely complicated launch and mission, with many opportunities for things to go wrong along the way. But if everything goes right, the world’s astronomers will have an unbelievably powerful tool at their disposal for the next five to 10 years.


Read on to learn more about one of NASA’s most important launches of the decade.


The Impressive Specs:

The first thing to know about JWST is it’s massive. The telescope sports a light-collectingmirror that’s more than 21 feet, or 6.5 meters, wide. For comparison, Hubble’s mirror is just under 8 feet, or 2.4 meters, across, and it’s been responsible for imaging some of the most iconic objects we’ve ever seen in the Universe. Thanks to its larger mirror, JWST will be between 10 and 100 times more sensitive than Hubble, allowing it to spot very faint objects in the sky.

“You can sort of think of a telescope mirror like a light bucket,” Amber Straughn, the deputy project scientist for JWST at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, tells The Verge. “The bigger the mirror, or the bigger the bucket, the more stuff you collect. And of course, in this case, the stuff is photons light from the distant Universe.”


https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ucRCjF3f5bK2V3NVikO21GtlVX4=/0x0:4000x2667/1920x0/filters:focal(0x0:4000x2667):format(webp):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23119939/50113128506_77faa0a8f4_o.jpg

To assemble this massive mirror, JWST’s engineers had to build it in pieces. It’s made out of 18 hexagonal segments of the lightweight element beryllium, each one roughly the size of a coffee table. Together, the segments must align almost perfectly, moving so precisely they are aligned within a fraction of a wavelength of light, which is about 1/10,000th the diameter of a human hair.

“Each mirror has to match the other mirrors to a very small tolerance so that when they are aligned, they act as though they were a single mirror,” Lee Feinberg, the optical telescope element manager for JWST at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, tells The Verge.

“they act as though they were a single mirror”

One key feature of the mirror is that it is coated in a layer of gold about 200 times thinner than the average human hair. The gold is what allows JWST to see in the infrared — a type of light that is associated with some of the most distant galaxies and stars in the cosmos. Because the Universe is expanding, the farthest objects away from Earth are speeding away much more rapidly than objects that are nearer to us. The faster they sprint away, the more their light gets stretched, shifting away from the visible part of the spectrum and toward the infrared. With its gold mirrors, JWST should be able to see the infrared light from galaxies that are up to 13.6 billion light-years away from Earth.

And that’s what makes the telescope a window into the past. Light from objects 13.6 billion light-years away will have taken that many years to reach the telescope’s mirror. Since we think the Universe is roughly 13.8 billion years old, that means these objects were around just 100 to 250 million years after the Big Bang.

However, observing in the infrared is incredibly tough. Infrared light is associated with heat, which is emitted by everything with a temperature above absolute zero. JWST can’t live in our planet’s orbit or anywhere on the ground; the heat from Earth and its atmosphere would disrupt the observations. Even the telescope itself needs to be extra cold so that it doesn’t produce too much heat and throw off its own observations. That’s why JWST is being sent to a place 1 million miles from our world, known as a Lagrange point between the Earth and the Sun, where the pull of gravity and centrifugal forces are just right for the telescope to remain in a stable orbit. At this Lagrange point, JWST will stay at more or less the same distance and position from Earth at all times.

https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/gcXeeyypAMdYyKwUlmzxjvtlTBw=/0x0:1904x1078/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:1904x1078):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23119953/STScI_01F6QXZP80QG7SNS3M7YZWDNN3.png

Even at this faraway distance, heat from the Sun is still an issue. To stay extra cool, JWST is equipped with what is known as a sunshield. It’s made up of five ultra-thin layers of a material called Kapton, each the size of a tennis court stacked on top of each other. The outermost layer will always face the Sun and reflect most of its heat, operating at a scorching 230 degrees Fahrenheit. But each successive layer will be cooler and cooler so that JWST’s instruments stay nice and cryogenic, operating at about minus 370 degrees Fahrenheit.


A Troubled History

JWST’sJWST’s journey to the launchpad has been long and bumpy. After years of discussion about what the next major space telescope after Hubble should look like, astronomers at the Space Telescope Science Institute formally recommended in 1996 (https://www.stsci.edu/files/live/sites/www/files/home/news/newsletters/_documents/2016-volume033-issue01.pdf) that NASA build a new infrared space telescope with a mirror 4 meters wide. But NASA’s administrator at the time, Dan Goldin, decided 4 meters was not big enough and called on mission designers to increase the size to more than 8 meters.

This decision made building the spacecraft way more complex. The massive mirror meant that JWST had to launch folded up since no rocket available was big enough to house the spacecraft in its final configuration. And the truth was the technologies needed to make the telescope a reality — such as the system and mechanics needed to perfectly align those mirrors — still needed to be invented.
“The next stumble was that it’s way more expensive than we thought,” Thomas Zurbuchen, the associate administrator for the Science Mission Directorate at NASA, tells The Verge.

“it’s way more expensive than we thought”

Initially, astronomers hoped to launch JWST sometime between 2007 and 2011, for an estimated cost of anywhere from $1 billion to $3.5 billion (https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-20-224.pdf). But over the decades, JWST’s costs continued to grow, while its launch date was pushed back and back. Eventually, lawmakers proposed canceling the project altogether over the snowballing budget. NASA then did a complete re-plan of the mission in 2011, and Congress agreed to continue funding the project while placing a budgetary cap on the telescope’s total life of $8.8 billion. A new launch date was set for 2018.

https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/nV_SEeOVnConWG_uZtqGTvvPvQI=/0x0:5760x3840/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:5760x3840):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23119959/50068963377_8f522e0307_o.jpg
But costs continued to increase while development stalled. Meanwhile, as engineers began piecing the telescope together and testing it to get ready for space, there were all sorts of issues. While the telescope was at Northrop Grumman, the primary contractor for the spacecraft, screws and washers seemingly came off the vehicle at one point, engineers found tears in the sunshield, and someone applied excessive voltage during a test, to name just a few errors. Eventually, in 2018,NASA settled on a final cost for the program: a whopping $9.7 billion (https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-21-406.pdf) to cover both development and the spacecraft’s operations in space. The agency also admitted that it wouldn’t be launching that year.

New controversies arose over JWSTduring the telescope’s final stretch. Earlier this year, a group of astronomers raised concerns about the telescope’s namesake, James Webb, a NASA administrator during the Apollo program who oversaw the United States’ ambitious plan to put people on the Moon. In an article published in Scientific American (https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/nasa-needs-to-rename-the-james-webb-space-telescope/), three astronomers called on NASA to rename the telescope, citing the fact that Webb was a high-ranking civil servant in the Truman administration during the Lavender Scare — when LGBTQ individuals were targeted and purged from the federal workforce. Ultimately, NASA decided not to rename the telescope (https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02678-1) after doing its own internal investigation and claiming it could not find evidence that Webb had been involved. However, the investigationwas criticized for not going deep enough (https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2021/10/james-webb-space-telescope-nasa-controversy/620445/).
“There are no mistakes that are small on Webb that have small consequences. You have to be near perfection.”

With its controversial name still intact, JWST was finally shipped to its launch site in French Guiana in October (https://www.theverge.com/2021/10/12/22722559/nasa-james-webb-space-telescope-arrives-kourou-french-guiana-launch). On brand, its woes did not stop when it arrived in South America. The telescope’s launch was originally set for December 18th but was delayed twice due to a couple of mishaps, including a broken clamp band that sent unexpected vibrations through the telescope and an unforeseen communications issue between the rocket and its ground systems. The clamp issue was resolved, but the latter is still ongoing — though NASA claims it should not be an issue for launch.

As Zurbuchen explains, every precaution has to be taken when a problem arises, no matter how small of an issue it might seem. The spacecraft has taken so long and cost so much to build that everything has to go right. Otherwise, the risk is a $10 billion telescope that’s dead in space.

“Small mistakes... the vast majority of them have small consequences,” says Zurbuchen. “There are no mistakes that are small on Webb that have small consequences. You have to be near perfection.”


Launch Is Just The Start

AsAs of now, JWST is set to launch on December 25th at 7:20AM ET. Its ride to space, the Ariane 5 rocket, has been Europe’s premier rocket for roughly the last two decades. In addition to being a highly capable rocket with a strong launch record, the selection of Ariane 5 also brings NASA’s European partners into what is considered a truly global mission.

The launch itself should last roughly 26 minutes before JWST separates from the Ariane 5 rocket. While rocketing to space is always risky, there’s more anxiety to come when JWST is actually free from the Ariane 5. “Launch is really only the beginning,” says Straughn.


“Launch is really only the beginning.”

If all goes well with JWST’s takeoff, that’s when the “29 days on the edge” — a term coined by NASA — begins. It’s an ominous phrase to describe the telescope’s complicated unfurling process. Once freed from the rocket and en route to its destination 1 million miles from Earth, the spacecraft will slowly unfurl and blossom like a mechanical flower.

The first thing JWST must do right after launch is deploy its solar panel to start gathering energy from the Sun needed to power the entire spacecraft. During its next day in space, it’ll deploy its high-gain antenna needed to communicate with Earth. After that, the really wild reverse origami begins. JWST will change its shape and start to deploy its delicate sunshield, a process that is set to last for days. If that goes well, then the telescope will fully deploy its primary mirror.

RzGLKQ7_KZQ
Even when the unfurling is done after about two weeks, JWST won’t be at its final destination — it’ll still have weeks to go. A little less than a month out from launch, the telescope will fire its onboard thrusters to put itself into its final position at its intended Lagrange point.

Needless to say, a lot of astronomers, engineers, and scientists won’t be getting much rest until the entire thing is over. And there are plenty of moments where one failed pulley or one sticky actuator could jeopardize the future of the entire mission.

But if everything goes right, then NASA will soon have some incredibly sharp eyes in the sky. The telescope will have to spend some time cooling down when it reaches its final orbit, and then engineers will need some months to test out all the instruments to see if they work properly. But JWST could be taking its very first breathtaking images as soon as this summer. For astronomers, the wait will be well worth it.

“I really do think that this telescope will be transformational for astrophysics,” says Straughn. “I think that we will learn things about the Universe that completely surprise us, and that’s one of the most exciting prospects about any time we put a big, bold telescope like this into space. We learn things that we never expected.”


source (https://www.theverge.com/22826899/james-webb-space-telescope-jwst-launch-mission-what-to-expect)

[ExomatrixTV]

Nasa's James Webb Space Telescope – Official Mission Trailer:

69uT90tEJdE


Nasa.gov/Mission_Pages/Webb/Videos (https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/webb/videos/index.html)
NASA TV Daily Program Schedule PDF (https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/nasa-tv-schedule-for-week-of-12-20-2021.pdf)
Nasa.gov/NasaLive (https://www.nasa.gov/nasalive)

[ExomatrixTV]

New Way to Detect Dyson Spheres and Other Megastructures...If They Exist:

g60RWxlUF0s


sites.psu.edu/macyhuston/2021/10/27/could-dyson-spheres-affect-the-structure-of-the-stars-they-surround/ (https://sites.psu.edu/macyhuston/2021/10/27/could-dyson-spheres-affect-the-structure-of-the-stars-they-surround/)
arxiv.org/pdf/2110.13887.pdf (https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.13887.pdf)

[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Space Telescope reaches launch pad for Christmas Liftoff 2021 (https://www.space.com/james-webb-space-telescope-rocket-rollout)

https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/AhYBxSViHkBG2ef7zNEU3E-970-80.jpg.webp


source (https://www.space.com/james-webb-space-telescope-rocket-rollout)

[ExomatrixTV]

How to watch NASA's James Webb Space Telescope launch live online in several languages on Christmas Day

Liftoff of NASA's new giant space telescope is set for December 25, 2021 at 7:20 a.m. EST (1220 GMT).

NASA is counting down towards a Christmas Day launch for its biggest space telescope ever and you can watch it all live online.

The James Webb Space Telescope (https://www.space.com/21925-james-webb-space-telescope-jwst.html) is the successor to NASA and Europe's iconic Hubble Space Telescope (https://www.space.com/15892-hubble-space-telescope.html). The next-generation capabilities of the upcoming observatory, paired with the laundry list of mission delays over the last several years, makes this a highly-anticipated event across the astronomical community. You can watch the entire mission on our live updates page here (https://www.space.com/news/live/james-webb-space-telescope-updates).

The Webb space telescope is currently scheduled to launch no earlier than 7:20 a.m. on Saturday (December 25, 2021) from the Guiana Space Center (https://www.space.com/33949-guiana-space-center.html) in Kourou, French Guiana. On that day, you'll be able to watch one of several English-language virtual launch events on NASA Live (https://www.nasa.gov/nasalive), as well as Space.com, where we will also be streaming the telescope's flight courtesy of NASA TV. NASA will also broadcast the launch on Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/NASA), Twitter (https://twitter.com/nasa), YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLA_DiR1FfKNvjuUpBHmylQ), Twitch (https://www.twitch.tv/nasa) and Daily Motion (https://www.dailymotion.com/NASA). Live updates: NASA's James Webb Space Telescope launch (https://www.space.com/news/live/james-webb-space-telescope-updates)

The James Webb Space Telescope is installed atop its Ariane 5 rocket and awaiting payload fairing encapsulation ahead of its planned launch on December 25, 2021 from the Guiana Space Center in Kourou, French Guiana. (Image credit: Arianespace)NASA's launch coverage for the Webb space telescope begins at 3 a.m. EST (0800 GMT) on Saturday with an Ariane 5 rocket fueling update.

Launch coverage begins in earnest at 6 a.m. EST (1100 GMT) and will include live views from Webb's Ariane 5 (https://www.space.com/40551-ariane-5-rocket.html) launch site in French Guiana, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland and the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland, which is home to the space telescope's mission operations center.

Alongside its English broadcast, NASA is hosting a Spanish-language Webb launch virtual event beginning at 6:30 a.m. EST (1130 GMT) on the space agency's website. Viewers can also watch via the social media accounts for NASA en Español like Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/NASAes), YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC8zqCEvaRwHcfz3IhjhMMxQ) and Twitter (https://twitter.com/NASA_es). This broadcast will be hosted by Begoña Vila, Webb instrument systems engineer, and will feature live commentary from Spanish-speaking members of the telescope mission.

NASA will also air a clean feed without commentary from 7:00 a.m. until an hour after launch, according to a NASA statement describing the launch livestreams (https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-sets-coverage-invites-public-to-view-webb-telescope-launch). There will be audio channels for launch commentary available, however, and will be provided in English, Spanish and French.

NASA also maintains a Webb space telescope blog (https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb) where launch updates will be regularly posted.

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Like Hubble, Webb is capable of taking incredible observations of the solar system and beyond. However its new observational responsibilities will mean that it will operate quite differently. Unlike the 31-year old Hubble mission, Webb will not fly through space in a place that is accessible for servicing. Space shuttle astronauts were able to service Hubble because it orbits about 350 miles (810 km) above the surface of the Earth. Webb, however, will be roughly 1,000,000 miles (1,609,344 km) from our planet.

This vantage point will facilitate the operation of its scientific instruments, which in turn will help researchers learn about the many chapters of the universe's story. It is designed to observe the light from the early universe (https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/webb/science/index.html), revealing how the earliest stars and galaxies formed. It will also boost astronomers' understanding of objects closer to Earth, like exoplanets and objects within our solar system.

Webb is born of an international collaboration that NASA is performing with the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA).


source (https://www.space.com/nasa-james-webb-space-telescope-launch-webcasts)

--o-O-o--


Nasa/Esa & Partners Complete Webb Rocket Rollout (https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/2021/12/23/nasa-partners-complete-webb-rocket-rollout/)

Nasa’s James Webb Space Telescope – inside the Ariane 5 rocket it will ride to space – has arrived at its final location on Earth: the Arianespace ELA-3 launch complex at Europe’s Spaceport located near Kourou, French Guiana. Webb is scheduled for liftoff at 7:20 am EST Saturday, Dec. 25. With Webb and its rocket securely on the pad, the team will run electrical diagnostics to ensure all lights are green for launch. Teams will power on the observatory while at the launch pad to run one final aliveness test to ensure all systems have power and are working before liftoff.


https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/wp-content/uploads/sites/326/2021/12/Webb-on-launch-pad-51770400554_e8d47d1a5a_o-231x300.jpeg

Arianespace’s Ariane 5 rocket with NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope onboard, is rolled out to the launch pad, Thursday, Dec. 23, 2021, at Europe’s Spaceport, the Guiana Space Center in Kourou, French Guiana. The James Webb Space Telescope (sometimes called JWST or Webb) is a large infrared telescope with a 21.3 foot (6.5 meter) primary mirror. The observatory will study every phase of cosmic history—from within our solar system to the most distant observable galaxies in the early universe.

[ExomatrixTV]

The Telescope That Will Replace Hubble Will Launch On Christmas. Here's why it matters (https://edition.cnn.com/2021/12/24/opinions/james-webb-space-telescope-launch-lincoln/index.html)




Here's the Space Weather Forecast (https://www.space.com/space-weather-forecast-james-webb-launch) for NASA's James Webb Space Telescope launch!

Not just wind and rain can halt the James Webb Space Telescope launch.




Astronomers On Tenterhooks As $10bn James Webb Telescope Set For Lift Off (https://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/dec/24/astronomers-on-tenterhooks-as-10bn-james-webb-telescope-set-for-lift-off)




Nasa’s flagship mission counts down to launch at 1220 GMT on Christmas Day from Kourou, French Guiana

[Ankle Biter]

JWST will be a Christmas gift to all humans if this goes according to plan.

[JackMcThorn]

Hopefully today will have fair enough conditions for launch.

https://www.rte.ie/news/science/2021/1225/1268614-space-telescope/

[ExomatrixTV]

LIVE:

388217413099851


source (https://www.facebook.com/NASA/videos/388217413099851)

¤=[Post Update]=¤

he James Webb Space Telescope, the premier space science observatory of the next decade, is targeted for launch Dec. 25 from Europe's Spaceport in French Guiana, on the northeastern coast of South America. Credits: NASA/Chris Gunn
Vea este aviso en español aquí (https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-cobertura-en-espa-ol-del-despegue-del-telescopio-espacial-webb).

Editor's Note: This advisory was updated Dec. 21 to reflect Webb's new target launch date of Dec. 25 (https://www.nasa.gov/feature/james-webb-space-telescope-launch-update/).

Editor's Note: This advisory was updated Dec. 20 to reflect that the Dec. 21 prelaunch media briefing will take place as a teleconference, and to update the list of participants.

NASA will provide coverage of prelaunch, launch, and postlaunch activities for the James Webb Space Telescope, the world’s largest and most powerful space science telescope.

Webb is targeted to launch at 7:20 a.m. EST Saturday, Dec. 25, on an ESA-provided Ariane 5 rocket from Europe’s Spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana, on the northeastern coast of South America.

Live launch coverage in English will begin at 6 a.m. on NASA TV, the NASA app, and the agency’s website (https://www.nasa.gov/live). The public can also watch live on Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/NASA), Twitter (https://twitter.com/nasa), YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLA_DiR1FfKNvjuUpBHmylQ), Twitch (https://www.twitch.tv/nasa), and Daily Motion (https://www.dailymotion.com/NASA). NASA also will offer a launch broadcast in Spanish beginning at 6:30 a.m. on the agency’s Spanish-language social media accounts and online. NASA will hold a prelaunch briefing at 2 p.m. on Tuesday, Dec. 21, and a postlaunch news conference approximately 30 minutes after the live launch broadcast ends on Saturday, Dec. 25.

