Tesla_WTC_Solution
3rd July 2013, 18:42
http://www.nature.com/mp/journal/v18/n3/full/mp2011175a.html
Molecular Psychiatry (2013) 18, 369–381; doi:10.1038/mp.2011.175; published online 10 January 2012
Cerebral folate receptor autoantibodies in autism spectrum disorder
Cerebral folate deficiency (CFD) syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder typically caused by folate receptor autoantibodies (FRAs) that interfere with folate transport across the blood–brain barrier.
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and improvements in ASD symptoms with leucovorin (folinic acid) treatment have been reported in some children with CFD. In children with ASD, the prevalence of FRAs and the response to leucovorin in FRA-positive children has not been systematically investigated.
In this study, serum FRA concentrations were measured in 93 children with ASD and a high prevalence (75.3%) of FRAs was found. In 16 children, the concentration of blocking FRA significantly correlated with cerebrospinal fluid 5-methyltetrahydrofolate concentrations, which were below the normative mean in every case.
Children with FRAs were treated with oral leucovorin calcium (2 mg kg−1 per day; maximum 50 mg per day). Treatment response was measured and compared with a wait-list control group. Compared with controls, significantly higher improvement ratings were observed in treated children over a mean period of 4 months in verbal communication, receptive and expressive language, attention and stereotypical behavior.
Approximately one-third of treated children demonstrated moderate to much improvement. The incidence of adverse effects was low. This study suggests that FRAs may be important in ASD and that FRA-positive children with ASD may benefit from leucovorin calcium treatment.
Given these results, empirical treatment with leucovorin calcium may be a reasonable and non-invasive approach in FRA-positive children with ASD. Additional studies of folate receptor autoimmunity and leucovorin calcium treatment in children with ASD are warranted.
Cerebral folate deficiency (CFD) syndrome is a recently described neurometabolic disorder characterized by low concentrations of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5MTHF) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), despite normal systemic folate levels. CFD is believed to be caused by the impaired transport of folates across the blood–brain barrier. The first reported cases of CFD manifested severe neurodevelopmental symptoms including spastic paraplegia, cerebellar ataxia, dyskinesia, seizures, acquired microcephaly and developmental regression, which occurred as early as 4 months of age.1, 2 Central visual disturbances (optic atrophy and blindness) and hearing loss occurred after age 3 and 6 years, respectively, in some cases.
__________________________________________________________________
http://forums.phoenixrising.me/index.php?threads/folate-receptor-antibodies.22653/
Folate Receptor Antibodies
Discussion in 'Detox: Methylation; B12; Glutathione; Chelation' started by adreno, Apr 4, 2013.
I found this recent study on folate receptor antibodies in autism interesting. I am wondering whether folate receptor antibodies could be a problem for us, too.
Mol Psychiatry.2013 Mar;18(3):369-81. doi: 10.1038/mp.2011.175. Epub 2012 Jan 10.
Cerebral folate receptor autoantibodies in autism spectrum disorder.
Frye RE, Sequeira JM, Quadros EV, James SJ, Rossignol DA.
Source
Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202,USA. REFrye@uams.edu
Abstract
Cerebral folate deficiency (CFD) syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder typically caused by folate receptor autoantibodies (FRAs) that interfere with folate transport across the blood-brain barrier. Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and improvements in ASD symptoms with leucovorin (folinic acid) treatment have been reported in some children with CFD. In children with ASD, the prevalence of FRAs and the response to leucovorin in FRA-positive children has not been systematically investigated.
_____________________________________________________________
http://ultimateautismguide.com/2012/07/autism-research-cerebral-folate-receptor-autoantibodies-in-autism-spectrum-disorder/
Autism Research: Cerebral Folate Receptor Autoantibodies in Autism Spectrum Disorder
July 19, 2012 by Ultimate Autism Guide 4 Comments
Research for Leucovorin Calcium:
Leucovorin Calcium as an Autism Treatment Studied in Children with Autism and Folate Receptor Autoantibodies
Previous research has suggested that some individuals with autism may benefit from treatment with leucovorin calcium (a form of folic acid). Research has also shown that cerebral folate deficiency is often associated with folate receptor autoantibodies (FRAs). Researchers conducted a study to determine the prevalence of folate receptor autoantibodies in autism and the effect of treatment with leucovorin calcium in individuals with autism and FRAs. The findings were published in an article titled Cerebral Folate Receptor Autoantibodies in Autism Spectrum Disorder.
The study included 93 children with autism spectrum disorders. Several labs were taken including serum levels of folate receptor autoantibodies and cerebrospinal fluid 5-methyltetrahydrofolate levels. The impact of treatment with leucovorin calcium was measured through observations of attention, expressive and receptive language, stereotypical behavior, and verbal communication.
The results indicated that approximately 70 out of the 93 children with autism had folate receptor autoantibodies (FRAs). In 16 out of the 70 children found to have folate receptor autoantibodies, the levels of FRAs present showed a significant correlation to levels of 5-methyletrahydrofolate in the cerebrospinal fluid. The study found that all 16 of these children had low 5-methyltetrahydrofolate levels.
