View Full Version : Physics breakthrough: Is the universe a giant hologram?
Camilo
15th December 2013, 20:31
Very interesting...
http://rt.com/news/space-evidence-universe-hologram-195/
Arak
17th December 2013, 20:02
But what does that actually mean? We are not here, it's just our image in 4 dimensions, but what are we in the rest 6 or so dimensions?
Nanoo Nanoo
17th December 2013, 20:38
The System we are under is called " Binary " meaning its a digital signal which can be manipulated by holographic representations. Other systems are Analogue and rely on natural sine wave matter.
Here is my paper on this and it explains how it works. ( according to my experiences )
http://projectavalon.net/forum4/showthread.php?57183-The-Holographic-Machine-Non-Factual-accounts-of-a-Hybrid-Humanoid.
Enjoy
N
Kindred
17th December 2013, 21:56
I'll simply parrot that which 'Seth' says (the Seth material by Jane Roberts)
"All there IS, is Consciousness... Consciousness Creates Matter... NOT the 'other way 'round'"...
David Bohm, who, literally 'wrote the book' on Quantum Physics, has been quoted as saying:
"The Universe is a hologram of the mind of God"
I don't think that there's ANY doubt that, what we call the 'Universe', is simply an Extremely miniscule portion of an Infinite Multiverse...
and it requires Consciousness to Create IT, and interpret IT.
In Unity, Peace and Love
Carmody
18th December 2013, 13:34
I'll quote myself from another thread I just contributed to.
This is the essence of your problem, and it is one that has no known capacity to be worked past.
Ultimately, in this framework of reality, no matter the state of logic in the given mind, we are brick-walled (reach a final limit) by the belief and projection.
As..being a point of self recognition, a recognizing of self, this very point defines the limits of what reality may be, no matter the layers and levels that may be represented in self.
Beyond that, nothing can be proven, even to the consciousness of a universal intelligence in singularity of all.
Thus, in any layering of systems, or levels of expansion, ability to hold a reality, to recognize reality, to recognize aspects of self and consciousness, this becomes the scope or range of being.
In the idea of logic itself, this is implicit.
Logic dictates that anyone who argues otherwise, has not reached even the first single loop of self recognition, and is still an instinctual animal, in this 'initial' (beginning) framework.
To argue otherwise is not logical, one is still animal and instinctual; one would be an automaton, that is not in self recognition.
Carmody
18th December 2013, 13:50
And the rest... the rest.. is just instinctual animals whacking each other with sticks.
Only one answer, but a million different ways to state the wrong direction.
Thus, not a million roads to the idea of godhead, but a million different paths of being ignorant upon.
TargeT
18th December 2013, 14:54
But what does that actually mean? We are not here, it's just our image in 4 dimensions, but what are we in the rest 6 or so dimensions?
It's very likely that we (the individual per-say) are simply energy condensed into a slow vibration so we (our consciousness that encompass all things) can subjectively experience ourselves, this happens through the interaction of opposition forces (duality.. positive, negative.. male, female.. death, life.. etc..) and a rule set, or "matrix" that our consciousness created for us to play in/with.
we had to create a way to give our selves subjective context and a vehicle to explore/experience it with, the other key aspect is Ego, as Ego convinces us that we are "Me" or "I" and separate from what we clearly are NOT separate from (everything!).
Carmody
19th December 2013, 13:43
I'll quote myself from another thread I just contributed to.
This is the essence of your problem, and it is one that has no known capacity to be worked past.
Ultimately, in this framework of reality, no matter the state of logic in the given mind, we are brick-walled (reach a final limit) by the belief and projection.
As..being a point of self recognition, a recognizing of self, this very point defines the limits of what reality may be, no matter the layers and levels that may be represented in self.
Beyond that, nothing can be proven, even to the consciousness of a universal intelligence in singularity of all.
Thus, in any layering of systems, or levels of expansion, ability to hold a reality, to recognize reality, to recognize aspects of self and consciousness, this becomes the scope or range of being.