The Webb mission, an international partnership with the European Space Agency (ESA) and Canadian Space Agency, will explore every phase of cosmic history – from within the solar system to the most distant observable galaxies in the early universe, and everything in between. Webb will reveal new and unexpected discoveries and help humanity understand the origins of the universe and our place in it.
Full mission coverage is as follows. All times are Eastern, and information is subject to change.


Nasa Press Briefings

At 2 p.m. Tuesday, Dec. 21, NASA will hold a prelaunch media teleconference with the following participants:


NASA Administrator Bill Nelson
NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy
Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters in Washington
Greg Robinson, Webb program director, NASA Headquarters
Jérôme Rives, vice president, Ariane 5 Business Unit, Arianespace, Paris, France
Amber Straughn, Webb deputy project scientist for communications, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland

The briefing will stream live on NASA’s website (https://www.nasa.gov/live). On Saturday, Dec. 25, approximately 30 minutes after Webb’s launch broadcast ends, a joint news conference will take place in Kourou. The news conference will stream on NASA TV, the NASA app, and the agency’s website (https://www.nasa.gov/live).

To participate by telephone in either briefing, media must RSVP no later than two hours before the start of the briefing, to Laura Betz at: laura.e.betz@nasa.gov. Media and members of the public may also ask questions on social media using #UnfoldtheUniverse.

NASA’s media accreditation policy (https://www.nasa.gov/content/nasa-agencywide-media-accreditation-policy) for virtual and onsite activities is available online.


NASA TV Launch Coverage in English

NASA TV live coverage will begin at 6 a.m. Saturday, Dec. 25. For NASA TV downlink information, schedules, and links to streaming video, visit:nasa.gov/live (http://www.nasa.gov/live)

On launch day, a “clean feed” of the launch without commentary will be available by satellite feed. The uplink will begin at 7 a.m. and continue for an hour after launch. The clean feed will also be available on the Washington AVOC.

Launch coverage audio will be available via this satellite feed as well, with audio channels for English-, French-, and Spanish-language launch commentary, as well as "mission audio" without commentary.

Please contact alise.m.fisher@nasa.gov to receive the satellite coordinates.


NASA Launch Coverage Online in English

Launch day coverage will be available on the agency’s website (https://www.nasa.gov/nasalive). Coverage will include livestreaming and blog updates. On-demand streaming video and photos of the launch will be available shortly after liftoff. Follow coverage online at:blogs.nasa.gov/webb (https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb)

NASA Spanish Launch Coverage: Desplegando el Universo

Hosted by Begoña Vila, Webb instrument systems engineer, NASA’s broadcast of the launch in Spanish will include interviews with Hispanic members of the mission and live commentary from Kourou by Vila and ESA engineer Julio Monreal.

The show, which will begin at 6:30 a.m. Saturday, Dec. 25, will be available on NASA en español’s YouTube (https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fnasa_es&data=04%7C01%7Calise.m.fisher%40nasa.gov%7Cdcbb1b9051114b02b81908d9bb27d867%7C7005d45845be48ae8140d4 3da96dd17b%7C0%7C0%7C637746602064246533%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIi LCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=D8ibpMEDeFHQtJgTwG%2BA1D2OeC1TWT%2BYZRwgvua%2BnnE%3D&reserved=0), Twitter (https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fnasa_es&data=04%7C01%7Calise.m.fisher%40nasa.gov%7Cdcbb1b9051114b02b81908d9bb27d867%7C7005d45845be48ae8140d4 3da96dd17b%7C0%7C0%7C637746602064256485%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIi LCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=OEzSBuw%2Bz2d8J0gITRwtqMf0QZkJhUNkr5%2BK5ZSIRjM%3D&reserved=0), and Facebook (https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FNASAes&data=04%7C01%7Calise.m.fisher%40nasa.gov%7Cdcbb1b9051114b02b81908d9bb27d867%7C7005d45845be48ae8140d4 3da96dd17b%7C0%7C0%7C637746602064256485%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIi LCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=kqIhamzDl0EuYSN3ydknpykGb8wYhJrxMHaIvc%2FijR8%3D&reserved=0) accounts, as well as on NASA’s website (https://www.nasa.gov/).
News media and educational institutions interested in sharing the stream of the show can contact María José Viñas at: maria-jose.vinasgarcia@nasa.gov.
The agency has also released the first episode of NASA’s Curious Universe (https://www.nasa.gov/curiousuniverse) podcast in Spanish. The episode, "Desplegando el universo con el telescopio espacial James Webb (https://www.nasa.gov/mediacast/desplegando-el-universo-con-el-telescopio-espacial-james-webb)," is available on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, and SoundCloud.


Media Interview Requests

Members of the media seeking interviews about Webb’s launch should fill out this media interview request form (https://go.nasa.gov/webb-media-interview-form).


Public Participation

Members of the public can register to attend launch virtually (https://www.eventbrite.com/e/james-webb-space-telescope-registration-167215593341?aff=pr). NASA’s virtual guest program for the mission includes curated launch resources, notifications about related opportunities or changes, and a stamp for the NASA virtual guest passport following a successful launch.


Virtual NASA Social

As NASA prepares for Webb to #UnfoldTheUniverse, the agency invites the public to join the James Webb Space Telescope social event (https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffb.me%2Fe%2F1tvnXgovx&data=04%7C01%7Calise.m.fisher%40nasa.gov%7Cf78360eda47849618fb508d9ba978c52%7C7005d45845be48ae8140d4 3da96dd17b%7C0%7C0%7C637745982312442506%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIi LCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=r3RL%2BZq%2BRiWNKqa%2FmpMLVO74ueYRZ8ckWLPQvjObwoA%3D&reserved=0) on Facebook. Participants will be joined by NASA, ESA, the Canadian Space Agency, and the Space Telescope Science Institute. Stay up to date on the latest mission activities, interact with Webb experts in real-time, and watch the live launch broadcast with an interactive chat.


Watch and Engage on Social Media

Stay connected with the mission and let people know you are following the launch on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram with #UnfoldTheUniverse. Follow and tag these accounts:


Twitter: @NASA (https://twitter.com/NASA), @NASAWebb (http://twitter.com/intent/follow?source=followbutton&variant=1.0&screen_name=NASAWebb)
Facebook: NASA (https://www.facebook.com/NASA), NASAWebb (http://www.facebook.com/nasawebb)
Instagram: NASA (https://www.instagram.com/nasa/?hl=en), @NASAWebb (http://instagram.com/NASAWebb)

For more information about the Webb mission, visit:

nasa.gov/webb (https://nasa.gov/webb)

[ExomatrixTV]

Live Stream:
7nT7JGZMbtM


source (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7nT7JGZMbtM)



Twitch Nasa TV Live (https://www.twitch.tv/nasa)

https://www.freewalldownload.com/merry-christmas/christmas-tree-free-hd-wallpaper.jpg


Merry Christmas Everybody :)

https://images5.alphacoders.com/713/thumb-1920-713442.jpg

[ExomatrixTV]

Everything You Need to Know About NASA's James Webb Telescope:

i04FMQgHknU


James Webb Space Telescope: Nasa's Giant Eye In Space Explained:

_xzOGQvKwKw

[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Space Telescope Finally Launched! Now What Next?:

CXQLeauanPo

[ExomatrixTV]

See 'Humanity's Last View' Of The James Webb Space Telescope Post-Deployment:

lB1B3WzO7Vk

[Ankle Biter]

Where is the JWST now?

https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/whereIsWebb.html (https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/whereIsWebb.html)

[ExomatrixTV]

Follow Webb's Story: Blog (https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/) | Twitter (https://twitter.com/NASAWebb) | News (https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/news.html) | Images (https://www.flickr.com/photos/nasawebbtelescope/albums/72157720000770033) | Video (https://www.youtube.com/user/NASAWebbTelescope)



Virtual Launch Packet ONLINE (https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/virtual-webb-space-telescope-launch-packet) - Concise "Need To Know" information on the mission, watching and following the launch and more (download: 37MB pdf (https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/assets/documents/VirtualLaunchPacket.pdf)).
Webb Fact Sheet (https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/factsheet) (download: 2.5MB pdf)- brief descriptions and facts about the mission and spacecraft.
Webb Media Kit (https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/mediaKit) (download: 27MB pdf) - targeted for media, with links to mission resources and contacts, also contains a more detailed overview of the mission, launch, and spacecraft.
Webb Blog (https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/) A frequently updated blog about all things Webb as we move toward launch and through commissioning. We will add posts weekly, every Thursday afternoon.
Media: For Interview Requests (https://go.nasa.gov/webb-media-interview-form) - Please fill out this form to request an interview with one of our experts.
Become a Webb Launch Virtual Guest (https://www.eventbrite.com/e/james-webb-space-telescope-registration-167215593341?aff=webbsite) - You’ll have access to curated resources, interaction opportunities, schedule changes, and mission specific information straight to your inbox. Following launch, virtual guests will be sent a stamp for their virtual guest passport!
#UnfoldTheUniverse Art Challenge (https://go.nasa.gov/unfoldtheuniverse) - Get inspired and show us what you think Webb will discover in our new art challenge. Post your art and tag us with #UnfoldTheUniverse.
Webb STEAM Day (https://go.nasa.gov/WebbSTEAMDay) - You are invited to NASA’s Webb Space Telescope STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, & Math) Day virtual interactive event. Registration is FREE and open to the public! The program will feature presentations from Sept. 30 2021 through June 2022. Enjoy!
EXPLORE Webb's Deployments (https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/deploymentExplorer.html) - Webb is the largest telescope ever launched into space. In the ~2 weeks after launch, Webb will unfold from its compact launch configuration into its operational configuration which is nearly the size of a tennis court. You can explore the process of deployment on this page interactively.
WHERE IS WEBB? (https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/whereIsWebb.html) is data-driven infographic that shows the status of Webb on its journey to L2 orbit. The page constantly updates as Webb travels, deploys, and cools to operating temperature. The page comes alive a few minutes after LIFTOFF (it is inactive until that point) and starts tracking distance at about 28 minutes after liftoff once Webb separates from the launch vehicle. It will actively track Webb's travel for a month after launch and track the cooling process until Webb reaches operational temperature.



Now Through Launch : December 25, 2021 07:20am EST ( 2021-12-25 12:20 GMT/UTC)



Educator materials:

OSTEM toolkit for K-12 educators (https://www.nasa.gov/stem/nextgenstem/webb-toolkit.html)
Resources for informal educators:

STScI Activity guides (https://outerspace.stsci.edu/download/attachments/97289002/Activity%20Guides.docx?version=1&modificationDate=1617111952518&api=v2) (download: docx)
STScI Printable materials (https://outerspace.stsci.edu/download/attachments/97289002/Printable%20Materials.pdf?version=1&modificationDate=1619020713525&api=v2) (download: pdf)
STScI Multimedia (https://outerspace.stsci.edu/download/attachments/97289002/Multimedia.docx?version=1&modificationDate=1617111981121&api=v2) (download: docx)
NASA JPL Webb 101 (https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/news/2021/9/30/learn-about-the-universe-with-the-james-webb-space-telescope/#jwst-what)
NASA Space Place Webb 101 (https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/james-webb-space-telescope/en/)
NASA Webb Educator page (https://jwst.nasa.gov/content/forEducators/index.html)





1474717083883778057
source (https://twitter.com/NASA/status/1474717083883778057)


Live! James Webb Telescope Tracker:

hqq88Nfd3u0

This data-driven infographic shows the status of Webb on its journey to L2 orbit. The page constantly updates as Webb travels, deploys, and cools to operating temperature. If you have any issues with the page, hold the CTRL or CMD key and hit the F5 key which will reload the page and should clear any issues. (cntl/cmd shift R works too).


Deployment Phases and Steps

The most recently completed deployment step for Webb is displayed along a timeline that also indicates the major deployment phases. Note that the timing, duration and/or order of deployment phases and steps may change. This page shows the default/nominal timing and order. The phases mark the start and end of major groups of deployment steps. The most recently completed deployment step is shown as a spacecraft icon on the timeline and is detailed below with a larger image and links. Deployment phases are shown on the timeline in a light blue overlay on screens large enough to display this info, otherwise hidden.


Speed and Distance

The speed and distance numbers displayed track Webb's distance travelled from Earth to entry into its L2 orbit. The numbers are derived from precalculated flight dynamics data that models Webb's flight up to its entry into L2 orbit. The distance shown is the approximate distance travelled as opposed to altitude.


NOTE: Speed and distance data reporting starts at upper stage separation, approximately 28 minutes after launch. The page will display 0s until that point.

Webb's speed is at its peak while connected to the push of the launch vehicle. Its speed begins to slow rapidly after separation as it coasts up hill climbing the gravity ridge from Earth to its orbit around L2 (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Lagrangian_points_equipotential.png). Note on the timeline that Webb reaches the altitude of the moon in ~2.5 days (which is ~25% of its trip in terms of distance but only ~8% in time). See the sections below on Distance to L2 and Arrival at L2 for more information on the distance travelled to L2.


Temperatures

Temperature control is a vital aspect of Webb's design, engineering and operations (https://www.nasa.gov/content/webb-conversations-freezing-nasas-webb-telescope-is-a-matter-of-survival/). Of the many temperature monitoring points on the observatory, this page displays 2 "hot side" and 2 "cold side" temperatures that are a good indication of overall temperature status and trends.


NOTE: temperature data will begin updating 1-2 days after launch. Displays will read "---" until that point.

The temperatures displayed on the hot side of the observatory (https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/content/observatory/index.html) are located on the spacecraft bus and sunshield structure (https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/ImagesContent/observatory/observatory2ndTierBreakdown-2000px.jpg). The temperatures displayed on the cold side of the observatory are located on the primary mirror and instrument (ISIM) module radiator (https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/ImagesContent/observatory/observatory2ndTierBreakdown-2000px.jpg). They are labelled with the following letters on the display (note: these labels will pop up if you hover your mouse over the display):


a) Sunshield UPS Average Temperature (hot side: Sunshield Structure)
b) Spacecraft Equipment Panel Average Temperature (Spacecraft Bus)
c) Primary Mirror Temperature (cold side)
d) Instrument Radiator Temperature (cold side)

There are many more temperature sensors on the observatory that our engineers monitor throughout the deployment, commissioning and operations processes. The data points shown here give a good overall indication of the temperature trends on each side of the sunshield as we move through deployment and commissioning. They illustrate the great contrast between the hot and cold sides of the spacecraft and the incredible engineering and effectiveness of the sunshield. These temperature observations are reported daily from actual spacecraft telemetry data. Temperature values will continue to be reported in the months that follow the completed deployment as the spacecraft cools to operational values.


Distance to L2

L2 is approximately 1 million miles from Earth (932056 miles/1.5M km to be exact). But Webb never actually arrives at L2, it is travelling to enter an orbit around L2 (https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/content/about/orbit.html). Webb's L2 orbit is very large in size and it enters its orbit before it reaches the linear distance between Earth and L2. Webb's orbit around L2 is known as a halo orbit (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halo_orbit) which, rather than a single path, is an orbit that periodically varies through a series of paths around L2.


Arrival at L2 Orbit

By design, the launch vehicle and Webb's trajectory put Webb on a path to an L2 orbit with only small inputs needed to refine it. As it separates from the upper stage of the launch vehicle, Webb is climbing the gravity ridge from Earth up into a halo orbit around L2 (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Lagrangian_points_equipotential.gif). Once Webb is in its halo orbit it will be riding up and down and over and along the shallow saddle contour at L2.

To get the exact orbit needed, Webb's trajectory is fine tuned by a number of "burns" along the way. You can learn more about these Mid Course Correction (MCC) burns on the Deployment Explorer (https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/deploymentExplorer.html) page. The final burn, MCC2, inserts Webb into the desired L2 halo orbit. The MCC2 burn is nominally planned for Launch + 29days. At the end of that burn we can say Webb is "In L2 Orbit" and so has "arrived at L2".

Therefore, this page, for purposes of calculations uses a distance to L2 orbit entry number ( and timing ) that is a sufficient distance and time after the MCC2 burn to say "Webb is in L2 Orbit". Once in L2 orbit, this page will no longer track distance, but will track temperatures. The spacecraft will continue to cool to operating temperatures and numerous tests and calibrations occur to ready it for operations and its first images over the months that follow.


source (https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/whereIsWebb.html)

[ExomatrixTV]

Mission Timeline 12-25-2021 up to 01-24-2022


-NASA has a detailed plan to deploy the entire telescope in roughly two weeks and orbit within a month. However, the process involves hundreds of individual deployments that are human-controlled rather than automatic. This means engineers on the ground will remotely orchestrate a complex sequence of deployments and can alter the order, location, timing, and duration if needed. As of this moment, the order and approximate timing are as follows:

Time after launch Event ~9 minutes Main stage separation ~27 minutes Upper stage separation ~30 minutes Solar array deployed Completed Dec. 25, ~7:50 a.m. EST ~12.5 hours Midcourse correction burn (MCC1a) Completed Dec. 25, 7:50 p.m. EST~


1 day Release and motion test of the gimbaled antenna assembly (https://jwst.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/deploymentExplorer.html#6) - December 26th, 2021
2 days Midcourse correction burn (MCC1 b) - December 27th, 2021
3 days Forward sunshield pallet deployment (https://jwst.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/deploymentExplorer.html#9) Aft sunshield pallet deployment (https://jwst.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/deploymentExplorer.html#9) - December 28th, 2021
4 days Deployable tower assembly (https://jwst.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/deploymentExplorer.html#10) - December 29th, 2021
5 days Aft momentum flap (https://jwst.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/deploymentExplorer.html#12) Sunshield covers release (https://jwst.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/deploymentExplorer.html#12) - December 30th, 2021
6 days Sunshield port mid-boom (https://jwst.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/deploymentExplorer.html#13) and sunshield starboard mid-boom December 31th, 2021
7 days Sunshield layer tensioning begins (https://jwst.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/deploymentExplorer.html#15) - January 1st, 2022
8 days Sunshield layer tensioning complete (https://jwst.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/deploymentExplorer.html#16) - January 2nd, 2022
10 days Secondary mirror deployment begins and is completed - January 4th, 2022
11 days Aft Deployed Instrument Radiator - January 5th, 2022
12 days Port primary mirror wing deployment begins and is completed - January 6th, 2022
13 days Starboard primary mirror wing deployment begins and is completed
Webb is fully deployed - January 7th, 2022
15-24 days Individual mirror segment movements (https://jwst.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/deploymentExplorer.html#25) - January 9th, 2022
29 days Midcourse correction burn (MCC2)/L2 insertion burn - January 23th, 2022
29.5 days Orbit insertion complete. Webb is now orbiting L2. Telescope deployment is complete. Ongoing cooldown - January 24th, 2022

[ExomatrixTV]

Things We’ve Never Seen: The James Webb Space Telescope Explores the Cosmos:

WtjkNsnC--A
The powerful James Webb Space Telescope--the successor to the Hubble Space Telescope--promises insight into profound questions that have dogged philosophers and astronomers for millennia. What is the origin of the universe? How are stars and planets created? Is there life elsewhere in the universe? Brian Greene brings together four scientists who will use the Webb to investigate these very questions: John C. Mather, NASA’s lead scientist on the project and a Nobel Laureate; Natalie Batalha, NASA’s lead scientist on the Kepler Mission, which discovered the first rocky planets outside our solar system; Adam Riess, who earned a Nobel Prize for his revelations about the expansion rate of the universe; and Ewine van Dishoeck, a Kavli Laureate for her pioneering work in the field of astrochemistry.