¤=[Post Update]=¤
More to come later, I have an appointment coming up :(
Molecular Psychiatry (2013) 18, 369–381; doi:10.1038/mp.2011.175; published online 10 January 2012
Cerebral folate receptor autoantibodies in autism spectrum disorder
Cerebral folate deficiency (CFD) syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder typically caused by folate receptor autoantibodies (FRAs) that interfere with folate transport across the blood–brain barrier.
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and improvements in ASD symptoms with leucovorin (folinic acid) treatment have been reported in some children with CFD. In children with ASD, the prevalence of FRAs and the response to leucovorin in FRA-positive children has not been systematically investigated.
In this study, serum FRA concentrations were measured in 93 children with ASD and a high prevalence (75.3%) of FRAs was found. In 16 children, the concentration of blocking FRA significantly correlated with cerebrospinal fluid 5-methyltetrahydrofolate concentrations, which were below the normative mean in every case.
Children with FRAs were treated with oral leucovorin calcium (2 mg kg−1 per day; maximum 50 mg per day). Treatment response was measured and compared with a wait-list control group. Compared with controls, significantly higher improvement ratings were observed in treated children over a mean period of 4 months in verbal communication, receptive and expressive language, attention and stereotypical behavior.
Approximately one-third of treated children demonstrated moderate to much improvement. The incidence of adverse effects was low. This study suggests that FRAs may be important in ASD and that FRA-positive children with ASD may benefit from leucovorin calcium treatment.
Given these results, empirical treatment with leucovorin calcium may be a reasonable and non-invasive approach in FRA-positive children with ASD. Additional studies of folate receptor autoimmunity and leucovorin calcium treatment in children with ASD are warranted.
Cerebral folate deficiency (CFD) syndrome is a recently described neurometabolic disorder characterized by low concentrations of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5MTHF) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), despite normal systemic folate levels. CFD is believed to be caused by the impaired transport of folates across the blood–brain barrier. The first reported cases of CFD manifested severe neurodevelopmental symptoms including spastic paraplegia, cerebellar ataxia, dyskinesia, seizures, acquired microcephaly and developmental regression, which occurred as early as 4 months of age.1, 2 Central visual disturbances (optic atrophy and blindness) and hearing loss occurred after age 3 and 6 years, respectively, in some cases.
__________________________________________________________________
http://forums.phoenixrising.me/index.php?threads/folate-receptor-antibodies.22653/
Folate Receptor Antibodies
Discussion in 'Detox: Methylation; B12; Glutathione; Chelation' started by adreno, Apr 4, 2013.
I found this recent study on folate receptor antibodies in autism interesting. I am wondering whether folate receptor antibodies could be a problem for us, too.
Mol Psychiatry.2013 Mar;18(3):369-81. doi: 10.1038/mp.2011.175. Epub 2012 Jan 10.
Cerebral folate receptor autoantibodies in autism spectrum disorder.
Frye RE, Sequeira JM, Quadros EV, James SJ, Rossignol DA.
Source
Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202,USA. REFrye@uams.edu
Abstract
Cerebral folate deficiency (CFD) syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder typically caused by folate receptor autoantibodies (FRAs) that interfere with folate transport across the blood-brain barrier. Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and improvements in ASD symptoms with leucovorin (folinic acid) treatment have been reported in some children with CFD. In children with ASD, the prevalence of FRAs and the response to leucovorin in FRA-positive children has not been systematically investigated.
_____________________________________________________________
http://ultimateautismguide.com/2012/07/autism-research-cerebral-folate-receptor-autoantibodies-in-autism-spectrum-disorder/
Autism Research: Cerebral Folate Receptor Autoantibodies in Autism Spectrum Disorder
July 19, 2012 by Ultimate Autism Guide 4 Comments
Research for Leucovorin Calcium:
Leucovorin Calcium as an Autism Treatment Studied in Children with Autism and Folate Receptor Autoantibodies
Previous research has suggested that some individuals with autism may benefit from treatment with leucovorin calcium (a form of folic acid). Research has also shown that cerebral folate deficiency is often associated with folate receptor autoantibodies (FRAs). Researchers conducted a study to determine the prevalence of folate receptor autoantibodies in autism and the effect of treatment with leucovorin calcium in individuals with autism and FRAs. The findings were published in an article titled Cerebral Folate Receptor Autoantibodies in Autism Spectrum Disorder.
The study included 93 children with autism spectrum disorders. Several labs were taken including serum levels of folate receptor autoantibodies and cerebrospinal fluid 5-methyltetrahydrofolate levels. The impact of treatment with leucovorin calcium was measured through observations of attention, expressive and receptive language, stereotypical behavior, and verbal communication.
The results indicated that approximately 70 out of the 93 children with autism had folate receptor autoantibodies (FRAs). In 16 out of the 70 children found to have folate receptor autoantibodies, the levels of FRAs present showed a significant correlation to levels of 5-methyletrahydrofolate in the cerebrospinal fluid. The study found that all 16 of these children had low 5-methyltetrahydrofolate levels.
¤=[Post Update]=¤
More to come later, I have an appointment coming up :(