In the idea of logic itself, this is implicit.
Logic dictates that anyone who argues otherwise, has not reached even the first single loop of self recognition, and is still an instinctual animal, in this 'initial' (beginning) framework.
To argue otherwise is not logical, one is still animal and instinctual; one would be an automaton, that is not in self recognition.
Now..let's look at the premise of the theory, that it holds perfectly in the math and in the cutting edge physics.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holography
Describe the nature of a hologram. Or, at least, the one critical point about holograms, that is germane to the query:
Since each point in the object illuminates all of the hologram, the whole object can be reconstructed from a small part of the hologram. Thus, a hologram can be broken up into small pieces and each one will enable the whole of the original object to be imaged. One does, however, lose information and the spatial resolution gets worse as the size of the hologram is decreased — the image becomes "fuzzier". The field of view is also reduced, and the viewer will have to change position to see different parts of the scene.
Let us go back to a point made earlier:
"As..being a point of self recognition, a recognizing of self, this very point defines the limits of what reality may be, no matter the layers and levels that may be represented in self.
Beyond that, nothing can be proven, even to the consciousness of a universal intelligence in singularity of all."
Another post pulled from another thread:
The one facet of the reality that is, is this.
http://projectavalon.net/forum4/showthread.php?66514-Physics-breakthrough-Is-the-universe-a-giant-hologram&p=773830&viewfull=1#post773830
The rest, is just us learning to peel back the instincts (many colors of individual and collective learning) of the avatar.
Once we recognize this, we are one with god as god is that. God is the alpha and the omega, in the first point of self recognition, at the so called omega (not just the alpha). 'I am' is god, 'I am' is (potential to be) in you. No difference. To be the I am, is the point.
When that happens, as I repeatedly do to myself, to go through the revolving door of self recognition, and recollecting this, both desire and instinct fail me. It's my solution to the idea of helping folks. To keep running to the exit of the house that is on fire. Over and over again.
Yet when that happens (reawakening).. all desire and drive to be involved in it drops to a near nothingness. Which is why the enlightened fade into the backdrop, to a degree, and we are left with both real explorers, and false prophets in their place. All the world is left with... is the breadcrumbs of their trail. The desires and pressures of this world fall away and they cease to explore, as there is no point. To just relax..and look around, to find the beauty and flow, as in the end, that's all there is.
Another response, in the same thread:
How about..if we try to expand our consciousness, into what we do not hold as a reality yet, this may require a re-calibration, a new corner, or new angle to see, from within the realm of what we do know (to handle and be as, to attempt to be, not what we have been, as we would know it already. New in the scope of the area of our potential knowing). As a method of coming to a understanding of the potentials in the new (the true unknown), shall we say.
Let's go back for a second, and look at that thing about..holograms.
Since each point in the object illuminates all of the hologram, the whole object can be reconstructed from a small part of the hologram. Thus, a hologram can be broken up into small pieces and each one will enable the whole of the original object to be imaged. One does, however, lose information and the spatial resolution gets worse as the size of the hologram is decreased — the image becomes "fuzzier". The field of view is also reduced, and the viewer will have to change position to see different parts of the scene.
Let's go to the works of Micheal Newton, and even the bible, as the bible was chock full of reincarnation, before all the reincarnation was removed.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Newton_%28hypnotist%29 (note that Wikipedia is set to delete his entry on wiki!!) (as is usual, wiki keeps trying to drive reference and resource into what they think is for people to understand. They cannot say they have no bias, that is obvious)
http://www.near-death.com/newton.html
ftp://bazaarmodel.net/pub/Project-C/Soul/JourneyofSouls.pdf (caution here, I pay for all my books, I own them in the hard paper form...so be aware) (consider buying his works and supporting him. thank you)
Let's look at an old thread that has been resurrected in the recent past. One on 'past lives. Note, please, that is it not one recollection or story. When you take into account the stories heard from people, and children, we get to..