Why The New Space Telescope Looks So Strange:

I2GhFSInBqA
After 25 years and nearly $10 billion, the James Webb Space Telescope has finally left planet Earth. Billed as a successor to the beloved Hubble Space Telescope, the Webb’s mirror is six times larger and its instruments are tuned to observe longer wavelengths, in order to detect the stretched-out light from primitive galaxies 13.5 billion light years away. That primary mission — to see the first stars and galaxies that formed after the Big Bang — determined the unusual and challenging design of the telescope. Instead of a shiny tube, the Webb Telescope looks like a giant honeycomb riding on a silver surfboard. The short answer to why it looks like that is: It needs to be very big and very cold. In the video above, NASA astrophysicist Amber Straughn and Vox's Joss Fong build a small model of the telescope to explore its extraordinary design.

[ExomatrixTV]

Target candidates for JWST:


First Ever Exoplanet With a Powerful Magnetic Field Discovered:

hM7BPv4KEh8


Up To 170 Rogue Planets Discovered In Our Neighborhood:

eGYYhOiL5wE

Target candidates for JWST :)


exoplanets.nasa.gov/discovery/exoplanet-catalog (https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/discovery/exoplanet-catalog/)

[ExomatrixTV]

🔴 ... LIVE Tracking: James Webb - Sunshield Deployment In Progress:
hqq88Nfd3u0


jwst.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/whereIsWebb.html (https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/whereIsWebb.html)

[ExomatrixTV]

How James Webb's Deployments MUST Work:

QeiQEG450gc
The James Webb Space Telescope launched, but now its deployments must work. Even though the launch was successful, the hardest part is yet to come. We'll take a look at each of the deployment steps and understand why Webb has to be so complex to accomplish its mission.


00:00 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QeiQEG450gc&t=0s) Launch of JWST
02:19 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QeiQEG450gc&t=139s) Second Mid-Course Correction burn
04:09 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QeiQEG450gc&t=249s) Magellan TV
04:50 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QeiQEG450gc&t=290s) Webb's Requirements
08:28 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QeiQEG450gc&t=508s) Unitized Pallet Structure Deployment
09:11 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QeiQEG450gc&t=551s) Deployable Tower Assembly
09:53 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QeiQEG450gc&t=593s) Aft Momentum Trim Tab
10:34 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QeiQEG450gc&t=634s) The Sunshield
12:52 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QeiQEG450gc&t=772s) Sunshield Deployment
14:40 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QeiQEG450gc&t=880s) Secondary Mirror Support Structure
15:37 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QeiQEG450gc&t=937s) Aft Deployed Instrument Radiator
16:17 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QeiQEG450gc&t=977s) Primary Mirror Wings and Alignment
17:27 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QeiQEG450gc&t=1047s) L2 Orbit Insertion and Commissioning
18:07 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QeiQEG450gc&t=1087s) Contingency Operations

[ExomatrixTV]

NASA’s Shocking Discovery With James Webb Telescope Will Change Everything…:

8RF0-4AjzCc

[ExomatrixTV]

Important Updates and Less Known Facts About James Webb Telescope Launch:

_abdV-HtEJQ

[ExomatrixTV]

The First Thing That James Webb Will See:

4Pl749Dgx0A

[ExomatrixTV]

What Makes Lagrange Points Special Locations In Space:

7PHvDj4TDfM
You may get a headache after watching that video ;)

cheers,
John

[ExomatrixTV]

JWST Launches, Angara Fails, Octograbber Gets Into A Fight - Deep Space Update December 29th:

TEdykLwmOKE

[ExomatrixTV]

"How to Find Alien Dyson Spheres":

6mJXv5OBel8


JWST (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope) role in this endeavor is obviously paramount!

cheers,
John

[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Space Telescope: Secondary Mirror Deployment - Mission Control Live:

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James Webb Space Telescope experts give real-time updates on deployment of the telescope’s secondary mirror. The secondary mirror is one of the most important pieces of equipment on the telescope, and is essential to the success of the mission. When deployed, this mirror will sit out in front of Webb's hexagonal primary mirrors, which form an iconic honeycomb-like shape. This smaller circular mirror serves an important role in collecting light from Webb’s 18 primary mirrors into a focused beam. That beam is then sent down into the tertiary and fine steering mirrors, and finally to Webb's four powerful scientific instruments.

[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Just Successfully Completed the Most Difficult Task of its Mission:

qFO6VTsZajI

[ExomatrixTV]

Huge Update! Nasa's James Webb Space Telescope Survived Through The Hardest Part!:

lRrSHbd3MnM

[ExomatrixTV]

Live! ... 1 Million Km's and counting! - James Webb Tracker!

r8NhyRjBxnE

[Ankle Biter]

Current Phase: The Port Primary Mirror Wing is fully deployed and latched.

Nominal Event Time: Launch + 13 days (Friday 1/7/22)

The left/port (+V2) wing of the primary mirror is fully deployed and latched. Each wing holds three of the 18 mirror segments. This is a motor-driven deployment.

Almost 75% of the distance is complete. Following the deployment of the wings is the honeycomb shaped mirror segments. I think quite a few at mission control will be holding their breath on this one.

https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/whereIsWebb.html

[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Space Telescope: Primary Mirror Deployment – Mission Control Live:

tlGTem8vkB0

[ExomatrixTV]

News Update on James Webb Space Telescope's Full Deployment:

hET2MS1tIjA

[ExomatrixTV]

It's Done! James Webb Has Been Fully Deployed In Space:

1TBhm2q8CWM
As we learn new things about something, we start to believe we know a lot about it. But this isn’t often the case with space. Our Solar system is much, much bigger than you would expect, and you’d be surprised how little we know about it. But soon, with the launch of a next-generation telescope, that might change. Does this mean we would finally detect an elusive Planet 9? Will we find some other secrets our Solar system has stored for us? And would it all change the way we perceive our place in the cosmos? Now, get ready to discover answers to this and more!

[ExomatrixTV]

NASA CEO Bill Nelson: James Webb Space Telescope: Sunshield Deployment - Mission Control Live:

PXMQ49Lx1Cs


NASA finishes unfolding James Webb Space Telescope:

WZqW2ItKrPI

[ExomatrixTV]

Unknown Object Orbiting a Distant Star Caused Unexplained Dimming:

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Another JWST candidate :)

[Ankle Biter]

The JWST is now fully deployed.

Next will be positioning and stabalizing in L2 point so that optimal operating temperatures are reached.

Then calibration of the primary mirror segments. Similar to collimating your own reflector telescope (https://youtu.be/8G98RTP6jbY), which they say isn't hard but for me a true pain in the ass.

[ExomatrixTV]

The James Webb Space Telescope: New Image and Video (https://www.virtualtelescope.eu/2022/01/08/the-james-webb-space-telescope-new-image-and-video-8-jan-2022/) – 8 Jan. 2022

[Spiral]

The JWST is now fully deployed.

Next will be positioning and stabalizing in L2 point so that optimal operating temperatures are reached.

Then calibration of the primary mirror segments. Similar to collimating your own reflector telescope (https://youtu.be/8G98RTP6jbY), which they say isn't hard but for me a true pain in the ass.

Apologies for going slightly off topic but it's not that hard with one of those laser jobbies they are using, they aren't expensive either.

PS. Santa can I have one of those nice Dobsonians like on that vid next Christmas please ?

[Ankle Biter]

The JWST is now fully deployed.

Next will be positioning and stabalizing in L2 point so that optimal operating temperatures are reached.

Then calibration of the primary mirror segments. Similar to collimating your own reflector telescope (https://youtu.be/8G98RTP6jbY), which they say isn't hard but for me a true pain in the ass.

Apologies for going slightly off topic but it's not that hard with one of those laser jobbies they are using, they aren't expensive either.

PS. Santa can I have one of those nice Dobsonians like on that vid next Christmas please ?

True about those laser jobbies mate, hence the source of said pain (https://projectavalon.net/forum4/showthread.php?30405-Here-and-Now...What-s-Happening&p=1468589&viewfull=1#post1468589) was my own doing doing. When going for a budget reflector I later discovered that it uses a spherical shape primary mirror. Because light from planets (https://projectavalon.net/forum4/showthread.php?114680-Planetary-Conjunction-December-21-2020-Image&p=1446197&viewfull=1#post1446197) doesn't come back to its secondary mirror at the bottom of focuser tube at a single focal point (as what happens with proper made parabolic primary mirror and extra $$$) a subsequent domed glass piece is needed before it comes up through the eyepiece. This has the effect of making the laser dot become like an elongated blob and the process of collimation reduces to a.. eh close enough type effort.

That Dobsonian from santa and I'd never ask for anything ever again! What a beauty! The collapsable ones at the back with motorized mount is my next buy I'm saving for. Up on the aperture to around 10"-12" . With my current one can't really see any of the very cool and interesting deeper sky objects available.

[ExomatrixTV]

🔴 LIVE! Mirror Movement InProgress! - James Webb Tracker!

SN74VErcd2M

[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Telescope LIVE TRACKING mirror segment in progress

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[Mari]

The JWST is now fully deployed.

Next will be positioning and stabalizing in L2 point so that optimal operating temperatures are reached.

Then calibration of the primary mirror segments. Similar to collimating your own reflector telescope (https://youtu.be/8G98RTP6jbY), which they say isn't hard but for me a true pain in the ass.

Apologies for going slightly off topic but it's not that hard with one of those laser jobbies they are using, they aren't expensive either.

PS. Santa can I have one of those nice Dobsonians like on that vid next Christmas please ?

True about those laser jobbies mate, hence the source of said pain (https://projectavalon.net/forum4/showthread.php?30405-Here-and-Now...What-s-Happening&p=1468589&viewfull=1#post1468589) was my own doing doing. When going for a budget reflector I later discovered that it uses a spherical shape primary mirror. Because light from planets (https://projectavalon.net/forum4/showthread.php?114680-Planetary-Conjunction-December-21-2020-Image&p=1446197&viewfull=1#post1446197) doesn't come back to its secondary mirror at the bottom of focuser tube at a single focal point (as what happens with proper made parabolic primary mirror and extra $$$) a subsequent domed glass piece is needed before it comes up through the eyepiece. This has the effect of making the laser dot become like an elongated blob and the process of collimation reduces to a.. eh close enough type effort.

That Dobsonian from santa and I'd never ask for anything ever again! What a beauty! The collapsable ones at the back with motorized mount is my next buy I'm saving for. Up on the aperture to around 10"-12" . With my current one can't really see any of the very cool and interesting deeper sky objects available.

My first 'scope many moons ago was a second-hand 4'' Newtonian reflector I got for £50 and had many many happy hours hours with it. I will never forget my first sight of saturn - a tiny disk with faint protuberances at either end (the rings) Nothing at all like the pictures in my astronomy books of course, but the thrill of it was because I realised that I was observing this planet in real time - as it was in that very moment. I could not bear to part with it and it remained in the attic for many years even when I stopped serious stargazing. I never got the hang of the altazimuth motor - much preferring to manually jiggle the little wheels at the end of the rods (whatever they were called!) to get my bearings.

[Ankle Biter]

The JWST is now fully deployed.

Next will be positioning and stabalizing in L2 point so that optimal operating temperatures are reached.

Then calibration of the primary mirror segments. Similar to collimating your own reflector telescope (https://youtu.be/8G98RTP6jbY), which they say isn't hard but for me a true pain in the ass.

Apologies for going slightly off topic but it's not that hard with one of those laser jobbies they are using, they aren't expensive either.

PS. Santa can I have one of those nice Dobsonians like on that vid next Christmas please ?

True about those laser jobbies mate, hence the source of said pain (https://projectavalon.net/forum4/showthread.php?30405-Here-and-Now...What-s-Happening&p=1468589&viewfull=1#post1468589) was my own doing doing. When going for a budget reflector I later discovered that it uses a spherical shape primary mirror. Because light from planets (https://projectavalon.net/forum4/showthread.php?114680-Planetary-Conjunction-December-21-2020-Image&p=1446197&viewfull=1#post1446197) doesn't come back to its secondary mirror at the bottom of focuser tube at a single focal point (as what happens with proper made parabolic primary mirror and extra $$$) a subsequent domed glass piece is needed before it comes up through the eyepiece. This has the effect of making the laser dot become like an elongated blob and the process of collimation reduces to a.. eh close enough type effort.

That Dobsonian from santa and I'd never ask for anything ever again! What a beauty! The collapsable ones at the back with motorized mount is my next buy I'm saving for. Up on the aperture to around 10"-12" . With my current one can't really see any of the very cool and interesting deeper sky objects available.

My first 'scope many moons ago was a second-hand 4'' Newtonian reflector I got for £50 and had many many happy hours hours with it. I will never forget my first sight of saturn - a tiny disk with faint protuberances at either end (the rings) Nothing at all like the pictures in my astronomy books of course, but the thrill of it was because I realised that I was observing this planet in real time - as it was in that very moment. I could not bear to part with it and it remained in the attic for many years even when I stopped serious stargazing. I never got the hang of the altazimuth motor - much preferring to manually jiggle the little wheels at the end of the rods (whatever they were called!) to get my bearings.

The thrill are returns that don't diminish either. Lately I am really enjoying seeing the gallilean moons of Jupiter dancing around and each in a different position from one night to the next.

Since getting it I think 2 years ago now, every viewing as like a full immersion in observation. Truly does feel like I'm part of a universal consciousness that is looking back and witnessing itself.

[ExomatrixTV]

How James Webb's Mirrors MUST Work:

-cUp0AEwV2w

¤=[Post Update]=¤




Webb Space Telescope’s Million Mile Journey to L2 (https://scitechdaily.com/webb-space-telescopes-million-mile-journey-to-l2-is-nearly-complete/) Is Nearly Complete



Nasa’s James Webb Space Telescope Has Reached Its Destination. Now what (https://www.techradar.com/news/nasas-james-webb-space-telescope-has-reached-its-destination-now-what)?

[ExomatrixTV]

10h James Webb Space Telescope Free Roam | Out Of This World Relaxing Experience 4k:

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9,9 Gb mp4 720p

[ExomatrixTV]

Nasa Science Live: What’s Next for the James Webb Space Telescope?

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The past month has been an exciting one for NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope — from launch in tropical French Guiana, to the two-week unfolding of this intricately-packed telescope, the observatory has gone through a huge transformation in space. What’s next for Webb as it cools down over the next five months and looks to #UnfoldTheUniverse (https://www.youtube.com/hashtag/unfoldtheuniverse)? Join mission experts and submit your questions on social media using #UnfoldTheUniverse (https://www.youtube.com/hashtag/unfoldtheuniverse). Meet the experts: Dr. Amber Straughn is Deputy Project Scientist for Webb Science Communications at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland. She has been working on this mission for over 13 years and is most looking forward to the unexpected discoveries we’ll make with the telescope; the things that may completely surprise us. In her spare time, she loves hiking, yoga, flying, live music, and doing what she can to make her corner of the world a better place. Miss Scarlin Hernandez is Webb Flight Systems Engineer at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Maryland. With the Webb mission, she is most looking forward to learning more about the origin of life and discovering things we didn’t know were out there. In her free time, she enjoys meditating, empowering others, listening to music and spending time with family and friends. Miss Tahira Allen is Communication Strategist for the NASA Headquarters digital media team in Washington. Completion of Webb’s major deployments in space was one of the most exciting moments for her during this mission. In her own words: "Talk about human ingenuity at its finest!” In Tahira's spare time she enjoys cooking, exercising, spending time with family and friends, mentoring University of Georgia students, and learning about world history.

[Did You See Them]

James Webb Telescope fires thrusters to reach final stop a million miles from Earth and begins orbit around sun.

The world's most powerful space telescope has reached its final stop - one million miles from Earth - a month after setting off on its historic voyage.
The James Webb Telescope fired rocket thrusters for about five minutes in a final course correction to enter orbit around the sun, with NASA confirming it had gone to plan.
Flight controllers back in Baltimore celebrated and NASA administrator Bill Nelson said it meant "we're one step closer to uncovering the mysteries of the universe".

https://news.sky.com/story/james-webb-telescope-fires-thrusters-to-reach-final-stop-a-million-miles-from-earth-and-begins-orbit-around-sun-12524664

[ExomatrixTV]

Mission Update: James Webb Has Reached Its Final Destination!

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James Webb Space Telescope Mission Update: At 2 p.m. EST on January 24, Webb's thrusters were fired by ground operators for the L2 orbit insertion. James Webb has completed the burn and has been successfully placed in orbit around the L2 Lagrange point. With this, all the 344 single-point-failure items have retired. James Webb Space Telescope was launched on Christmas Day 2021 aboard an Ariane 5 rocket from French Guiana. On its million-mile trip to the L2 point, Webb completed the deployment of its sunshield, primary mirror, secondary mirror, and mirror adjustments. Webb will now calibrate its instruments and cool down further to make IR observations. The telescope parts that observe the sky will be at -233 ºC or 40 K. However, one of the instruments (MIRI) will cool down to 6.7 kelvins. The first thing that James Webb will see:

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¤=[Post Update]=¤


Black Hole That's Creating Stars Instead of Destroying Them:

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another JWST (https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/) candidate?

[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Telescope Arrived And Funny Deployed, Here's What's Next:

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[ExomatrixTV]

How James Webb Orbits "Nothing":

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[ExomatrixTV]

The first image of James Webb Telescope is being awaited by thousands of space scientists.

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[ExomatrixTV]

What Might The New James Webb Telescope Discover?

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[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Telescope Is FINALLY Proving Stephen Hawking's MultiverseTheory!:

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[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Just Turned On Its Camera To Look At Its First Target:

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[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Telescope: A New Age in Astronomy:

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[ExomatrixTV]

Fine-Tuning the James Webb Space Telescope on This Week @NASA – February 11, 2022:

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[ExomatrixTV]

Photons Received: Webb Sees Its First Star – 18 Times:

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[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Telescope Terrifying Alien Planet Discovery Will Change Everything!:

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The James Webb Space Telescope cost ten billion dollars and consumed countless person-hours. It is also the most complex and powerful space telescope ever built by humans. So, expectations are high for this brand new eye in deep space! One of these expectations is what scientists have been grappling with for ages; is there life elsewhere in the universe? Are there aliens there waiting to contact us? One of the areas the James Webb Space Telescope may find aliens or life signals is Hycean planets. Can the new space telescope find life out there? Join us as we dive into how the new James Webb Telescope will discover alien life! Few space missions have taxed NASA and the whole space scientific community as the James Webb Telescope! With a cost that ended up being ten times the original budget, and multiple delays, including the new cancellation of the program by the Senate, everybody involved breathed a half sigh of relief, if there is ever anything like that! Everything about the JWST was complex, yet the team launching it had only one shot at getting it right. This was because it would be situated where it was impossible to send a repair mission, one million away from the Earth at a place known as the Lagrange 2 point! That orbit is unique because it lets the telescope stay in line with the Earth as it moves around the Sun. This allows the satellite's large sunshield to protect the telescope from the light and heat of the Sun, Earth, and Moon! JWST primarily observes infrared light, which can sometimes be felt as heat. Because the telescope will observe the faint infrared signals of very distant objects, it needs to be shielded from any bright, hot sources, including from the satellite itself! The sunshield serves to separate the sensitive mirrors and instruments from not only the Sun, Earth, and Moon, but also the spacecraft bus. To get an idea of the heat shield, the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides of the telescope is enormous; you could almost boil water on the hot side and freeze nitrogen on the chilly side! The telescope will operate at about 225 degrees below zero Celsius (minus 370 Fahrenheit. To have the sunshield be effective protection-it gives the telescope the equivalent of SPF one million sunscreen-against the light and heat of the Sun/Earth/Moon, these bodies all have to be located in the same direction. The JWST spent the first day after launch executing the first and most crucial trajectory correction maneuver using small rocket engines aboard the telescope itself. It also released and deployed the high gain antenna to enable the highest available data communication rates as early as possible. During the first week, the JWST executed a second trajectory correction maneuver and began the sequence of significant deployments, beginning with the fore and aft sunshield pallets. The next step was separating the spacecraft bus and telescope by extending the telescoping tower between them. The tower extended about 2 meters and had to be extended so that the rest of the sunshield deployment could proceed. Next, the sunshield membranes were unpinned, and the telescoping sunshield midbooms extended, pulling the membranes out with them. The last step in the sunshield deployment step was tensioning of the membranes. In the meantime, other things like radiators were released and deployed. JWST finished deploying the telescope structures during the second week by unfolding and latching the secondary mirror tripod and rotating and latching the two primary mirror wings. And near the end of the first month, it executed the last mid-course maneuver to insert into the optimum orbit around L2. The various scientific instruments were also powered up. Kudos to the launch team because due to the flawlessness of the process, the service life of the space telescope has been extended. Previously, NASA expected the fuel in the telescope to last about ten years.



