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Cidersomerset
10th August 2013, 08:08
Curvy, hot & pink: solar system's latest addition

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Published on 9 Aug 2013


GJ 504b, a just discovered exoplanet, is the newest interstellar body discovered in
the Milk Way. Scientists say the planet is around 57 light years away, but it's still
managing to make headlines all the way back on Earth due to its unusual
appearance. GJ 504b is described as being a delightful shade of pink, and what
NASA scientist Michael McElwain called a shade "reminiscent of a dark cherry
blossom." Erin Ade brings us more.

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Article from last year...

100 EARTH-LIKE PLANETS orbit stars WITHIN 30 LIGHT-YEARS!

Billions more across the galaxy - stand by for aliens

By Lewis Page, 28th March 2012


http://regmedia.co.uk/2012/03/28/new_gliese_concept.jpg
Pink skies may be much more common than blue ones



The new astroboffinry involves examination of red dwarf stars - the most common
type of star found in the galaxy - using the HARPS spectrograph on the 3.6-metre
telescope at the La Silla Observatory in the mountains of Chile. The HARPS team
surveyed 102 red dwarfs over a six-year period, discovering nine "super-Earths"
(planets with masses between one and ten times that of Earth, thus probably rocky
planets as opposed to gaseous ones). They were able to measure planetary mass
and orbital distance from the parent stars.

The methods used could discern only a proportion of planets which exist, and the
team's calculations applied to the results indicate that in general approximately 40
per cent of the red dwarfs in the Milky Way should possess an Earthlike, rocky
planet lying within their "habitable zone" - that is orbiting at such a distance as to
permit the existence of liquid water on the planet's surface.

"Because red dwarfs are so common — there are about 160 billion of them in the
Milky Way — this leads us to the astonishing result that there are tens of billions of
these planets in our galaxy alone," enthuses Xavier Bonfils, lead boffin on the
investigation.

According to a statement issued by the European Southern Observatory announcing
the research:


As there are many red dwarf stars close to the Sun the new estimate means that
there are probably about one hundred super-Earth planets in the habitable zones
around stars in the neighbourhood of the Sun at distances less than about 30 light-
years [ten parsecs].

The implications are immense, as these hundred worlds are so close that it is
possible to imagine ways of sending spacecraft to them - though such journeys
would take many decades or even centuries under current assumptions. The
prospect of interstellar colonisation - a staple of science fiction - has become hugely
more likely.*

Perhaps still more importantly, the prospect of such worlds across the galaxy in the
tens of billions suggests that even if the appearance of life on watery worlds is
extremely unlikely, it has probably occurred somewhere else as well as here on
Earth. We could be looking at one or two worlds with some primitive slime in their
oceans, or thousands of aggressive star-conquering alien empires (who could -
given the distances and numbers involved - all be unaware of each others'
existence) but we're much less likely to be alone than we thought we were last
week.

No matter what, this would seem to be a clear wake-up call to humanity to pull its
head out of its - erm - navel, and look outward to the other zero-point-nine-
recurring of the universe. It's not just pretty lights in the night sky: it's potentially
home one day to the vast majority of human beings who will ever live - and
perhaps to lots of other people too.

We could well find out more in the near future.

"Some of these planets are expected to pass in front of their parent star as they
orbit — this will open up the exciting possibility of studying the planet's atmosphere
and searching for signs of life," says Bonfils' colleague Xavier Delfosse.

Readers with enough under the bonnet brains-wise can get the new research
papers in pdf here and here courtesy of the ESO. They appear in the journal
Astronomy & Astrophysics. ®

Bootnote

*Of course these worlds may - probably do - lack any life at present, and as such
humans couldn't live on them unassisted right off. However, they would present a
much less hostile environment than most extraterrestrial ones straight away, and
seeding them with suitably-adapted Earth life to create truly habitable worlds would
be a trivial matter compared to getting there in the first place.

http://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/03/28/super_earths_hundreds_close_by/

Cidersomerset
10th August 2013, 08:32
http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/sitelogos/logo_mol.gif

Pink alien planet is smallest yet to be photographed with an orbit around a sun

Nasa believes the planet, GJ 504b is a magenta colour, based on infrared data from
the Subaru Telescope in Hawaii The pink planet orbits its star at nearly nine times
the distance Jupiter orbits the sun to challenge theoretical ideas of how giant
planets form GJ 504b is about four times the mass of Jupiter and its star can be
seen without a telescope in the constellation Virgo