Not one, not ten, not one hundred, not ten thousand, not a million, but tens of millions... and in sum total, over time, over the years of human life on this world, hundreds of millions of tales of the same.
Stories that cannot be faked and cannot be correlated into being a lie, as the supporting evidence in each (as each is locally 'tested') as not being capable of being faked, by the people involved. Read that again, and think. Hundreds of millions, throughout the years.
http://projectavalon.net/forum4/showthread.php?256-Past-Lives-Fake-or-Not
(obviously not fake, in any form of serious investigation. There are entire libraries of literature that explain it, in exquisite detail - entire libraries worth of written works)
Then, look at the idea of quantum entanglement. The entire field of quantum entanglement and quantum physics says the same. Hell, the father of quantum physics, Max Planck - said the same himself. And so on, for months and years of research, each single iota saying the same thing.
The list is endless.
I'd be here for weeks and months (and have been, doing exactly that).
Yet it means nothing if a person will not turn and look, to turn and become the change.
So, in effect, what are we, what are you, a small little fuzzy hologram piece, with a limited field of view and limited data set? (a fuzzy copy fragment of all?)
Yes, exactly that. Until you put in the effort to change that.
naste.de.lumina
19th December 2013, 15:25
My small contribution to this topic.
http://www.daviddarling.info/images/quantum_entanglement.gif
THE ENTANGLEMENT OF LIFE
Entanglement is one of the strangest parts of quantum mechanics — so strange, in fact, that Albert Einstein famously referred to it as "spooky action at a distance." An entangled system shows a property that has been measured for the whole but not for parts. For instance, we may know that the sum of the spins (See the explanation below what is spin) of a pair of two particles is zero, but neither of them is in a definite state (a condition referred to as superposition), particle until one is measured, causing the other particle to assume the opposite state. The effect is instantaneous, even if the two particles reside on opposite ends of the universe.
Curiously, when science drills down into the core of even the most solid-looking object, separateness dissolves, and all that remain are relationships extending throughout, and possibly beyond, space and time, revealing a deeper reality which evokes what sages from all ages and traditions have been describing as one substance — call it consciousness, call it energy — comprising all the universe and giving rise to all appearances.
When we begin to explore the fabric of reality either through the lens of science or through the lens of spirituality, a deeper understanding and experience of what we call reality emerges as infinite, ever present, interconnected whole.
Source: http://www.scienceandnonduality.com/
What is a spin?
Electrons besides their electric charges, also have an angular momentum, known as spin. You can compare them with balls spinning around themselves, like the Earth for example.
The spin is intimately connected with a magnetic field, similar to that produced by a small magnet, but this field has to be aligned to the axis of rotation.
So an electron acts as if it contains a small magnet, the magnets have north pole and south pole, and as the Earth rotates around the axis connecting its poles, also does an electron having a magnetic orientation that physicists call spin.
The spin is usually represented by an arrow, or vector, following some rules.
When the rotation is from west to east, the spin points up, when it is from east to west, the spin pointing down.
What usually happens is that the existing electrical currents in wires, electrons have randomly oriented, not affecting the flow of current.
The spintronics however suggests that aligns these electrons, directing all their spins in the same direction.
Importantly electrons can have their spins oriented in different directions.
In a magnetic field, electrons with spins up and down have different energies.
How to align an electron?
When a magnetic field is given on the electrons, these spin like the needle of a compass, aligning themselves with the field, but not its axis remains stopped processing (movement that a top does when stopping the run) and swings. When the field is removed, the electron stops processing and maintains the orientation of its spin.
Source in Portuguese: http://www.ced.ufsc.br/men5185/trabalhos/23_semicondutores/spin.htm
My current understanding:
The quantum entanglement connects everything in the universe, ultimately it means the relationship between the perception of matter created by consciousness.
These connections could be considered as the basic substance of the universe.
The hologram is a consequence of this organizational structure.