James Webb Space Telescope OFFICIALLY focusing its attention on the Big Dipper:

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The James Webb Space Telescope is focusing its attention on the Big Dipper. Although the spacecraft is still months away from starting formal scientific observations, one especially brilliant star known as HD 84406 will be the focus of JWST's attention shortly. "Star light, star bright … the first star Webb will see is HD 84406, a sun-like star about 260 light years away," NASA officials tweeted on Friday. HD 84406 is in the constellation Ursa Major, which translates as "Big Bear" in Latin. This constellation includes the Big Dipper asterism (or star pattern), which is the tail of this fuzzy beast. The star has a visual magnitude of roughly 6.9, making it impossible to view with the human eye. You'll need a telescope or high-powered binoculars to view the star. Our guide to the finest telescopes for 2022, as well as our guide to the best binoculars, may help you select the appropriate pair to seek Webb's star. JWST has arrived at its ultimate destination in orbit, and the mission crew is preparing the next-generation space telescope for observations. According to the tweet, a bright spot like HD 84406 provides a useful target for the team to align JWST's honeycomb-shaped mirrors and begin capturing engineering data. This star will be essential for this reason, but it will not be investigated by the observatory once it begins its research missions.


James Webb Telescope Terrifying Image of The Big Bang Will Rewrite Physics!:

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There is no recent event in space and astronomy that comes close in hype to the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope! After a wait that seemed like an eternity and tortured people in the scientific community, the new and powerful space telescope has made its way to its location, where it will use its large lens to capture mind-blowing images of the universe! Some of the pictures will be the much acclaimed Big Bang, giving scientists their best chance ever to understand the great event that started it all! However, why do we need to understand the Big Bang, and how will the James Webb Space Telescope help us do that? Join us as we dive into the terrifying pictures that the James Webb Space Telescope will take and how it changes everything! You have probably gazed up at the sky and wish you could get a closer look at them! That has been the dream of humanity for a long time, and we have sent lots of space telescopes up there to give us better looks at the stars and other celestial bodies! Popular spaces telescopes include the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, SOHO, which has spent the last 25 years looking at the sun! Another one is the Chandra, the world's most powerful X-ray telescope. Chandra, named for Indian-American physicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, examines the X-rays emitted by some of the universe's strangest objects, including quasars, immense clouds of gas and dust, and particles sucked into black holes. It was launched in 1999 by NASA. The granddaddy of space telescopes was the Hubble, which has been observing from Earth orbit for more than 30 years! Hubble, the first of NASA's Great Observatories, has revolutionized astronomy, providing stunning images of countless cosmic objects and giving astronomers their most distant views of the universe with the Hubble Deep Field and Ultra Deep Field! Hubble has meant so much during its 30-year run. For one thing, it's sent us unforgettable, jaw-droppingly beautiful images like those of the Lagoon Nebula and the Pillars of Creation! However, none of these space telescopes are as powerful as the James Webb Space Telescope, which launched last December! Basically, you can say the JWST represents the culmination of decades, if not centuries, of astronomy! The JWST project was originally supposed to launch in 2010 and cost around $1 billion. Its price tag ballooned to $10 billion, and it was way overdue. But the wait would be more than worth it! The JWST improves on Hubble in two key ways. The first is the sheer size! While the Hubble was about the size of a school bus, the JWST is more like the size of a tennis court! It is so enormous that it is by far the biggest telescope NASA's ever attempted to send into space! But the size is not the only improvement here that matters. When you are building a reflecting telescope, the key component is the size of its curved mirror. The telescope mirror is like a light bucket. The more light you can collect in your bucket, the fainter and farther-away things you can see in the universe! Hubble's mirror was an impressive 7.8 feet in diameter. JWST, however, surpasses that with its beautiful, gold-hued mirrors that combined form a diameter of 21.3 feet! Overall, that gives the JWST more than six times the light-collecting area of the Hubble! The JWST has other advantages making it more powerful than the Hubble. One of them is the type of light it collects. You see, light comes in a lot of different varieties. The human eye can see only a narrow band known as visible light, but the universe contains lots of light outside this range, including the higher-frequency, higher-energy forms known as ultraviolet gamma rays. Then there's the lower-energy light with longer wavelengths: infrared, microwaves, radio. The Hubble collects visible light, ultraviolet, and a little bit of infrared, but the JWST is primarily an infrared telescope, so it sees the light that is in a longer wavelength than what our eyes can see. This is what allows Webb to look further back in time than the Hubble, and we will get to how this affects the Big Bang in a moment! While one reason for all the launch delays had to do with contractor snafus and political interference, a big source of all of them is the complexity of the telescope itself! Due to its size, there weren't any rockets that were big enough to launch it fully deployed. So the telescope had to be folded up to fit inside a rocket! Upping the stakes is the fact that while Hubble sits around 340 miles above the Earth, the JSWT will be almost a million miles away, four times the distance from the Earth to the moon! It means human hands cannot fix the JWST if it breaks! That's scary for a 10 billion dollar asset, especially if you consider the history of the Hubble! Shortly after the Hubble launched in 1990, engineers realized there was a problem with its mirror; the telescope's initial images came back fuzzy, and astronauts had to launch a space shuttle to fix it! However, that

[ExomatrixTV]

Wow, Habitable Zone Planet May Be Orbiting This White Dwarf:

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The James Webb Telescope Candidate?

[Ankle Biter]

First images of star in Ursa Major captured (nothing spectacular yet) but purposefully captured 18 different mirror segments. Fine tuning mode.

Dr Becky conveys pretty well the excitement felt by Stargazers everywhere.

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Link to NASA blogs (JWST images) (https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/2022/02/11/photons-received-webb-sees-its-first-star-18-times/)

https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/wp-content/uploads/sites/326/2022/02/alignment_mosaic_compressed-768x520.png



Primary mirror segments alignment nuts and bolts. (https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/2022/02/03/photons-incoming-webb-team-begins-aligning-the-telescope/)


Edit: Sorry John, didn't see you already covered in post #130 (https://projectavalon.net/forum4/showthread.php?113456-The-Power-Of-The-James-Webb-Telescope-in-Space-To-Be-Launched-in-2021&p=1482452&viewfull=1#post1482452) :lol: (must have been viewing previous page when I posted)

[ExomatrixTV]

Pollution from Alien Civilizations Could Be Seen By James Webb Telescope:

O81CD5bNlww

[s7e6e]

So they finally decided to use photos taken by a Sofia 2.0

[ExomatrixTV]

Exploring Alien Worlds with NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope: Searching for Biosignatures:

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James Webb Space Telescope Locks it’s First Target ! First Live Images? Aliens? | Latest NASA Update:

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[ExomatrixTV]

"Is This A Sign?.." America Please Pay Attention (2022):

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[ExomatrixTV]

Nasa Esa James Webb Space Telescope Finds Super Earth Mini Neptune:

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James Webb Telescope Terrifying Discovery Of Guide Star:

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NASA ESA James Webb Space Telescope Captures First Image of Star HD 84406 in Space:

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[ExomatrixTV]

Another James Webb Space Telescope Update! (Space News):

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[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Space Telescope will help assess Atmospheres of Strange 'Sub-Neptunes':

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The sharp mirrors of the James Webb Space Telescope will finally be able to probe into the atmospheres of sub-Neptunes, which are mysterious planets that aren't found anywhere near Earth. The observatory is in the middle of a commissioning period that will last until about June. But when it is ready, the observatory will seek out sub-Neptunes that are close to their parent stars to assess more about the "fundamental nature" of these large planets, NASA said. Although classified as planets that are bigger than Earth but smaller than Neptune, sub-Neptunes remain mysterious by many metrics despite the discovery of hundreds of these worlds, NASA said in a statement late in 2021. "Are they dense, Earth-like balls of rock and iron, blanketed in thick layers of hydrogen and helium gas? Or less dense mixtures of rock and ice, surrounded by steamy, water-rich atmospheres?" NASA asked. "With limited data and no planets of similar size and orbit in our own solar system to use for comparison, it has been difficult to answer these questions." Answering these questions will require a deep dive into the sub-Neptunes' atmospheres, using a technique called transmission spectroscopy. Webb will watch each planet as the world passes across the face of its respective parent star. Some of the wavelengths or colors of starlight will be filtered out due to gases in the planet's atmosphere, allowing scientists to look for a distinctive "signature" for different elements. james webb space telescope images james webb images james webb telescope

[Ankle Biter]

Primary Mirrors aligned. Resolving power is ridiculously good. A few dotting of the i's and crossing of the t's then we're in for something magical!

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[ExomatrixTV]

NASA’s Webb Reaches Alignment Milestone, Optics Working Successfully:

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Following the completion of critical mirror alignment steps, the James Webb Space Telescope team has great confidence that the observatory’s optical performance will meet or exceed the science goals it was built to achieve. On March 11, the Webb team completed the stage of alignment known as “fine phasing” – and at this key stage in the commissioning of Webb’s Optical Telescope Element, every optical parameter that has been checked and tested is performing at, or above, expectations. The team found no critical issues and no measurable contamination or blockages to Webb’s optical path. The observatory is able to successfully gather light from distant objects and deliver it to its instruments without issue. Although there are months to go before Webb ultimately delivers its new view of the cosmos, achieving this milestone means the team is confident that Webb’s first-of-its-kind optical system is working as well as possible.


nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-webb-reaches-alignment-milestone-optics-working-successfully (https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-webb-reaches-alignment-milestone-optics-working-successfully)

[ExomatrixTV]

The James Webb Telescope Is Almost Ready To Go To Work

Miraculous things are now weeks away... The James Web Space Telescope was launched at Christmas and now sits in a LaGrange point nearly a million miles from earth.

All 18 mirrors are now roughly in alignment and NASA is starting to test the device. And look at the first picture that has come back. It’s pretty amazing.

The main image is of a star called 2MASS J17554042+6551277 and the image is unbelievably clear. But what’s not immediately apparent is what’s in the background: on its first image, the JWST took a shot of billion year old galaxies merging. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QS2dMTzV5W0)

And this is just the first image. They’re still tweaking it. It’s not going to be fully functional until this summer.

QS2dMTzV5W0


source (https://www.dukebasketballreport.com/2022/3/20/22986132/james-webb-telescope-is-almost-ready-to-go-to-work)

[ExomatrixTV]

NASA’s Most Unexpected Discoveries In Space (2022):

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Weirdest Things NASA Has Found in Space. NASA is full of experts in the field of space and science, and throughout the years they have come across some truly peculiar things which make even the most seasoned pros take a second look at how they view the cosmos. From terrifying exoplanets, to finding gamma-ray space bubbles, lets take a deep dive into space and view the strangest things we have ever found.

[ExomatrixTV]

5,000 Exoplanets! Nasa Confirms Big Milestone For Planetary Science:

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Our tally of strange, new worlds just reached 5,000.

Astronomers have added the 5,000th alien world to the NASA Exoplanet Archive, officials with the agency's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Southern California announced on Monday (https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/cosmic-milestone-nasa-confirms-5000-exoplanets) (March 21).

The milestone comes amid a surge of recent discoveries and the promise of more insights to come, as NASA's $10 billion James Webb Space Telescope (https://www.space.com/21925-james-webb-space-telescope-jwst.html) readies for planet-gazing operations in deep space.

"The 5,000-plus planets found so far include small, rocky worlds like Earth, gas giants many times larger than Jupiter (https://www.space.com/7-jupiter-largest-planet-solar-system.html), and 'hot Jupiters' in scorchingly close orbits around their stars," JPL officials said in Monday's statement.

"There are 'super-Earths,' which are possible rocky worlds bigger than our own, and 'mini-Neptunes (https://www.space.com/mini-neptune-exoplanet-transform-super-earth),' smaller versions of our system's Neptune," JPL officials added. "Add to the mix planets orbiting two stars at once and planets stubbornly orbiting the collapsed remnants of dead stars."


Related: The 10 biggest exoplanet discoveries of 2021 (https://www.space.com/biggest-exoplanet-discoveries-2021)

The NASA Exoplanet Archive (https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/) is housed at the California Institute for Technology (Caltech). To be added to the catalog, planets must be independently confirmed by two different methods, and the work must be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

The first exoplanets were found in the early 1990s. While telescopes on the ground and in space have done well to get the count to 5,000 since then, Jessie Christiansen, science lead of the NASA Exoplanet Archive, stated (https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/exoplanet-count-tops-5000) on Caltech's website that the worlds found to date are "mostly in this little bubble around our solar system, where they are easier to find."

"Of the 5,000 exoplanets (https://www.space.com/17738-exoplanets.html) known, 4,900 are located within a few thousand light-years of us," Christiansen added. "And think about the fact that we're 30,000 light-years from the center of the galaxy; if you extrapolate from the little bubble around us, that means there are many more planets in our galaxy we haven't found yet, as many as 100 to 200 billion. It's mind-blowing."


Click here for more Space.com videos... (https://videos.space.com/m/Ng1ycUxa/5000-exoplanet-discoveries-turned-into-music-by-data-sonification?list=9wzCTV4g)

The first confirmed planetary discovery came in 1992, when astronomers Alex Wolszczan and Dale Frail published a paper in the journal Nature (https://go.redirectingat.com/?id=92X1588396&xcust=space_nl_1201635277319401700&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2F355145a0&sref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2Fnasa-confirms-5000-exoplanets-milestone)

. They spotted two worlds orbiting a pulsar (a rapidly rotating, dense star corpse) by measuring subtle changes in the timing of the pulses as the light reached Earth.

Ground-based telescopes did the heavy lifting in those early years, and it took several more searches to finally uncover the first planet around a sun-like star in 1995. That world was not hospitable to life as we know it; it was a scorching-hot gas giant that whipped around its parent star in only four Earth days.

Astronomers found these worlds by spotting wobbles (back and forth gravitationally induced motions) of stars as planets tugged upon them. Larger worlds were easier to spot, as they induced bigger wobbles. To find more Earth-sized planets, astronomers said at the time, they would need to try something called the "transit" method. That would assess the light of a star and look for tiny fluctuations as a planet passed across the face.

Astronomer William Borucki helped realize that vision as the principal investigator of NASA's Kepler space telescope (https://www.space.com/24903-kepler-space-telescope.html), which launched in 2009 and exceeded its main mission by several years until it finally ran out of fuel in 2018. Kepler has racked up more than 2,700 planet discoveries (https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/keplerscience/) to date, many of them Earth-sized or smaller worlds, and still has a database generating fresh finds to this day.

Related stories:


— These 10 super extreme exoplanets are out of this world (https://www.space.com/10-super-extreme-exoplanets)
— 7 ways to discover alien planets (https://www.space.com/20941-alien-planet-detection-techniques-countdown.html)
— 10 exoplanets that could host alien life (https://www.space.com/18790-habitable-exoplanets-catalog-photos.html)

Many other instruments have joined the planet hunt since Kepler launched. On the ground, the HARPS spectrograph, which is part of the 11.8-foot (3.6-meter) telescope at the European Southern Observatory's La Silla Observatory in Chile, is an adept planet-hunter of its own.

By 2011 (eight years after first light), HARPS had discovered more than 150 exoplanets (https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1134/). While access has been restricted periodically (https://www.eso.org/sci/facilities/lasilla/instruments/harps/news.html) in latter years due to the coronavirus pandemic, HARPS remains operational and continues to seek new worlds with high precision.

In space, numerous observatories also assist with the planet search, among them NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS (https://www.space.com/39939-tess-satellite-exoplanet-hunter.html)), the NASA-European Space Agency (ESA) Hubble Space Telescope (https://www.space.com/15892-hubble-space-telescope.html), and ESA's Characterizing Exoplanet Satellite (CHEOPS (https://www.space.com/36144-cheops-exoplanet-satellite.html)). Several other huge telescopes under construction on the ground, including the Giant Magellan Telescope and the Extremely Large Telescope in Chile, are scheduled to come online later this decade, adding other powerful eyes to the ongoing search.

Webb will help enhance the tally of exoplanets by studying the atmospheres (https://www.space.com/the-james-webb-space-telescope-will-map-the-atmosphere-of-exoplanets) of several relatively nearby worlds in detail. While such work may focus largely on gas giants, scientists say Webb's observations will be useful for a future generation of observatories with even more high-powered optics ready to see planets closer in size to Earth.


source (https://www.space.com/nasa-confirms-5000-exoplanets-milestone) (with video)

[ExomatrixTV]

Stunning Details in First Image from James Webb Space Telescope (JWST):

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[ExomatrixTV]

Hairy Black Holes?! Plus Jwst Alignment Image Explained | Night Sky News March 2022

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00:00 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SyvpSe4F4k&t=0s) - Introduction
00:40 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SyvpSe4F4k&t=40s) - The March sky
01:33 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SyvpSe4F4k&t=93s) - Venus, Mars & Saturn morning sky
01:49 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SyvpSe4F4k&t=109s) - Toenail Moon and planets 27th/28th March
02:19 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SyvpSe4F4k&t=139s) - Jupiter joins them mid April
02:34 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SyvpSe4F4k&t=154s) - Meteors and the ISS
03:09 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SyvpSe4F4k&t=189s) - JWST image and diffraction limited resolution
08:32 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SyvpSe4F4k&t=512s) - JWST 8 pointed star shape explained
10:50 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SyvpSe4F4k&t=650s) - What's next for JWST?
13:37 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SyvpSe4F4k&t=817s) - ExoMars & Rosalind Franklin rover suspended
15:25 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SyvpSe4F4k&t=925s) - Quantum hairy black holes?!
21:05 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SyvpSe4F4k&t=1265s) - Outro
21:34 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SyvpSe4F4k&t=1294s) - Wondrium educational streaming service
23:04 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SyvpSe4F4k&t=1384s) - Bloopers

[ExomatrixTV]

Hubble Finds The Most Distant Star In The Universe and It's Super Far Away:

nuWuTTHOAOo



The Sunrise Arc Galaxy with Lensed Star Earendel (Annotated)

https://cdn.spacetelescope.org/archives/images/thumb700x/heic2203b.jpg (https://cdn.spacetelescope.org/archives/images/screen/heic2203b.jpg)

The star nicknamed Earendel (indicated here with an arrow) is positioned along a ripple in spacetime that gives it extreme magnification, allowing it to emerge into view from its host galaxy, which appears as a red smear across the sky. The whole scene is viewed through the distorted lens created by a massive galaxy cluster in the intervening space, which allows the galaxy's features to be seen, but also warps their appearance—an effect astronomers call gravitational lensing (https://esahubble.org/wordbank/gravitational-lensing/). The red dots on either side of Earendel are one star cluster that is mirrored on either side of the ripple, a result of the gravitational lensing distortion. The entire galaxy, called the Sunrise Arc, appears three times, and knots along its length are more mirrored star clusters. Earendel's unique position right along the line of most extreme magnification allows it to be detected, even though it is not a cluster.