By Sarah Griffiths

PUBLISHED: 09:31, 9 August 2013 | UPDATED: 09:32, 9 August 2013


http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2013/08/09/article-2387647-1B36B8A0000005DC-516_634x318.jpg


Astronomers at Nasa have discovered a pink alien planet orbiting a star like our sun
57 light-years away that they said is the smallest by mass photographed so far.
Scientists believe the planet, GJ 504b, is thought to be a magenta colour, based on
infrared data from the Subaru Telescope in Hawaii.While GJ 504b is the the lowest-
mass planet ever detected around a star using direct imaging techniques, but it is
still several times the mass of Jupiter and similar in size.

The planet, GJ 504b (pictured) is the smallest exoplanet by mass orbiting a star like
our sun, some 57 light-years away. It is thought to be a magenta colour, based on
infrared data from the Subaru Telescope in Hawaii

Michael McElwain, a member of the discovery team at NASA's Goddard Space Flight
Centre in Greenbelt, Maryland, said: 'If we could travel to this giant planet, we
would see a world still glowing from the heat of its formation with a color
reminiscent of a dark cherry blossom, a dull magenta.'

'Our near-infrared camera reveals that its color is much more blue than other
imaged planets, which may indicate that its atmosphere has fewer clouds.'

More...
Scientists capture what the Universe looked like just 100,000 years after the Big
Bang - and provide clues to how it all beganThey may look like stained-glass
windows but these dazzling images reveal the kaleidoscope of colours found inside
METEORITES thought to date back 4.5 billion years


GJ 504b orbits its star at nearly nine times the distance Jupiter orbits the sun,
which poses a challenge to theoretical ideas of how giant planets form.According to
the most widely accepted theory, called the core-accretion model, Jupiter-like
planets begin their life in the gas-rich debris disk that surrounds a young star,
Francis Reddy of Nasa explained.

http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2013/08/09/article-2387647-1B36B8B0000005DC-852_634x571.jpg


This composite combines Subaru images of GJ 504 using two near-infrared
wavelengths (orange, 1.6 micrometers, taken in May 2011 and blue, 1.2
micrometers, April 2012). Once processed to remove scattered starlight, the
images reveal the orbiting planet, GJ 504b

A core produced by collisions among asteroids and comets provides a 'seed' and
when this core reaches sufficient mass, its gravitational pull rapidly attracts gas
from the disk to form the planet.While this theory holds true for planets in our solar
system out to where Neptune orbits, it is more problematic for worlds located
farther from their stars. Pink planet GJ 504b lies at a projected distance of 43.5
astronomical units from its star - which is around one-and-a-half times the distance
Neptune is from our sun.Markus Janson, a Hubble postdoctoral fellow at Princeton
University in New Jersey said: 'This is among the hardest planets to explain in a
traditional planet-formation framework.'

'Its discovery implies that we need to seriously consider alternative formation
theories, or perhaps to reassess some of the basic assumptions in the core-
accretion theory.'


http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2013/08/09/article-2387647-1B36B8BB000005DC-9_634x420.jpg

The astronomers said GJ 504b is about four times the mass of Jupiter and has a
temperature of around 237 Celsius. Its star, GJ 504 also known as 59 Virginis
(circled) is slightly hotter than the sun and can be seen in the constellation Virgo in
this chart and can be seen without using a telescope, according to Nasa

The research is part of the Strategic Explorations of Exoplanets and Disks with
Subaru (SEEDS), a project to directly image extrasolar planets and protoplanetary
disks around several hundred nearby stars using the Subaru Telescope on Mauna
Kea, Hawaii. The five-year project began in 2009 and is led by the National
Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ).While direct imaging is arguably the
most important technique for observing planets around other stars, it is also the
most challenging.


Masayuki Kuzuhara at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, who led the discovery
team, said: 'Imaging provides information about the planet’s luminosity,
temperature, atmosphere and orbit, but because planets are so faint and so close
to their host stars, it's like trying to take a picture of a firefly near a searchlight.'
The astronomers said GJ 504b is about four times the mass of Jupiter and has a
temperature of around 237 Celsius.Its star is slightly hotter than the sun, which can
be seen in the constellation Virgo.The study on GJ 504b will be published in The
Astrophysical Journal.


Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2387647/Pink-alien-planet-smallest-photographed-orbit-sun.html#ixzz2bYLakAwR
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