Everything is consciousness expressed and experienced by through and perceptions.
When we can think and feel like the primordial consciousness, where everything else originates, we entered in 'phase' and spent the 'being' that consciousness (enlightenment).
hugs.
Naste.
Carmody
27th December 2013, 18:09
Here is the philosophical, religious, financial and scientific/academic equivalent of the holographic universe theory.
Note the length of time that this analogy has been around.
Note how this analogy was turned on it's head in order to capture and screw you over.
In the world of resources, life, finance, money, religion, god, self, science, and so on.
All of them controlled by secret societies and groups, 'the hidden hand', which have purposely lied them all into being closed systems. To both their members and the general public - they use the weakness in humans who involve themselves in these groups, to capture the rest of humanity.
The reasons behind this are not specifically known in micro-detail, but suffice it to say, this has been a purposeful and widely enacted plan and set of ongoing actions (of constant correction and guiding) that has limited humanity into being a bunch of rats in a burning box.
Literally thousands and thousands of examples of this limiting exist, and are in front of you and everyone else. Both daily examples and in the historical and personal records of all people who live now and have ever lived. That, in reality, the numbers of examples of getting past this, in minor to major ways, are in the hundreds of millions of examples.
Yet, many to most refuse to look, due to the pain and stress of having to deal with such a great change, a change in all they cling to (families, relationships, jobs, habits, loves, all of it). Getting yourself to deal with the pain of confronting that huge and all expansive mess...is the limiting factor.
Are you in enough pain to change your way of knowing the world and yourself, yet? When that finally happens, and you possess the resolve and strength to not fall back in those initial stages, as it will happen in literally hundreds of little exceedingly painful steps (as it always does)...then you may move forward in this world, and in life. Part of why why it considered a journey, not a destination.
Take your time, but remember to find a way in yourself to keep moving. When the stiffness in you finally breaks and you flow forward freely, in your many blips and fits and starts, you will find yourself finally walking toward the way out.
~~~~~
The images will turn to the correct orientation when they are opened.
This is the explicit connection and explanation, in as compact an answer on 'how it was done-what it was and is about', that you are ever likely to find, in this life.
Read carefully and read well. Work at the understanding of it, as this is really it. Many thanks to Joseph Farrell, for all his efforts.
Carmody
30th December 2013, 01:36
Think of it this way: In order for the universe as a singularity to exist..the way it could manage to hold onto it's own intelligence and 'sanity' or cohesion...is to break itself up. In probability...the only way, in that fractal holographic scenario... to become more aware, is to grow or multiply the smallest parts and then, within that.... to enable their interconnection.
Awareness requires a minimum opening position of differential, or contrast ,and the point that witnesses and recognizes it. the original 'I Am', for each of us all the way up to the most potent of godheads.
Intelligence, as a pattern of and in growth, requires a massive differential and interconnectedness of that multi-state differential. Scope or range, is tied to contrast range and subtleties of differences.
These points of understanding peak at about 150IQ or thereabouts, or when one understands the meaning of the words I speak or write, here.
After that, if we speak about for example, alien minds, we may speak about much larger brains for the purposes of holding more complex varied moments, not necessarily more capacity for thought or logical rumination. To hold bigger more varied chunks of 'reality', in a given moment-form...for the purposes of reality manipulation. That is the deal.
My research, says to me, that beyond an IQ of about 200+ or 250, or thereabouts, that there is probably no more reason to be physical. If one has a larger more complex brain after that point..then it may only be for the manipulation of the fabric of 3d linear time reality, as we know it.
This all seems to indicate that we are getting close to a watershed moment in the current run of what humanity is.
Kindred
30th December 2013, 13:10
I believe all who have responded to this thread are in general agreement...
I'll simply add this to the cumulative knowledge base.