With this observation, the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has established an extraordinary new benchmark: detecting the light of a star that existed within the first billion years after the Universe’s birth in the Big Bang (at a redshift of 6.2) — the most distant individual star ever seen. This sets up a major target for the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope in its first year.

Credit:NASA, ESA, B. Welch (JHU), D. Coe (STScI), A. Pagan (STScI)


source (https://esahubble.org/images/heic2203b/)

How the James Webb Space Telescope's infrared detectors will open New Vistas in Astronomy (https://www.space.com/james-webb-space-telescoe-infrared-light-astronomy-vistas-video)

The telescope 'time machine' will deliver 13.5 billion years of cosmic history.

[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Telescope Update and The Spy Satellite Mirrors:

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An exploration of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope and its history along with updates on both the James Webb Space Telescope and the Hubble Space Telescope.




James Webb Space Telescope New Star Target Set by Hubble Space Telescope in Space:

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James Webb Space Telescope Next Star Target Set by Hubble Space Telescope for Earendel

[ExomatrixTV]

Mapping the Local Group - "Webb is built on a scale approaching the largest telescopes on the ground, and it will be cold enough to provide the full potential for the mid-infrared," said the scientists. "The sensitivity gains and the image clarity will both be nearly a factor of 100 better than ever before." Of course, the exploration of the unseen universe starts with building a better picture of the local universe — which means the Local Group, a collective of three primary galaxies: our Milky Way, Andromeda (https://interestingengineering.com/andromeda-galaxy), and Triangulum, in addition to roughly 50 dwarf galaxies. Images of that alone will rapidly expand our grasp of the cosmos, but in the long run for the James Webb Space Telescope, it's merely the beginning (https://interestingengineering.com/james-webb-telescope-will-reveal-dawn-of-cosmos).


source (https://interestingengineering.com/james-webb-telescope-infrared)

[ExomatrixTV]

NASA Confirms The Existence of Over 5000 Exoplanets, Here Are The Details:

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Which of the 5000+ ExoPlanets (https://projectavalon.net/forum4/showthread.php?113456-The-Power-Of-The-James-Webb-Telescope-in-Space-To-Be-Launched-in-2021&p=1489546&viewfull=1#post1489546) are the best candidates for The James Webb Telescope?

[ExomatrixTV]

Nasa's Next-gen Space Telescopes (https://interestingengineering.com/nasa-space-telescope-webb-liquid-lens) Could Dwarf Webb. By Using Liquid Lenses?

They could even "eliminate the effect of gravity".

https://inteng-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/img/iea/3oOpylyVGW/sizes/nasa-space-telescope-webb-liquid-lens_resize_md.jpg (https://interestingengineering.com/nasa-space-telescope-webb-liquid-lens)


H_qPWZbxFl8

[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Space Telescope Position - View From Earth:

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While the purpose of this image was to focus on the bright star at the center for alignment evaluation, Webb's optics and NIRCam are so sensitive that the galaxies and stars seen in the background show up. At this stage of Webb’s mirror alignment, known as “fine phasing,” each of the primary mirror segments have been adjusted to produce one unified image of the same star using only the NIRCam instrument. This image of the star, which is called 2MASS J17554042+6551277, uses a red filter to optimize visual contrast. Credits: NASA/STScI Coarse


Phasing Step 4 Nominal Event Time: Starts - Launch + ~3 Months Status: Ongoing

Although Image Stacking puts all the light in one place on the detector, the segments are still acting as 18 small telescopes rather than one big one. The segments need to be lined up with each other with an accuracy smaller than the wavelength of the light. Conducted three times during the commissioning process, Coarse Phasing measures and corrects the vertical displacement (piston difference) of the mirror segments. Using a technology known as Dispersed Fringe Sensing, we use NIRCam to capture light spectra from 20 separate pairings of mirror segments. The spectrum will resemble a barber pole pattern with a slope (or angle) determined by the piston difference of the two segments in the pairing.


Phasing Step 5 Nominal Event Time: Starts - Launch + ~3 Months Status: Future

Fine Phasing is also conducted three times, directly after each round of Coarse Phasing, and then routinely throughout Webb’s lifespan. These operations measure and correct the remaining alignment errors using the same defocusing method applied during Segment Alignment. However, instead of using the secondary mirror, we use special optical elements inside the science instrument which introduce varying amounts of defocus for each image (-8, -4, +4, and +8 waves of defocus). Telescope Alignment Over All Instrument Fields of View


Phasing Step 6 Nominal Event Time: Starts - Launch + ~3 Months Status: Ongoing

After Fine Phasing (step 5), the telescope will be well aligned at one place in the NIRCam field of view. Now we need to extend the alignment to the rest of the instruments. In this phase of the commissioning process, we make measurements at multiple locations, or field points, across each of the science instruments, as shown below. More variation in intensity indicates larger errors at that field point. An algorithm calculates the final corrections needed to achieve a well-aligned telescope across all science instruments. Iterate Alignment for Final Correction


Phasing Step 7 Nominal Event Time: Starts - Launch + ~4 Months Status: Future

After applying the Field of View correction, the key thing left to address is the removal of any small, residual positioning errors in the primary mirror segments. We measure and make corrections using the Fine Phasing process (step 5). We will do a final check of the image quality across each of the science instruments; once this is verified, the wavefront sensing and controls process will be complete. As we go through the seven steps, we may find that we need to iterate earlier steps as well. The process is flexible and modular to allow for iteration. After roughly three months of aligning the telescope, we will be ready to proceed to commissioning the instruments.

[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Space Telescope Captures Moving Black Hole Accidentally and It Is WOW!!!

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James Webb Space Telescope Captures Moving Black Hole Accidentally and It Is WOW!!! What if we told you that apart from the star, and the multiple galaxies captured by the Webb telescope, there was something else in that image that everyone missed? The JWST accidentally captured a moving black hole. YouCurious? Discover More. Know More.


James Webb Space Telescope Capture Moving Black Hole with Long Tail Light in Space:

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[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Space Telescope 14 NEW Images!

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[ExomatrixTV]

Astronomers Finally Discovered First Ever White Hole:

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A white hole is basically the opposite of black holes, in that it spits out light and matter, rather than trapping it. The Milky Way galaxy contains some 100 billion stars, The nearest black hole is some 1,600 light years from Earth. In the region of the Universe visible from Earth. When massive stars die, they do not fade gently into the good night. They collapse in on themselves and explode. It's called a supernova, and it is the largest explosion that takes place in space.


Candidate for The James Webb Telescope?

[Johnnycomelately]

Astronomers Finally Discovered First Ever White Hole:



Fun idea. Sounds like a good old Einstein prank. And the vid said nothing about discovering one, just saying. ~8O

[Johnnycomelately]

[LEFT]

James Webb Space Telescope 14 NEW Images!


Am glad they’re getting pictures. Impressive project.

You just know that scientists will eat up the data, and make brain f*rts for ages. Puts the fun in funding.

Forget the restaurant at the end of the universe, I want to see a big ‘fat lady’ singing. Whatever ‘she’ turns out to be. ~8D

[Ankle Biter]

Astronomers Finally Discovered First Ever White Hole:



Fun idea. Sounds like a good old Einstein prank. And the vid said nothing about discovering one, just saying. ~8O

The British sci-fi sitcom Red Dwarf had a lot of fun with the concept of a white hole in one for their episodes... was hilarious, had me in stitches but so did many of their other episodes.

Conceptualizing something that is the opposite to a black hole fries my noodle big time. The existence of a white hole as a opposite to a black hole where space-time is compressed to an infinitesimally dense and small singularity would imply that 'inside' the white hole is the opposite of dense & small yet emits light matter seemingly from nothing (opposite of a singularity - aka everywhere)? How then could this thing have any boundary?... Is it the universe itself a white hole and the cosmic microwave background radiation the boundary of all space time that recycles itself through black holes within?

In order to not violate the no energy or information is ever lost or newly created, the idea of a universe emerging from a big bang state of nothing before could be like the other side of the coin to where all light,matter,information goes when absorbed by a black hole. Where space-time is also funneled into a point like existence, to nothingness, then the emanations from a white hole is all that energy and matter returned with the adjoining information attached to it by space time wiped clean and part of a endless cycle. Hence a universe that was never born or never dies and just always was always is.

I don't know anything near enough about quantum physics let alone Newtonian physics to determine what is and isn't possible when it comes to intricate workings of the universe but it sure is fascinating to contemplate for the 5 minutes before sizzling brain sounds take over. :lol:

[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Space Telescope's next-gen spectrograph can observe 100 galaxies in one go (https://www.space.com/james-webb-space-telescope-nirspec-spectrograph-science) :faint2:



NASA James Webb Space Telescope Capture Beautiful Galaxies Pattern in Space Billion Light Year Away:

W-HehyZqC2w

[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Space Telescope FINALLY Seeing Black Holes!

lJHBJJTMjWw


JWST Vs HUBBLE IMAGES 5 🔴 Final Cooling - MIRI | James Webb Space Telescope:

YLCgirUASxU

[ExomatrixTV]

Webb’s Mid-Infrared Instrument Cooldown Continues:

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[ExomatrixTV]

Scientists Finally Discovered A New Way To Travel Faster Than Light 2022 (https://projectavalon.net/forum4/showthread.php?118369-Scientists-Finally-Discovered-A-New-Way-To-Travel-Faster-Than-Light-2022)

[ExomatrixTV]

THIS will be the First Science from James Webb Space Telescope (JWST):

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With the main instrument MIRI reaching its cooling milestone, I thought it was a good idea to have a look at what to expect from JWST's first year of science.


This Is The Coolest Thing In Space. And It's About To Get Cooler!

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With the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope, a lot of fascinating technology is now in space. But the centerpiece of the JWST requires incredibly cold temperatures, making the observatory the "coolest thing in space".

[ExomatrixTV]

Most Distant Galaxy Ever Seen HD1, May Violate Modern Theories:

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100% JWST candidate!

[ExomatrixTV]

5 Theories About What Lies Outside The Observable Universe!

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[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Turned On Its Camera and Captured These Images!

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James Webb Turned On Its Camera and Captured These Images! Finally, the first image from the James Webb Space Telescope has been released, and it is really stunning. The $10 billion telescope has been in development for more than two decades, and NASA engineers have spent weeks aligning the iconic golden mirrors of the telescope. The excitement for the photograph has long been anticipated.


This video was uploaded on April 22st, 2022

[ExomatrixTV]

Exoplanets And James Webb Space Telescope - Mysteries With A History:

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[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Telescope Updates: Calibrated and Cooled Down! Here's What's Next:

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stsci.edu/jwst/science-execution/approved-programs (https://www.stsci.edu/jwst/science-execution/approved-programs)
wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope)
blogs.nasa.gov/webb/2022/04/21/is-webb-at-its-final-temperature (https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/2022/04/21/is-webb-at-its-final-temperature/)
youtube.com/shorts/ObyBZ9926Es (https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ObyBZ9926Es)

[ExomatrixTV]

An Astrophysicist's Top 5 Targets for JWST:

qJgdTf0l_OE


00:00 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qJgdTf0l_OE&t=0s) - Introduction
00:55 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qJgdTf0l_OE&t=55s) - TRAPPIST-1
02:46 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qJgdTf0l_OE&t=166s) - GN-z11 & HD1
04:18 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qJgdTf0l_OE&t=258s) - Earendel
05:47 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qJgdTf0l_OE&t=347s) - COSMOS & CR7
09:20 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qJgdTf0l_OE&t=560s) - The galactic centre/Sagittarius A*
11:31 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qJgdTf0l_OE&t=691s) - Brilliant
12:37 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qJgdTf0l_OE&t=757s) - Bloopers

[ExomatrixTV]

The Celestial Targets To Look At With The James Webb Space Telescope:

-lhQNFj0pWk
2022-04-29 – The James Webb Space Telescope has a list of scientific targets based on chosen observation programs. Some of the scientific targets chosen by Canadian researchers are: • Exoplanets • Formation of galaxies • Massive stars • Brown dwarfs

[ExomatrixTV]

Webb in Full Focus - Mirrors are Aligned!:

E-pNS5mDExQ




How the James Webb Space Telescope Will Unfold the Universe | John C. Mather | TED:

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[ExomatrixTV]

How Webb's Cryocooler Works - MIRI is less than 7 Kelvin (-266.15 Celsius!):

FUH61gx149c

[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Space Telescope CRAZY Discovery Shocks Scientists!

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The James Webb telescope has done a great job and achieved a big milestone toward becoming the preeminent observatory in deep space. Look at these Large Magellanic Clouds, a satellite of the Milky Way. The image contains a large number of stars. And this all happened because James Webb took pictures with a high level of detail.

[ExomatrixTV]

Scientists Reveal How James Webb Telescope Would Capture Images Of Black Holes:

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Although the Hubble Space Telescope wasn’t the first-ever launched into space, it’s one of the largest and most valuable. It was used to discover and confirm that what were thought to be clouds of dust and gas were actually galaxies beyond the Milky Way. It’s the length of a school bus and weighs as much as two elephants. Now, this telescope dates to 1946, more than a decade before NASA was established. So, you can imagine the technology it ran on.

[ExomatrixTV]

Elon Musk REVEALED This About The James Webb Telescope!:

1M3e9uSIR7s
What is the James Webb Space Telescope? In simpler terms, you can say the James Webb Space Telescope is a vast and complex magnifying glass in the sky. In more technical terms, it is the most powerful and most complex observatory ever built by man. This space telescope was built with the combined efforts of three space agencies: NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), ESA (European Space Agency), and CSA (Canadian Space Agency). It was named after James E. Webb, NASA's administrator, from 1961 to 1968. He played an influential role in the Apollo program and was vital to its success. This new telescope was designed as the successor to the Hubble Space Telescope.

[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Telescope Terrifying Discovery Of Warp Bubbles!

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The James Webb Space Telescope is the most delayed in the history of telescopes! It is also the most expensive! However, these two attributes have only increased expectations for the observation station as it gets nearer to start delivering the goods! It will uncover many of the universe's secrets, but one of the discoveries stands out because it changes everything; the Warp Bubble! What is the Warp Bubble, and how will the James Webb Space help discover it? In this video, we dive into how the James Webb Space Telescope insane Warp Bubble discovery will change everything!

[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Telescope New Discovery At The Edge Of The Universe:

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[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Space Telescope Practices Tracking An Asteroid (https://www.space.com/james-webb-space-telescope-tracks-moving-target) For The 1st Time!
James Webb Space Telescope Will Let Us Look At ‘Super-Earth (https://www.independent.co.uk/space/james-webb-telescope-super-earth-rain-lava-b2088809.html)’ That Rains Lava

[ExomatrixTV]

Can the James Webb Space Telescope Find Alien Life?

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[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Telescope May Detect Artificial Lights On Proxima b:

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James Webb Space Telescope To Study Far Reaches Of Milky Way:

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James Webb Telescope 7 ALL NEW Images SHOCK The Entire Space Industry:

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What do you expect to get from a space telescope that cost a cool 10 billion dollars and made the whole world hold its breath during the launch and deployment? The James Webb Telescope is gradually settling into its new home, and it is already sending back pictures of the Universe! The latest pictures are stunning and shock the entire space industry! What is in the latest picture delivered by the James Webb Space Telescope, and why is everybody going gaga over it? Fewer space telescopes captured the world's attention like the James Webb Space Telescope! Fewer telescopes also got as delayed as the JWST. And no telescope costs as much! The JWST is a collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency, and the Canadian Space Agency. The JWST supplants the Hubble Space Telescope, which has not only provided stunning images but has also been vital in providing scientific knowledge about our Universe and its origins. But because astronomers and scientists need better instruments to help us understand the Universe, the JWST was conceived. After development and testing work that spanned decades and came close to being canceled by the government, the JWST launched on Christmas Day last year. That was no ordinary launch as the telescope had to be folded to fit on the launch vehicle! Its primary mirror, 2.7 times larger in diameter and about six times larger in surface, had to be broken into 18 parts!


Webb Space Telescope To Provide Details of Two Intriguing “Super-Earths (https://scitechdaily.com/webb-space-telescope-to-provide-details-of-two-intriguing-super-earths-in-the-milky-way/)” in the Milky Way

[ExomatrixTV]

Every time when I hear Nasa/Esa experts saying "what the hell is this" referring to new space anomalies/mysteries ... I always hope James Webb Space Telescope (#JWST) is FLEXIBLE enough to RE-PRIORITIZE their schedule who is using it and what for ... in other words who has the last say in what should be investigated by JWST what should be the target of deep investigation. Exoplanets should high up on that long list.

cheers,
John Kuhles (https://whynotnews.eu) aka 'ExomatrixTV'
June 6th, 2022 🦜🦋🌳


Perfect Example:

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Scientists Detected Strange Blinking Signals From Our Galaxy. The Milky Way galaxy is home to many strange things. For example, take a look at the almost 1,000 filaments, or strands, discovered in the Milky Way's core only late last year. Some of them are over 150 light-years in length. And just recently, scientists announced the discovery of yet another mysterious object, this time looking more like a star, but still unlike anything else they'd ever seen. One minute on, 18 minutes off, and then back on, that's how long it stays on. Neither a pulsar nor a supernova can be seen in its blinks. What in the universe could this strange blinking star be? Is this some sort of message from aliens? Or is it a message from the realms beyond our comprehension?

[ExomatrixTV]

5 Ways The James Webb Space Telescope Could Change Science (https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/james-webb-change-science/) Forever



Plot Twist: Hubble Just Confirmed Our Physics Is Broken:

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[ExomatrixTV]

NASA Just Discovered A Planet That Defies All Logic!:

mSWL0GBf-TM

Every time when I hear Nasa/Esa experts saying "what the hell is this" referring to new space anomalies/mysteries ... I always hope James Webb Space Telescope (#JWST) is FLEXIBLE enough to RE-PRIORITIZE their schedule who is using it and what for ... in other words who has the last say in what should be investigated by JWST what should be the target of deep investigation. Exoplanets should high up on that long list.

cheers,
John 🦜🦋🌳

[Did You See Them]

James Webb damaged in micrometeoroid impact, image quality remains high.

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has suffered a new setback, sustaining a micrometeoroid impact to one of its mirror segments. While larger than the impacts anticipated during ground testing, the science team says that the telescope should still be able to perform the tasks it was designed for.
Although space seems mostly empty, dust and debris are known to be floating around out there. Even tiny particles can damage spacecraft if they’re traveling at high speeds, and James Webb’s tennis-court-sized primary mirror makes for quite a large target. As such, extensive modeling and testing of impacts was conducted during design and construction of the telescope, to ensure that it could withstand the expected bombardment of micrometeoroids over its lifetime.
Between May 23 and 25, the JWST sustained an impact to one of its mirror segments, C3, which was larger than had been accounted for. Analysis and measurements are ongoing to assess the damage and how it may affect the science mission.

“With Webb’s mirrors exposed to space, we expected that occasional micrometeoroid impacts would gracefully degrade telescope performance over time,” said Lee Feinberg, optical telescope element manager of the JWST. “Since launch, we have had four smaller measurable micrometeoroid strikes that were consistent with expectations and this one more recently that is larger than our degradation predictions assumed.”

My Comment - Its only been up there a few months and already a sizable impact - That does not bode well for it's longevity !


https://newatlas.com/space/james-webb-space-telescope-damage-micrometeoroid-impact/

[Johnnycomelately]

James Webb damaged in micrometeoroid impact, image quality remains high.



My Comment - Its only been up there a few months and already a sizable impact - That does not bode well for it's longevity !


https://newatlas.com/space/james-webb-space-telescope-damage-micrometeoroid-impact/

Gorp might say it’s pre-disastered now. I don’t think big little bits, there, would be nearly as common as here in low earth orbit. Guess we’ll see.

[ExomatrixTV]

First Color Images From NASA’s Webb Space Telescope Coming Soon!

NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, a partnership with ESA (European Space Agency) and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), will release its first full-color images and spectroscopic data on July 12, 2022. As the largest and most complex observatory ever launched into space, Webb has been going through a six-month period of preparation before it can begin science work, calibrating its instruments to its space environment and aligning its mirrors (https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/2022/04/28/nasas-webb-in-full-focus-ready-for-instrument-commissioning/). This careful process, not to mention years of new technology development and mission planning (https://webb.nasa.gov/content/about/innovations/index.html), has built up to the first images and data: a demonstration of Webb at its full power, ready to begin its science mission (https://webb.nasa.gov/content/science/index.html) and unfold the infrared universe.

“As we near the end of preparing the observatory for science, we are on the precipice of an incredibly exciting period of discovery about our universe. The release of Webb’s first full-color images will offer a unique moment for us all to stop and marvel at a view humanity has never seen before,” said Eric Smith, Webb program scientist at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “These images will be the culmination of decades of dedication, talent, and dreams – but they will also be just the beginning.”


Behind the Scenes: Creating Webb’s First Images

Deciding what Webb should look at first has been a project more than five years in the making, undertaken by an international partnership between NASA, ESA, CSA, and the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore, home to Webb’s science and mission operations.

“Our goals for Webb’s first images and data are both to showcase the telescope’s powerful instruments and to preview the science mission to come,” said astronomer Klaus Pontoppidan, Webb project scientist at STScI. “They are sure to deliver a long-awaited ‘wow’ for astronomers and the public.”

Once each of Webb’s instruments (https://webb.nasa.gov/content/observatory/instruments/index.html) has been calibrated, tested, and given the green light by its science and engineering teams, the first images and spectroscopic observations will be made. The team will proceed through a list of targets that have been preselected and prioritized by an international committee to exercise Webb’s powerful capabilities. Then the production team will receive the data from Webb’s instrument scientists and process it into images for astronomers and the public.

“I feel very privileged to be a part of it,” said Alyssa Pagan, a science visuals developer at STScI. “Typically, the process from raw telescope data to final, clean image that communicates scientific information about the universe can take anywhere from weeks to a month,” Pagan said.


What Will We See?

While careful planning for Webb’s first full-color images has been underway for a long time, the new telescope is so powerful that it is difficult to predict exactly how the first images will look. “Of course, there are things we are expecting and hoping to see, but with a new telescope and this new high-resolution infrared data, we just won’t know until we see it,” said STScI’s lead science visuals developer Joseph DePasquale.

Early alignment imagery (https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-webb-reaches-alignment-milestone-optics-working-successfully) has already demonstrated the unprecedented sharpness of Webb’s infrared view. However, these new images will be the first in full color and the first to showcase Webb’s full science capabilities. In addition to imagery, Webb will be capturing spectroscopic data – detailed information astronomers can read in light (https://webbtelescope.org/resource-gallery/videos?Tag=Spectroscopy). The first images package of materials will highlight the science themes (https://webb.nasa.gov/content/science/index.html) that inspired the mission and will be the focus of its work: the early universe, the evolution of galaxies through time, the lifecycle of stars, and other worlds. All of Webb’s commissioning data – the data taken while aligning the telescope and preparing the instruments – will also be made publicly available.


What’s Next?

Science! After capturing its first images, Webb’s scientific observations will begin, continuing to explore the mission’s key science themes. Teams have already applied through a competitive process (https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2021/nasa-s-james-webb-space-telescope-general-observer-scientific-programs-selected) for time to use the telescope, in what astronomers call its first “cycle,” or first year of observations. Observations are carefully scheduled to make the most efficient use of the telescope’s time.

These observations mark the official beginning of Webb’s general science operations – the work it was designed to do. Astronomers will use Webb to observe the infrared universe, analyze the data collected, and publish scientific papers on their discoveries.

Beyond what is already planned for Webb, there are the unexpected discoveries astronomers can’t anticipate. One example: In 1990 when the Hubble Space Telescope launched, dark energy (https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-is-dark-energy) was completely unknown. Now it is one of the most exciting areas of astrophysics. What will Webb discover?

The James Webb Space Telescope is the world's premier space science observatory. Webb will solve mysteries in our solar system, look beyond to distant worlds around other stars, and probe the mysterious structures and origins of our universe and our place in it. Webb is an international program led by NASA with its partners, ESA (European Space Agency) and the Canadian Space Agency.


source (https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/first-images-from-nasa-s-webb-space-telescope-coming-soon)
webb.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/whereIsWebb.html (https://webb.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/whereIsWebb.html)

[ExomatrixTV]

NASA Found A Hole In The Universe Where NOTHING Exists!

_JcRIq6seT4
Every time when I hear Nasa/Esa experts saying "what the hell is this" referring to new space anomalies/mysteries ... I always hope James Webb Space Telescope (#JWST) is FLEXIBLE enough to RE-PRIORITIZE their schedule who is using it and what for ... in other words who has the last say in what should be investigated by JWST what should be the target of deep investigation. Exoplanets should high up on that long list.

cheers,
John 🦜🦋🌳

[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Telescope Mirror Got Hit by a Meteoroid, Here's What We Know:

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[ExomatrixTV]

Elon Musk JUST REVEALED This Mysterious Event That’s Happening In Space:

fKbyB60Wx44
Every time when I hear Nasa/Esa experts saying "what the hell is this" referring to new space anomalies/mysteries ... I always hope James Webb Space Telescope (#JWST) is FLEXIBLE enough to RE-PRIORITIZE their schedule who is using it and what for ... in other words who has the last say in what should be investigated by JWST what should be the target of deep investigation. Exoplanets should high up on that long list.

cheers,
John 🦜🦋🌳

[ExomatrixTV]

First Images from the James Webb Space Telescope

NASA, in partnership with ESA (European Space Agency) and CSA (Canadian Space Agency), will release the James Webb Space Telescope’s first full-color images (https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/first-images-from-nasa-s-webb-space-telescope-coming-soon) and spectroscopic data during a televised broadcast beginning at 10:30 a.m. EDT (14:30 UTC) on Tuesday, July 12, from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.

Released one by one, these first images from the world’s largest and most powerful space telescope will demonstrate Webb at its full power, ready to begin its mission to unfold the infrared universe (https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/first-science-images-packet).

Each image will simultaneously be made available on social media as well as on the agency’s website on this page.

Embargoed access to Webb’s first images will not be available prior to their public release.

Read the full advisory on the release of the first images from the James Webb Space Telescope. (https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-invites-media-public-to-view-webb-telescope-s-first-images)

For more about Webb’s current status, visit the “Where Is Webb?” tracker. (https://webb.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/whereIsWebb.html)


nasa.gov/webbfirstimages (https://www.nasa.gov/webbfirstimages)

[Johnnycomelately]

Elon Musk JUST REVEALED This Mysterious Event That’s Happening In Space:

fKbyB60Wx44


Starquakes, in gaseous balls. Yeah right. Dr. Pierre-Marie Robitaille laughs at this.

[ExomatrixTV]

Alien Life: Are We About To Find It?

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The thought of finding alien life has fascinated people since the time of the ancient Greeks—but developments in astrobiology could be about to turn this possibility into reality. How do you hunt for life beyond Earth—and might this be the decade when we find it?

00:00 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r904HcfQoqM&t=0s) - Is there life beyond Earth?
00:56 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r904HcfQoqM&t=56s) - How has the search for life evolved?
02:36 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r904HcfQoqM&t=156s) - What signs of life are scientists looking for?
03:48 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r904HcfQoqM&t=228s) - What are biosignatures?
04:28 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r904HcfQoqM&t=268s) - How to find intelligent life
06:03 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r904HcfQoqM&t=363s) - How telescopes today have improved our search
07:52 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r904HcfQoqM&t=472s) - Expanding the search beyond Earth


Read more of Alok Jha's coverage on the search for life in space: here (https://econ.st/3zw1Hxt)
Find our most recent Science and Technology coverage: here (https://econ.st/39lCCuK)
Sign up to The Economist’s daily newsletter: here (https://econ.st/3gJBH8D)
Why have humans never found aliens?: here (https://econ.st/3HhIEZA)
How to improve the search for aliens: here (https://econ.st/3HgfYQX)
Read more about the James Webb Space telescope: here (https://econ.st/3xrZC30)
Listen to our podcast episode on the search for extraterrestrial intelligence: here (https://econ.st/39uGB82)
Everything you need to know about UFOs: here (https://econ.st/3zA55aF)

[ExomatrixTV]

JWST Completes Final Checkouts - 24/7 Tracker:

zb159kJGAGg

[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Telescope New Discovery Of Artificial Lights:

oe9u1UdPMrs
If life were to exist on another planet in the universe, where do you think it would be? Scientists have been grappling with this question for centuries. However, the scientists of today have better tools at their disposal and the most powerful one is the new James Webb Space Telescope! This mighty space observatory has already locked on a target and is delivering promising results in the search for life! One of the signs of intelligent alien life picked up by the JWST is artificial light and it is examining Proxima B! What exactly has this telescope found on Proxima B? Why is it looking specifically for artificial lights on the planet? And should you be preparing for a visit by aliens from outer space? Keep watching as we bring you James Webb Space Telescope's new artificial lights discovery on Proxima B

--o-O-o--

"Future Unity" YouTube Channel uses the totally unnecessary click-bait word: "Terrifying" 31+ times see:

* youtube.com/channel/UC2jAc3ifBNVT03iLjXSRPwQ/videos (https://youtube.com/channel/UC2jAc3ifBNVT03iLjXSRPwQ/videos)

... and most of it is not even up to date news, most was already discussed multiple times on different Project Avalon Forum Threads much deeper than the video does.

cheers,
John 🦜🦋🌳

[ExomatrixTV]

Live! Now ... JWST Media Nasa Briefing:

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[ExomatrixTV]

A Sneak Peek at MIRI data from the James Webb Space Telescope!

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NASA released a sneak peak of the data from one of the instruments on board the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) last week. We have images and a spectra from the commissioning and calibration phase and it's got a lot of people excited for what MIRI can do! See all the early release science project descriptions and proposals here: stsci.edu/jwst/science-execution/approved-ers-programs (https://www.stsci.edu/jwst/science-execution/approved-ers-programs)

Keep up-to-date with all things JWST on the NASA blog: blogs.nasa.gov/webb (https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb)

P.S. I have a BIG announcement coming tomorrow - pop your guesses as to what it could be in the comments below!

00:00 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndU4-xUiTps&t=0s) - Introduction
00:12 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndU4-xUiTps&t=12s) - What to expect on July 12th
01:02 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndU4-xUiTps&t=62s) - MIRI data sneak peak
02:30 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndU4-xUiTps&t=150s) - What makes MIRI special?
04:13 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndU4-xUiTps&t=253s) - What do these new sneak peak MIRI images show?
05:10 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndU4-xUiTps&t=310s) - What does this sneak peak of a MIRI spectra show?
05:40 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndU4-xUiTps&t=340s) - Outro
06:08 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndU4-xUiTps&t=368s) - Brilliant
07:25 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndU4-xUiTps&t=445s) - Bloopers

[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Telescope Terrifying Discovery At The Edge Of The Universe!

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Scientists have long been marveled by the secrets of the Universe. However, the more they discover, the much more they realize they haven't even started scratching the surface! Much of the limitation is the capacity of the equipment astronomers are using, which has restricted our knowledge horizon. However, there is new space equipment in town, and scientists are getting ready to be amazed by the findings they will make! The new James Webb Space Telescope promises to open up even more exciting parts of deep space, and some of them are terrifying! In fact, in this video, we bring you James Webb Space Telescope's terrifying discovery at the very edge of the Universe! What is at the edge of the Universe? That question cannot be adequately answered without first answering the question of the dimensions of the Universe! So, just how large is the Universe?




"Future Unity" YouTube Channel uses the totally unnecessary click-bait word: "Terrifying" over 32 times!

... and most of it is not even up to date news, most was already discussed multiple times on different Project Avalon Forum Threads much deeper than the video does.

cheers,
John 🦜🦋🌳

[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Telescope FINALLY Proves Stephen Hawkings Multiverse Theory!

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Professor Stephen Hawking might have died before the James Webb Space Telescope finally launched. Still, due to the vast space legacy of the late physicist, many hours of the new space telescope will be dedicated to proving some of his theories! One of such theories is the very last one Hawking worked on before his death, in which he argued about a multiverse theory that implies an exact copy of you existed in a parallel universe! What is the multiverse theory, and will the James Webb Space Telescope finally prove Stephen Hawking's multiverse theory?

[ExomatrixTV]

NASA Shares List of Cosmic Targets for Webb Telescope’s First Images

NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, a partnership with ESA (European Space Agency) and CSA (Canadian Space Agency), will soon reveal unprecedented and detailed views of the universe, with the upcoming release of its first full-color images and spectroscopic data (https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/first-images-from-nasa-s-webb-space-telescope-coming-soon).

Below is the list of cosmic objects that Webb targeted for these first observations, which will be released in NASA’s live broadcast (https://www.nasa.gov/nasalive) beginning at 10:30 a.m. EDT Tuesday, July 12. Each image will simultaneously be made available on social media as well as on the agency’s website (https://www.nasa.gov/webbfirstimages).

These listed targets below represent the first wave of full-color scientific images and spectra the observatory has gathered, and the official beginning of Webb’s general science operations. They were selected by an international committee of representatives from NASA, ESA, CSA, and the Space Telescope Science Institute.


Carina Nebula. The Carina Nebula is one of the largest and brightest nebulae in the sky, located approximately 7,600 light-years away in the southern constellation Carina. Nebulae are stellar nurseries where stars form. The Carina Nebula is home to many massive stars, several times larger than the Sun.
WASP-96 b (spectrum). WASP-96 b is a giant planet outside our solar system, composed mainly of gas. The planet, located nearly 1,150 light-years from Earth, orbits its star every 3.4 days. It has about half the mass of Jupiter, and its discovery was announced in 2014.
Southern Ring Nebula. The Southern Ring, or “Eight-Burst” nebula, is a planetary nebula – an expanding cloud of gas, surrounding a dying star. It is nearly half a light-year in diameter and is located approximately 2,000 light years away from Earth.
Stephan’s Quintet: About 290 million light-years away, Stephan’s Quintet is located in the constellation Pegasus. It is notable for being the first compact galaxy group ever discovered in 1877. Four of the five galaxies within the quintet are locked in a cosmic dance of repeated close encounters.
SMACS 0723: Massive foreground galaxy clusters magnify and distort the light of objects behind them, permitting a deep field view into both the extremely distant and intrinsically faint galaxy populations.

The release of these first images marks the official beginning of Webb’s science operations, which will continue to explore the mission’s key science themes. Teams have already applied through a competitive process (https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2021/nasa-s-james-webb-space-telescope-general-observer-scientific-programs-selected) for time to use the telescope, in what astronomers call its first “cycle,” or first year of observations.

More information on how to join NASA for the release of Webb’s first images is available online (https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-invites-media-public-to-view-webb-telescope-s-first-images). For more about Webb’s status, visit the “Where Is Webb?” tracker (https://webb.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/whereIsWebb.html).

The James Webb Space Telescope is the world's premier space science observatory. Webb will solve mysteries in our solar system, look beyond to distant worlds around other stars, and probe the mysterious structures and origins of our universe and our place in it.


source (https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-shares-list-of-cosmic-targets-for-webb-telescope-s-first-images)



Countdown to July 12th 2022 :dog:



¤=[Post Update]=¤



Countdown to the Webb Telescope's First Images

https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_feature/public/thumbnails/image/52196657049_03ed807621_o.jpeg (https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/52196657049_03ed807621_o.jpeg)


We're less than one week away from the July 12, 2022, release of the first science-quality images from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/webb/main/index.html), but how does the observatory find and lock onto its targets? Webb's Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS), developed by the Canadian Space Agency, was designed with this particular question in mind. Recently it captured a view of stars and galaxies that provides a tantalizing glimpse at what the telescope's science instruments will reveal in the coming weeks, months, and years.

FGS has always been capable of capturing imagery, but its primary purpose is to enable accurate science measurements and imaging with precision pointing. When it does capture imagery, it is typically not kept: given the limited communications bandwidth between L2 and Earth, Webb only sends data from up to two science instruments at a time. But during the week-long stability test in May, it occurred to the team that they could keep the imagery that was being captured because there was available data transfer bandwidth.

The engineering test image – produced during a thermal stability test in mid-May – has some rough-around-the-edges qualities to it. It was not optimized to be a science observation, rather the data were taken to test how well the telescope could stay locked onto a target, but it does hint at the power of the telescope. It carries a few hallmarks of the views Webb has produced during its postlaunch preparations. Bright stars stand out with their six, long, sharply defined diffraction spikes – an effect due to Webb's six-sided mirror segments. Beyond the stars – galaxies fill nearly the entire background.

The result – using 72 exposures over 32 hours – is among the deepest images of the universe ever taken, according to Webb scientists. When FGS' aperture is open, it is not using color filters like the other science instruments – meaning it is impossible to study the age of the galaxies in this image with the rigor needed for scientific analysis. But: Even when capturing unplanned imagery during a test, FGS is capable of producing stunning views of the cosmos.

In this image, the FGS image was acquired in parallel with NIRCam imaging of the star HD147980 over a period of 8 days at the beginning of May. This image represents 32 hours of exposure time at several overlapping pointings of the Guider 2 channel. The observations were not optimized for detection of faint objects, but nevertheless the image captures extremely faint objects and is, for now, the deepest image of the infrared sky. The unfiltered wavelength response of the guider, from 0.6 to 5 micrometers, helps provide this extreme sensitivity. The image is mono-chromatic and is displayed in false color with white-yellow-orange-red representing the progression from brightest to dimmest. The bright star (at 9.3 magnitude) on the right hand edge is 2MASS 16235798+2826079. There are only a handful of stars in this image – distinguished by their diffraction spikes. The rest of the objects are thousands of faint galaxies, some in the nearby universe, but many, many more in the high redshift universe.