Written by a holographic physicist:
http://nujournal.net/choice.html
by Thomas J. Chalko #
Abstract: At the beginning of the twenty first century the prevailing and vigorously defended view is that the Universe happened by chance. All fundamental sub-atomic processes are thought to be "random" and the only way to quantify them seems to be the "uncertainty" principle. Clearly, our conclusions about the Reality of the Universe are determined and limited by our imagination. Can we imagine alternatives? What if nothing in the Universe is by chance? Could it be by CHOICE?
In Unity, Peace and Love
Rantaak
30th December 2013, 21:51
My research, says to me, that beyond an IQ of about 200+ or 250, or thereabouts, that there is probably no more reason to be physical. If one has a larger more complex brain after that point..then it may only be for the manipulation of the fabric of 3d linear time reality, as we know it.
This all seems to indicate that we are getting close to a watershed moment in the current run of what humanity is.
This sounds quite a lot like what the extra-dimensionals would always say to me. They kept assuring me of no need to worry, as this was an inevitable consequence of the hippy folk and their subsequent morphogenetic crystallization of endogenous neurotransmitters.
As a culture, we may (in some ways literal) have more than hell to go through in order to culminate understanding in the truth of our own consciousness and sovereignty of the kingdom therein. But, monkey see monkey do. The crystallization is imminent. To the elves, this time-span is inconceivably small.
Delight
30th December 2013, 22:09
I believe all who have responded to this thread are in general agreement...
........ Clearly, our conclusions about the Reality of the Universe are determined and limited by our imagination. Can we imagine alternatives? What if nothing in the Universe is by chance? Could it be by CHOICE?
In Unity, Peace and Love
is this not the most invigorating point of agreement! What interests me most is the experiencing of living day to day out of this conclusion. It is one thing to have a fantasy about this "choice" but it's like real "love affair" versus "watching porn".
To just mentally entertain a "cool idea" about a relationship with "consciousness" is way different that dealing with the day to day. It takes commitment and there is no one else to take the blame.
I am in love with the high strangeness and I cannot believe anything else now. It means I feel I may be a radical even to my own personality that would like some one else to depend upon. But no, not really. It's as if i have turned a corner and cannot see back around to the old place.
Carmody
4th January 2014, 08:32
To continue in this vein of exploration:
Not just holographic. But..also..multidimensional.
In each atomic component, each nano hologram is connected to many parallel spaces.
That all of these 'possibilities' are passing though the 'no-thing' point of each nano-holgram component.
This is the why behind the aspect of the geometric vibrational patterns of the ley lines and vortex lines.
That if we vibrate a set (via various means and scenarios) a group of 'atomic structures', that this grouping of structures will pass out of this universe, into another. And so on.
There's much much more here than can be seen from the one viewpoint. The ley/vortex lines are known for being boundary blending points.
This is the 'the rabbit hole is very very deep' part of the equation.
A growing number of cosmologists agree with Greene that we are but one of many universes and at least one of these other worlds lies close to ours, maybe only a millimeter away. We can't see this world, because it exists in a type of space different from the four dimensions of our everyday reality.
http://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/more/pelletier20131118
Arak
4th January 2014, 11:16
I bet ethreal, astral and other planes are just alternative dimensions filled with beings we call as angels, demons, spirits and such. And as thought energy can travel between dimensions they can be contacted and they can contact our spirits, but are not that able to operate on a physical level.
Billy
4th January 2014, 12:28
From Jan 2012.
http://projectavalon.net/forum4/showthread.php?38992-Our-World-May-Be-A-Giant-Hologram-Scientists-Say
Our World May Be A Giant Hologram, Scientists Say.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/02/12/our-world-may-be-a-giant-_n_460386.html
full story here. but you need to subscribe
http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20126911.300-our-world-may-be-a-giant-hologram.html?full=true
New Scientist:
For many months, the GEO600 team-members had been scratching their heads over inexplicable noise that is plaguing their giant detector. Then, out of the blue, a researcher approached them with an explanation. In fact, he had even predicted the noise before he knew they were detecting it. According to Craig Hogan, a physicist at the Fermilab particle physics lab in Batavia, Illinois, GEO600 has stumbled upon the fundamental limit of space-time - the point where space-time stops behaving like the smooth continuum Einstein described and instead dissolves into "grains", just as a newspaper photograph dissolves into dots as you zoom in. "It looks like GEO600 is being buffeted by the microscopic quantum convulsions of space-time," says Hogan.