James Webb Space Telescope blog (https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/)
Join the Virtual Global Social for the Reveal of the James Webb Space Telescope's First Images (https://www.nasa.gov/feature/join-the-virtual-global-social-for-the-reveal-of-the-james-webb-space-telescopes-first)

[ExomatrixTV]

Countdown to JWST 1st Image Official Reveal Event July 12th, 2022:

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James Webb Telescope - Hubble Micrometeoroid Impacts Vs Jwst Micrometeoroid Impact:


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WOW!! Take a Look at This Amazing James Webb telescope TEASER picture:

HP54qNsQKiM

[ExomatrixTV]

AWESOME!! NASA James Webb's Cosmic Target List Revealed:

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These listed targets below represent the first wave of full-color scientific images and spectra the observatory has gathered, and the official beginning of Webb’s general science operations. Carina Nebula. The Carina Nebula is one of the largest and brightest nebulae in the sky, located approximately 7,600 light-years away in the southern constellation Carina. Nebulae are stellar nurseries where stars form. The Carina Nebula is home to many massive stars, several times larger than the Sun. WASP-96 b (spectrum). WASP-96 b is a giant planet outside our solar system, composed mainly of gas. The planet, located nearly 1,150 light-years from Earth, orbits its star every 3.4 days. It has about half the mass of Jupiter, and its discovery was announced in 2014. Southern Ring Nebula. The Southern Ring, or “Eight-Burst” nebula, is a planetary nebula – an expanding cloud of gas, surrounding a dying star. It is nearly half a light-year in diameter and is located approximately 2,000 light years away from Earth. Stephan’s Quintet: About 290 million light-years away, Stephan’s Quintet is located in the constellation Pegasus. It is notable for being the first compact galaxy group ever discovered in 1877. Four of the five galaxies within the quintet are locked in a cosmic dance of repeated close encounters. SMACS 0723: Massive foreground galaxy clusters magnify and distort the light of objects behind them, permitting a deep field view into both the extremely distant and intrinsically faint galaxy populations.

[ExomatrixTV]

Hold Your Breath! Webb Is Going To Break 3 Records In Astronomy:

qmA4YNa3up8
NASA is going to release the first images from The James Webb Space Telescope next week. These contain the deepest image of the universe ever. Webb's huge primary mirrors and its infrared instruments will allow it to peer into those regions of the cosmos that were out of Hubble's reach. And because of that, the James Webb Space Telescope has the edge over the Hubble Space Telescope. In its three decades of service, Hubble created several records in astronomy. And astronomers believe that the James Webb Space Telescope will surely break some of the Hubble records with its powerful infrared instruments.

[ExomatrixTV]

This JWST Project Avalon Forum Thread has now 26,800+ visitors and I predict with will double soon after July 12th, 2022 (tomorrow!) ... and I think most do not even know why.

cheers,
John 🦜🦋🌳

[ExomatrixTV]

Watch Live: The First Colour Image From Webb Space Telescope:

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¤=[Post Update]=¤


JWST 1st Image White House Event:

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[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Finally Proves the Multiverse Theory Right Now!

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James Webb Space Telescope has safely reached its destination – the second Lagrange point, or L-Two. In the spring of twenty twenty-two, it only needs to align its eighteen mirrors. Teams of scientists have already got forthcoming years planned out: Webb will check how black holes absorb matter, it’ll peek through previously impregnable walls of cosmic dust, and see how stars are born. But all of this is going to be a daily routine. Webb is preparing for much bolder tasks to fulfill! In this video, you’ll find out: how can the new telescope help us find dark matter? Will we see other Universes reflected in Webb’s gold-plated mirrors? And what is the real reason behind launching James Webb super telescope into space?

[ExomatrixTV]

Live | First Image From Nasa's New Space Telescope:

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The first image from the $10 billion James Webb Space Telescope is going to show the farthest humanity has ever seen in both time and distance. NASA said President Joe Biden will show a “deep field" image. That shot is likely to be be filled with lots of stars, with massive galaxies in the foreground distorting the light of the objects behind, telescoping them and making faint and extremely distant galaxies visible.



How The James Webb Space Telescope's First Full-colour Images Could Reveal New Wonders In The Cosmos:

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The James Webb Space Telescope is almost certain to make new discoveries with its huge mirror array. Science reporter Ivan Semeniuk outlines what makes Webb special, and ponders the cultural impact its first pictures will have on audiences used to vistas from the Hubble Space Telescope and GCI-heavy movies.



Nasa James Webb Space Telescope Live Tracking Ultra Deep Space Ahead Of First Image Reveal:

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NASA James Webb Space Telescope Live Tracking Ultra Deep Space Ahead of First Image reveal

[ExomatrixTV]

https://www.eluniverso.com/resizer/iUt2RAeuDemPP74ZPZaIW5aarHY=/1600x1200/smart/filters:quality(70)/cloudfront-us-east-1.images.arcpublishing.com/eluniverso/4OTF5XIAKVASDLYSBBZTVR5RNM.jpg

Today, NASA unveiled the first full-color image (https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-webb-delivers-deepest-infrared-image-of-universe-yet) taken by the agency’s powerful James Webb Space Telescope, a pivotal moment for the deep-space observatory that marks the beginning of its first year of transformational science. The incredibly detailed image — a deep field of some of the most distant galaxies seen from Earth — showcases the mighty power of the telescope and serves as a teaser for even more awe-inspiring images of the Universe that are still to come.

The picture is one of a handful of inaugural full-color images that NASA plans to release this week to celebrate the start of science operations for the James Webb Space Telescope, or JWST. President Joe Biden and NASA administrator Bill Nelson unveiled the first picture this afternoon during a special last-minute briefing at the White House

“Just one little speck of the Universe.”

“Mr. President, if you held a grain of sand on the tip of your finger at arm’s length, that is the part of the Universe that you’re seeing,” Nelson said during the briefing. “Just one little speck of the Universe.”

As evidenced by today’s spectacular image, JWST promises to revolutionize astrophysics as we know it. Sporting the largest mirror that’s ever been sent into space, JWST lets us look deep into the Universe’s past by gathering light from some of the stars and galaxies that formed right after the Big Bang. And today’s image is a perfect example of what the telescope is capable of. It shows a region of the sky known as SMACS 0723 filled with massive galaxy clusters 4.6 billion light-years away, which actually bend space and time around themselves, revealing an extra deep look into the cosmos.

“When this image is shared with the world [it] will be a historic moment for science and technology, for astronomy and space exploration, for America and all of humanity,” Biden said during today’s briefing.


JWST’s tumultuous journey

The release of this photo is the culmination of a journey that’s been two and a half decades in the making for NASA and the astronomy community. Scientists have been eagerly anticipating the telescopeever since it was formally recommended by the Space Telescope Science Institute in 1996. Hailed as the more powerful successor to NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope, which has been orbiting Earth for the last 30-plus years, JWST is meant to see deeper into the cosmos and in more detail than ever before (https://www.theverge.com/22826899/james-webb-space-telescope-jwst-launch-mission-what-to-expect).

In order to pull off such a feat, JWST’s design is incredibly complex; its primary mirror, spanning more than 21 feet across, had to be built in 18 hexagonal segments that function like a single mirror, and the telescope had to be folded in on itself to fit on its rocket for launch. As a result, JWST’s development was besought by years of delays and setbacks, causing the project’s budget to grow to nearly $10 billion. More recently, the observatory’s name has been an additional source of controversy. It is named after James Webb, a former NASA administrator who was accused of participating in the Lavender Scare (https://www.thestranger.com/blogs/2015/01/21/21510326/should-nasa-name-a-telescope-after-a-dead-guy-who-persecuted-gay-people-in-the-1950s) during the Truman administration. In 2021, scientists launched a petition to rename the telescope, but NASA has said it has no plans (https://www.npr.org/2021/09/30/1041707730/shadowed-by-controversy-nasa-wont-rename-new-space-telescope) to give the observatory a new title.

“It’s a new window into the history of our universe.”

After years of turmoil, JWST finally launched on Christmas Day last year, surviving its trip into space. It then underwent a two-week unfurling process, a nail-biting operation filled with hundreds of moving parts and single-point failures that could have ended the mission had they not worked as planned. But JWST survived that part, too, and for the last six months, an army of engineers and scientists has been carefully aligning the telescope’s mirror segments and calibrating its instruments to get the observatory ready to make good on all of its incredible promises at last.

“Put together, it’s a new window into the history of our universe,” Biden said ahead of the picture’s unveiling. “And today, we’re going to get a glimpse of the first light to shine through that window.”


An incredible first image

SMACS 0723 shows an area of sky with massive galaxy clusters in the foreground of the image — so massive, in fact, that they actually bend space and time around them. The result is a phenomenon known as gravitational lensing, where the warped space-time acts a bit like a magnifying glass, amplifying our viewof even more distant galaxies behind the clusters. There are thousands of galaxies in this picture alone, and the light from some has traveled 13 billion years to reach the telescope’s mirror, according to Nelson.

“That light that you’re seeing on one of those little specks has been traveling for over 13 billion years,” Nelson said, referring to the tiny galaxies in the image.

SMACS 0723 has been imaged before by space telescopes (https://archive.stsci.edu/prepds/relics/color_images/smacs0723-73.html), but with JWST’s power and precision, the area can be seen now in incredible detail. And while this image is in dazzling color, the hues have been manually filled in, as the original image was taken in infrared light. Unlike its predecessor, Hubble, JWST observes light in the infrared part of the spectrum — a type of light that’s invisible to the naked eye but associated with heat. That’s why JWST’s mirror segments are coated in gold: to better pick up infrared light waves. This kind of light is particularly crucial for observing the distant Universe because the light from the earliest stars and galaxies stretches as it crosses through deep space, thanks to our ever-expanding cosmos. By the time it reaches Earth, the light has stretched into the infrared part of the spectrum.

This image is actually a composite. It combines images made up of multiple wavelengths of light, which were gathered by JWST over a total of 12.5 hours. Some of the deepest images of the Universe that Hubble has ever taken have required weeks to image, according to NASA.

This pic is just a teaser. The rest of the images will be released tomorrow by NASA at 10:30AM ET during a preplanned press event. The images should include awe-inspiring pictures of nebulas, galaxies, and the breakdown of light in the atmosphere of a planet outside our Solar System.


source (https://www.theverge.com/2022/7/11/23202949/nasa-jwst-first-image-joe-biden-universe-deep-field)

[ExomatrixTV]

This Is The First Image From The James Webb Space Telescope -- And It's Absolutely Stunning:

nBDHqquK_8k


First Quick Analysis Of Just-released JWST Image Of Smacs 0723:

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First Full Color Image From NASA's James Webb Space Telescope Released:

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[ExomatrixTV]

Nasa To Reveal Images Of The Universe:

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[ExomatrixTV]

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[ExomatrixTV]

Live: Nasa Reveals James Webb Space Telescope's 1st Full-color Images And Data!:

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[ExomatrixTV]

https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_feature/public/thumbnails/image/main_image_star-forming_region_carina_nircam_final-5mb.jpg (https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/styles/full_width_feature/public/thumbnails/image/main_image_star-forming_region_carina_nircam_final-5mb.jpg)

https://e3.365dm.com/22/07/1600x900/skynews-southern-ring-nebula_5832373.png (https://e3.365dm.com/22/07/1600x900/skynews-southern-ring-nebula_5832373.png)

https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/hubble_cgcg396-2_potw2227a.jpg (https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/hubble_cgcg396-2_potw2227a.jpg)




Nasa Telescope's First Cosmic View Goes Deeper Than Ever Before:

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[ExomatrixTV]

Ultra Deep Zooming in on JWST Images:

wOMJZgwZz3Y


James Webb Space Telescope Live Position and Data:

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[ExomatrixTV]

Stunning New Images From James Webb Space Telescope Offer Fuller Picture Of Our Universe:

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Seeing The Universe Like We've Never Seen It Before:

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James Webb Space Telescope: NASA's First Images Explained:

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Astrophysicist Reacts & Explains First James Webb Images | Jwst [stream]:

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[ExomatrixTV]

JWST First Full-Color Images Explained:

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An Astrophysicist's Live Reaction To The First Jwst Science Images:

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Astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson On The New Telescope Images Released By Nasa:

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[ExomatrixTV]

Astrophotographer Reacts to JWST FIRST IMAGES! | James Webb Space Telescope:

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“It’s FULL of Galaxies!” Astrophysics Professor Explains James Webb Space Telescope Pictures!:

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[ExomatrixTV]

First Mindblowing Images From James Webb Telescope, Let's Analyze:

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[ExomatrixTV]

Detailed Analysis of The First James Webb Image, SMACS 0723:

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[ExomatrixTV]

An Astrophysicist Explains The First JWST Science Images:

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Exotic Planets Could Stay Habitable For Billions of Years:

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Special Webb Update: The Webb's First Four (actually 7) Images Explained:

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[ExomatrixTV]

Webb Images of Jupiter and More Now Available In Commissioning Data

On the heels of Tuesday’s release of the first images (https://www.nasa.gov/webbfirstimages) from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, data from the telescope’s commissioning period is now being released (https://www.stsci.edu/contents/news/jwst/2022/jwst-cycle-1-science-and-commissioning-data-now-available) on the Space Telescope Science Institute’s Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes. The data includes images of Jupiter and images and spectra of several asteroids, captured to test the telescope’s instruments before science operations officially began July 12. The data demonstrates Webb’s to track solar system targets and produce images and spectra with unprecedented detail.

https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/wp-content/uploads/sites/326/2022/07/jupiter_hi_res_atmo-1-1016x1024.png (https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/wp-content/uploads/sites/326/2022/07/jupiter_hi_res_atmo-1.png)

Jupiter, center, and its moon Europa, left, are seen through the James Webb Space Telescope’s NIRCam instrument 2.12 micron filter. Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, and B. Holler and J. Stansberry (STScI) Fans of Jupiter will recognize some familiar features of our solar system’s enormous planet in these images seen through Webb’s infrared gaze. A view from the NIRCam instrument’s short-wavelength filter shows distinct bands that encircle the planet as well as the Great Red Spot, a storm big enough to swallow the Earth. The iconic spot appears white in this image because of the way Webb’s infrared image was processed.

“Combined with the deep field images released the other day, these images of Jupiter demonstrate the full grasp of what Webb can observe, from the faintest, most distant observable galaxies to planets in our own cosmic backyard that you can see with the naked eye from your actual backyard,” said Bryan Holler, a scientist at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, who helped plan these observations.
https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/wp-content/uploads/sites/326/2022/07/side-by-side-1024x548.png (https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/wp-content/uploads/sites/326/2022/07/side-by-side.png)



Left: Jupiter, center, and its moons Europa, Thebe, and Metis are seen through the James Webb Space Telescope’s NIRCam instrument 2.12 micron filter. Right: Jupiter and Europa, Thebe, and Metis are seen through NIRCam’s 3.23 micron filter. Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, and B. Holler and J. Stansberry (STScI) Clearly visible at left is Europa, a moon with a probable ocean below its thick icy crust, and the target of NASA’s forthcoming Europa Clipper mission (https://www.nasa.gov/europa). What’s more, Europa’s shadow can be seen to the left of the Great Red Spot. Other visible moons in these images include Thebe and Metis.

“I couldn’t believe that we saw everything so clearly, and how bright they were,” said Stefanie Milam, Webb’s deputy project scientist for planetary science based at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. “It’s really exciting to think of the capability and opportunity that we have for observing these kinds of objects in our solar system.”

Scientists were especially eager to see these images because they are proof that Webb can observe the satellites and rings near bright solar system objects such as Jupiter, Saturn, and Mars. Scientists will use Webb to explore the tantalizing question of whether we can see plumes of material spewing out of moons like Europa and Saturn’s moon Enceladus (https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/nasa-s-webb-telescope-will-study-our-solar-system-s-ocean-worlds). Webb may be able to see the signatures of plumes depositing material on the surface on Europa. “I think that’s just one of the coolest things that we’ll be able to do with this telescope in the solar system,” Milam said.

https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/wp-content/uploads/sites/326/2022/07/jupiter_hi_res_rings-1-1024x1018.png (https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/wp-content/uploads/sites/326/2022/07/jupiter_hi_res_rings-1.png)

Jupiter and some of its moons are seen through NIRCam’s 3.23 micron filter. Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, and B. Holler and J. Stansberry (STScI) Additionally, Webb easily captured some of Jupiter’s rings, which especially stand out in the NIRcam long-wavelength filter image. That the rings showed up in one of Webb’s first solar system images is “absolutely astonishing and amazing,” Milam said.

“The Jupiter images in the narrow-band filters were designed to provide nice images of the entire disk of the planet, but the wealth of additional information about very faint objects (Metis, Thebe, the main ring, hazes) in those images with approximately one-minute exposures was absolutely a very pleasant surprise,” said John Stansberry, observatory scientist and NIRCam commissioning lead at the Space Telescope Science Institute.
https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/wp-content/uploads/sites/326/2022/07/nircam_jupiter-300x300.gif (https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/wp-content/uploads/sites/326/2022/07/nircam_jupiter.gif)

Jupiter and its moon Europa are seen in this animation made from three images taken through the NIRCam instrument 2.12 micron filter. Click on the image to play the gif again. Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, and B. Holler and J. Stansberry (STScI) Webb also obtained these images of Jupiter and Europa moving across the telescope’s field of view in three separate observations. This test demonstrated the ability of the observatory to find and track guide stars in the vicinity of bright Jupiter.
https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/wp-content/uploads/sites/326/2022/07/obs1_f277w-300x300.gif (https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/wp-content/uploads/sites/326/2022/07/obs1_f277w.gif)

Asteroid 6481 Tenzing, center, is seen moving against a background of stars in this series of images taken by NIRCam. Click on the image to play the gif again. Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, and B. Holler and J. Stansberry (STScI) But just how fast can an object move and still be tracked by Webb? This was an important question for scientists who study asteroids and comets. During commissioning, Webb used an asteroid called 6481 Tenzing, located in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, to start the moving-target tracking “speed limit” tests.

Webb was designed with the requirement to track objects that move as fast as Mars, which has a maximum speed of 30 milliarcseconds per second. During commissioning, the Webb team conducted observations of various asteroids, which all appeared as a dot because they were all small. The team proved that Webb will still get valuable data with all of the science instruments for objects moving up to 67 milliarcseconds per second, which is more than twice the expected baseline – similar to photographing a turtle crawling when you’re standing a mile away. “Everything worked brilliantly,” Milam said.

–Elizabeth Landau, NASA Headquarters


source (https://blogs.nasa.gov/webb/2022/07/14/webb-images-of-jupiter-and-more-now-available-in-commissioning-data)

[ExomatrixTV]

https://i.imgur.com/EuNkAOE.jpeg (https://i.imgur.com/EuNkAOE.jpeg)


4K Wallpaper 2160x3840 pix (https://i.imgur.com/EuNkAOE.jpeg) 4,3Mb jpg

https://i.imgur.com/8owt29j.jpeg (https://i.imgur.com/8owt29j.jpeg)


2048x2048 pix (https://i.imgur.com/8owt29j.jpeg)

[Inversion]

I like looking for faces in nebulas. I have a theory that the beings depicted will evolve in that area in the future. Pareidolia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareidolia)

Rosette Nebula (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosette_Nebula)
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Horsehead Nebula (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horsehead_Nebula)
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Eagle Nebula (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillars_of_Creation) (Pillars of Creation)
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[lake]

https://i.imgur.com/8owt29j.jpeg (https://i.imgur.com/8owt29j.jpeg)


May I ask why all images presented by NASA are Photoshopped?

I went to the nasa site and even looking at the single image .... without any special software .... it states that it is from photoshop!

Why can we not have an image from nasa .... just raw?

https://i.postimg.cc/TwNRp6qx/photoshopasnormal.jpg

link to large image
https://postimg.cc/jwNVFBF3

[Bluegreen]

Why All Images of Space Are Photoshopped

(2:42)
4BEKjE7K5u4

[lake]

Why All Images of Space Are Photoshopped


So they have no colour camera .... just grey scale!
With billions of dollars to spend they have no colour camera!
And we just have to take their word for the editing done to images?
If they record no colour then they are just making it up to suit their consideration of what to present .... thus it is a lie!
They even say that they 'approximate' .... thus they present what they wish to .... which is not the truth!
And they 'zuzz it up' as they consider humans to be visual creatures .... I would vastly prefer the sodding truth!

https://i.postimg.cc/1zBMZSbc/2022-07-16_16.12.11_projectavalon.net_19e3441eee06.jpg

So here they state that tech can see more than humans .... but include the 'colours' .... which their cameras don't take??
Sounds like rubbish to me .... put a colour camera in space and take an image, then just show that image.

Now they say that they literally make up colours for different frequencies .... all most people want is REAL images .... not made up images .... tell us that their are other frequencies which we cannot see, give the recordings of those and we will put our own colours to it if we feel the need to lie to ourselves!

So far this is nothing more than deception .... may as well be on the BBC.

Now they say that ONE person may decide that some parts of a grey scale image is some element .... and they colour that to show it to other persons!
So we have ONE person decide that part of data is such a thing, colourise it and everyone else goes along with that?

Sorry but they are saying .... we decide what part of each image is what and we give it a colour in photoshop because YOU people can't see it anyway.
Seems open to any and all abuse .... We tell you what you have to accept as true AND we even tell you that we photoshopped it lmfao

Oh my .... now they bring in flat earth to make anyone who asks "Why are all space agencies images Photoshopped" seem like a nutter.
I do not consider flat earth correct .... I just want REAL images!

And at the end .... the old priest angle .... "This is done because you mere mortals have NO idea about SCIENCE. Only those ordained can understand!"

Individual thought is gone .... they present photoshopped images, tell you that they have to as they have no colour camera in space .... and we accept that.

Sorry Bluegreen but that video is nothing but propaganda.

[ExomatrixTV]

...

When real color is "red shifted (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redshift)" due to the vast distance light-waves had to travel it stretches or compressing the waves to a different frequency ... but they can calculate how to bring it back to the original color ... this fine-tuning is an approximation ... you can compare it with recording sounds that we can not hear anymore ... lets say you speak in a microphone and have a specific frequency we all can hear and convert it to much higher frequency nobody can hear anymore all spoken data is NOT lost ... it is still there you only have to convert it back to the original frequency or near it ... Lets say you converted it wrong to a bit higher frequency it sounds like Donald Duck or small child but you can at least understand what is said if you slow it down. Similar with bringing "red shifted" colors back ... On top of that everybody can use a INFRARED CAMERA filming colors but you need software to make sense of it.


For me it all makes perfect sense and has NOTHING to do with: "Nasa being fake blah blah blah".

If your audio recording device ONLY records frequencies that certain insects & bats (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat_detector) make that are so high (above 20Khz) people can not hear and you use special software to convert it to audible sounds (below 17 Khz) everyone can hear is NOT "evidence" that certain insects & bats frequencies are "fake" ...

For those who have no clue, might think them using "photoshop like" programs is "evidence" Nasa "always lies" <<< is to me a known often false assumption ... And I have had access to raw Nasa data (100s of Mbs even Gigabytes) in the past that is way too big to download at the time but it does exists!

In the past Nasa sites had very very poor security measures you could cut part of a long Nasa url (link) in half and get access to their directories seeing all content including raw data ... there are other easy tricks you can access raw Nasa data the early 2000s just study UFO Hacker Gary_McKinnon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_McKinnon) ... I did similar things and knew he was correct ... By the way we both are born in 1966 (Fire Horse) and we both are Asperger ;)

cheers,
John 🦜🦋🌳

[lake]

https://i.imgur.com/8owt29j.jpeg (https://i.imgur.com/8owt29j.jpeg)


Here you go .... fixed it for you .... my pleasure :bigsmile:

https://i.postimg.cc/VNGFZ8SS/ex1.jpg

Funny thing is that I don't think Photoshop 23.4 is even available to buy yet .... lol

[ExomatrixTV]

Funny thing is that I don't think Photoshop 23.4 is even available to buy yet .... lol

Funny thing is that any assumption of "evidence" is not really evidence because some one claims it is ... anyone can add or insert data and make it look like: Nasa "said" or Nasa "does".

There are linearity 100,000s or provable FAKE MEMES meant as Satire (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satire) (spoofs) or being hilarious and still people assume it is "fact" :facepalm: ... (sad but true).

This is a common & known problem that part of the "conspiracy research" community have totally unchecked assumptions because they do not admit they being tricked by memes hoping you took the bait of believing the totally made-up memes!

Them spreading OBVIOUS lies and others believing the (satirical intended) lies is what happens more and more often.


please read/study this (https://projectavalon.net/forum4/showthread.php?113456-The-Power-Of-The-James-Webb-Telescope-in-Space-To-Be-Launched-in-2021&p=1507437&viewfull=1#post1507437) carefully

cheers,
John 🦜🦋🌳

[lake]

John .... I just made that image.

Tell me mate .... What colour is 5G?

[ExomatrixTV]

John .... I just made that image.

Tell me mate .... What colour is 5G?
If you are incompetent to comprehend what I said is not my problem ... follow up "counter questions" like yours are typical from people who are "space deniers" and/or Flat Earthers (https://projectavalon.net/forum4/showthread.php?95559-The-Flat-Earth-PsyOp--and-John-B.-Wells-brilliant-take-) ... if so, I do not have to repeat myself here.

[lake]

John .... I just made that image.

Tell me mate .... What colour is 5G?
If you are incompetent to comprehend what I said is not my problem ... follow up "counter questions" like yours are typical from people who are "space deniers" and/or Flat Earthers (https://projectavalon.net/forum4/showthread.php?95559-The-Flat-Earth-PsyOp--and-John-B.-Wells-brilliant-take-) ... if so, I do not have to repeat myself here.

Oh god that is funny .... simple question and you will not answer (why am I not shocked).
Also .... your reply is rude (but then you just state that you are known for it and thus it should be allowed .... as you have said to me before)

John .... What colour is 5G?

Nasa creates images from colours when no colour exists .... and you are happy with that .... so what colour is 5G?

I will not get into a "Who is incompetent" back and forth with you (you are just rude when you do not wish to answer a question) .... NASA create ALL the images they present.
End of story .... NASA make all the images .... but you are happy with that!

Again .... I do not believe in flat earth!

[ExomatrixTV]

...

if you do not want (or refuse) to comprehend what I shared and demanding I have to "comprehend" yours ... sorry am wasting my time here.

It seems to me now, you do not understand what redshift (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redshift) means and why it happened and why it can be converted back ... just like with certain insects/bats (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat_detector) sounds we can not hear (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_range) and make it audible again (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_range) that means altered (edited/converted) frequencies is NOT "evidence" that certain "insects/bats (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat_detector) sounds above 20Khz (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat_detector) does not exists" it does but it was altered to make it audible for us humans ... but all of it was already explained by me you carefully refuse to comprehend.

[lake]

it is obvious you do not understand what redshift (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redshift) means

Again .... Just rude.

I know what redshift and blueshift is defined as meaning!

I asked a simple question to you as you consider the NASA images correct .... but NASA states that the images are photoshopped and so the images are not true .... if you are happy with NASA just presenting images that they create (as they state) then I want to know "What colour is 5G?"

But you know any answer is a lie!

So you don't answer .... You just become rude rather than discuss the FACT that NASA makes all the images.

AGAIN .... this place is NOT flat earth.

[ExomatrixTV]

it is obvious you do not understand what redshift (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redshift) means

Again .... Just rude.

I know what redshift and blueshift is defined as meaning!

I asked a simple question to you as you consider the NASA images correct .... but NASA states that the images are photoshopped and so the images are not true .... if you are happy with NASA just presenting images that they create (as they state) then I want to know "What colour is 5G?"

But you know any answer is a lie!

So you don't answer .... You just become rude rather than discuss the FACT that NASA makes all the images.

AGAIN .... this place is NOT flat earth.


I did not say you ARE a "flat earther" but your "counter question" is a typical one >>> typical F.E. tactics ... just looking for an excuse not to comprehend what I shared! ... Just focusing on your own tunnel vision.

[ExomatrixTV]

JWST is not a normal typical "optical telescope" it only detects a fraction of it most is in the INFRARED spectrum (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared) (humans can not see) and is made visible to us humans with special software ...

I own an infrared camera myself and when I use it I too am fully aware that WHAT I see is altered/edited ... but knowing it is altered/edited is not "evidence" that what I filmed "does not exist" ... I can use much better editing software to translate & convert data depending what we know what is recorded and in what context.

Same for sounds we can not hear (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_range) just study a bat detector (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat_detector) (also altered/edited sounds/much higher frequencies) to make it audible (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_range) for human hearing ... Just because it is altered/edited is not "evidence" that it does not exist.

[lake]

Just because it is altered/edited is not "evidence" that it does not exist.

lol

I have and do (at times) still see the envelope around this 'experience'.
I see the 'beings' there, who watch and interact with us constantly .... but most of the time I cannot 'see' them.

Would I put a 'colour' to them .... no.
If I could take a camera with me .... I would just take a picture and show it to all.

All NASA shows (and admits to doing it) is edited images which they define. Nothing else. But you and many others are happy with that.
They literally state that the images are Photoshopped.
But you are happy with that 'fake' reality.

None of the images from the Webb are actually real .... ALL are fake, made by NASA .... AND admitted to being fake!

But if you wish to consider (and promote) them as 'real' .... not much I can say.

Except maybe .... Put a colour camera in space and take a sodding picture?

AGAIN .... I do not consider flat earth as correct.

[ExomatrixTV]

...

If I make a photo of you and it is "digital" does it represent a certain value?

is it the "real deal" ? ... OF COURSE not ... can people use it for specif purposes? ... Sure, there are plenty that I can think of ... what can we learn from a picture that is taken from you? ... Does it represent the "full you" ... OF COURSE not ... Is it "fake" in comparison with the real you? ... Depends if it is altered in such a way it does not do justice anymore what it suppose to represent.

The whole "fake" idea is about people who willfully want to deceive people ... If I have a picture of you that is 0,1% altered but 99,9% represents you correctly at the time it was taken ... so everything is context!

If I have picture of you wearing a Nazi uniform and it is about 90% altered to make it look like it was you ... then I fully understand to use the label "fake" in that context.

How we interpreted data from ANY picture taken (even nature) does not per sé represents the full scope of what is recorded STILL it can have value and learn (new) insights within the limitations we know it has.

Same for UFO photos & UFO videos (https://projectavalon.net/forum4/showthread.php?114252-UFO-Videos--old-new-&p=1414943&viewfull=1#post1414943) we all know the limitations of these things but when it is part of a bigger story it still can have value ... is it "fake" if it is not 100% perfect flawless representation of what is seen?

There is ALWAYS something to say about "pictures & videos" because it is altered by definition due to the limitations of the device and equipment that is used. Same for infrared detectors especially infrared telescopes in space ... but in my view still it has VALUE to learn new insights!

[ExomatrixTV]

Funny thing is that I don't think Photoshop 23.4 is even available to buy yet .... lol

yes it is:


helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/using/whats-new/2022-3.html (https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/using/whats-new/2022-3.html)
Adobe Photoshop 2022 v23.4.1.547 (x64) Multilingual Pre-Activate (https://piratebayproxy.live/torrent/59951785/Adobe_Photoshop_2022_v23.4.1.547_(x64)_Multilingual_Pre-Activate) (Torrent (https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/best-torrent-clients/))

[ExomatrixTV]

Secret James Webb Image We Weren't Shown + A New Surprise Discovery:

KwOoTfjqv34

[ExomatrixTV]

...
Imagine if you can prove some one used Notepad or Wordpad or "Open Office Write" or MS Word etc. and that there 100,000s examples that hoaxers worldwide have used that too to produce all kinds of (obvious) deceptions <<< is that "evidence" that anyone using Notepad or Wordpad or "Open Office Write" or MS Word must be hoaxers too? ... Of-course not! ... Same for anyone using a tool called Photoshop.


Using a software-tool does not make you "guilty" just because others have used the same tool to deceive others.

Imagine if Nasa developed their own visual software tool does that "guarantee" it can not be abused? Of course it CAN be abused ... just with any Text Editor Software ... but using any Text or Visual Editor Software tool is not per se "evidence" of being "guilty" deceiving people.

Nasa uses Photoshop ... So What! ... That is NOT "evidence" of deceiving people as long as you are transparent in what you are doing with it and why you are doing it (which most people even forget to ask).


Same with using a knife ... are you automatically a "suspect" of killing someone because you used a knife while eating a meal?

By the way, raw data is way too big and software can help to reduce the size from Gigabytes or 100s of Mbs to couple Megabytes.

cheers,
John 🦜🦋🌳

[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Meteoroid Collision Caused Unexpected Damage According to NASA:

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[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Just Found The Most Distant Galaxy Ever Without Even Trying:

SF3wF21fkRc


sciencealert.com/one-week-in-webb-telescope-delivers-another-galactic-surprise (https://www.sciencealert.com/one-week-in-webb-telescope-delivers-another-galactic-surprise)
arxiv.org/pdf/2207.09434.pdf (https://arxiv.org/pdf/2207.09434.pdf)
wikipedia.org/wiki/GN-z11 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GN-z11)

[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Space Telescope's Stunning "Phantom Galaxy" Picture Looks Like A Wormhole:

https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/sPsQiC4eFn5bZxMVqs6dLW-970-80.jpg (https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/sPsQiC4eFn5bZxMVqs6dLW-970-80.jpg)

The telescope is 'new, different, and exciting' for Judy Schmidt, who has been working with space images for a decade.

A fresh image based on brand-new deep-space data appears to show a wormhole spinning before our very eyes.

The appropriately named "Phantom Galaxy" glows eerily in a new image by Judy Schmidt based on James Webb Space Telescope (https://www.space.com/21925-james-webb-space-telescope-jwst.html) data collected nearly a million miles away from our planet using the observatory's mid-infrared instrument (MIRI).

"I've been doing this for 10 years now, and [Webb] data is new, different, and exciting," Schmidt told Space.com. "Of course I'm going to make something with it."

The image highlights the dust lanes in the galaxy, which is more properly known as NGC 628 or Messier 74. Dubbed the "perfect spiral (https://www.space.com/11827-photos-galaxies-zoo-nasa-wise-telescope.html)" by some astronomers because the galaxy is so symmetrical, the Phantom Galaxy is scientifically interesting because of the intermediate-mass black hole (https://www.space.com/15421-black-holes-facts-formation-discovery-sdcmp.html) scientists believe is embedded at its heart.

The galaxy has been imaged (https://www.space.com/22382-spiral-galaxy.html) professionally many times (https://www.space.com/11827-photos-galaxies-zoo-nasa-wise-telescope.html) before, including by space observatories such as the Hubble Space Telescope (https://www.space.com/15892-hubble-space-telescope.html) and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (https://www.space.com/33659-wise-space-telescope.html) (WISE). What makes Webb imagery stand apart from these past efforts is the mid-infrared range that highlights cosmic dust, along with the power of its unique 18-segment hexagonal mirror (https://www.space.com/nasa-james-webb-space-telescope-mirror-explained) and deep-space location.

Webb observed M74 earlier this week. The data was also shared on Twitter (https://twitter.com/gbrammer/status/1548958241878581248) (opens in new tab) (with different filtration) by Gabriel Brammer, an astronomer at the Cosmic Dawn Center in the Niels Bohr Institute at the University of Denmark.

A selected of raw Webb imagery is made publicly available at this portal (https://mast.stsci.edu/portal/Mashup/Clients/Mast/Portal.html) (opens in new tab) a few hours or days after observations, and amateur imagers and scientists are free to use the data as long as they credit the source when publishing.

The Phantom Galaxy, also known as Messier 74 or NGC 628, as seen by the Hubble Space Telescope.

The busy deep-space telescope released its first operational images (https://www.space.com/james-webb-space-telescope-1st-photos) on July 12 of deep-space objects, including a nebula and a view of very young galaxies. An infrared view of Jupiter (https://www.space.com/james-webb-space-telescope-first-jupiter-photos), along with the gas giant's moons and rings, joined the iconic new images on July 14.

That week's work alone showcases Webb's flexibility in switching between faraway objects near the cosmic dawn (https://www.space.com/41550-breaking-of-the-cosmic-dawn.html) — when stars began shining — and solar system (https://www.space.com/16080-solar-system-planets.html) objects much closer to its viewfinder.

As for the Phantom Galaxy, Schmidt used Photoshop and FITS Liberator for most of the work and said many of the concepts in her 2017 YouTube imaging tutorial (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8kGPGhbefhI) (opens in new tab) will help with the more advanced software of today.

You can check out more spectacular imagery of Webb photos and other cosmic objects at Schmidt's Flickr page (https://www.flickr.com/photos/geckzilla/) (opens in new tab).


source (https://www.space.com/james-webb-space-telescope-phantom-galaxy-image)

1549325980627517440

[ExomatrixTV]

Should be high on the list of JWST ... to search for Exoplanets near HD_222925 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD_222925)

Groundbreaking Image of the Most Element Rich Star Found to Date:

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noirlab.edu/public/news/noirlab2217 (https://noirlab.edu/public/news/noirlab2217)
wikipedia.org/wiki/HD_222925 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD_222925)
Asteroseismology (https://youtu.be/3-uA6KRx-3A)

[ExomatrixTV]

Wow, James Webb Found Galaxies That Sort of Break Modern Theories:

o8_KMiYu3BM


arxiv.org/abs/2207.12356 (https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.12356)
arxiv.org/pdf/2207.11558.pdf (https://arxiv.org/pdf/2207.11558.pdf)
astro.ucla.edu/~wright/CosmoCalc.html (https://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/CosmoCalc.html)



New Evidence That Cosmic Web Feeds The Galaxies

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[ExomatrixTV]

JWST Damage // New Mars Helicopters // Teaching Robots to Die:

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[ExomatrixTV]

Unusual Telescope That Could Actually See Exoplanet Surface:

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[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Space Telescope Jupiter Discovery Shocks Scientists!:

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[ExomatrixTV]

Summary of Major James Webb Galactic Discoveries That Nobody Expected:

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[ExomatrixTV]

James Webb Image Reveals an Unusual Star With Incredible Features:

yG3K2WgSwZQ


stsci.edu/jwst/phase2-public/1349.pdf (https://www.stsci.edu/jwst/phase2-public/1349.pdf)
reddit.com/r/Astronomy/comments/wcmeu8/wolfrayet_140_a_rare_type_of_star_closely (https://www.reddit.com/r/Astronomy/comments/wcmeu8/wolfrayet_140_a_rare_type_of_star_closely/)

https://preview.redd.it/uk6ixn6a1we91.jpg?width=640&crop=smart&auto=webp&eb6261f8 (https://www.reddit.com/r/Astronomy/comments/wcmeu8/wolfrayet_140_a_rare_type_of_star_closely/)