If this doesn't blow your socks off, then Hogan, who has just been appointed director of Fermilab's Center for Particle Astrophysics, has an even bigger shock in store: "If the GEO600 result is what I suspect it is, then we are all living in a giant cosmic hologram."
Adding,
The comment highlighted in Red, Could this be the noise that people are experiencing around the planet ?
peace
Carmody
4th January 2014, 16:48
I bet ethreal, astral and other planes are just alternative dimensions filled with beings we call as angels, demons, spirits and such. And as thought energy can travel between dimensions they can be contacted and they can contact our spirits, but are not that able to operate on a physical level.
Taken from the other thread, a way of explaining the 'phenomena of reality' (other good posts are there as well)
I seem to have trouble grasping what a holographic universe is.
How can a doctor do surgery on a hologram?
I mean cut open the body, suction the blood, take out an organ, sew the skin back shut and then it heals......
.........all of this on a hologram? WHAT?
your mind makes it real.
Yes, but rather the opposite, in a way. That the mind decodes the information, and relates this information to the 'occupant' of the body, so that the body may make sense of the data. In exactly the same way that car manufacturers suggest faces on the front of modern cars. Asian car manufacturers do this in what is probably the most blatant fashion.
Reality, as we call it, is just a angle or direction/polarization of dimensional viewpoint, seen in a particular way, decoded in a particular way, through various layers.
Carmody
4th January 2014, 18:02
Reality, as we seem to think we experience it, and all of it's convoluted bits of immature attachment: Newtonian reality, the 3d- linear unidirectional time-space, atomic, etc..is just a dog's breakfast of leftovers, simply trails of effects...... leavings of higher level functions and considerations.
And.... getting lost on about 95%-99% of the intent and directions, the shadows on the cave walls... in the threads on this forum, is exactly that..getting lost in things that are just after effects of the real core of the matter. They are reactive points of circular logic playing out as forms of distraction.
One could see those things as lessons to be learned, but in effect, what they are - is not changed.
If you take a ball, and put it on a string and play with your cat.....that is probably as close to what it is, as any other analogy.
Carmody
6th January 2014, 16:57
What we are dealing with is the infinity divided into infinity.
That the 'no-thing' boundaries ...are the actual boundaries both plural and singular, the dimensional meeting points between the quantum foam or quantum bits. Where every possible dimension and aspect meets the infinity divided, which are the smaller less distinct points of the holograph.
One in and one out, in a near perfect balance, but slated slightly to the outer, so we, from this point of being, experience linear unidirectional time.
That the systems are in a constant flowing in-out vortex that is the core point that allows for the stability and existence of the shattering into components of the hologram. Vibration, resonance, etc, their aspects of stability and in unidirectional slow decay. The externalizing wave descends into chaos and noise...
... if one keeps externalizing and rushing off into the edges of the outer-darkness, all they will find is more and more insanity and chaos, that keeps getting darker and darker, and more insane, more chaotic. The looking out view, the never looking inside view. Total externalization in self...leads to nightmare reflection. The externalizing mind descends into chaos and noise.....
The way out, and the original entry point.... is on the inside, not the outside.
That, in the end, one has to look inside to find the opposite of that external decay into chaos.... and then.... one can finally find the balance point. Stability in position, and resonance, to gate or be in either direction -or both.
In that balance point is found peace, completeness....and infinity. The no-thing boundary, the fulcrum of the matter, the balance point to stand in and on. The edges of the personal aspects of the hologram that define the self and connect to all..
~~~~~~~~
What I've said here, is exactly translatable into quantum theory and quantum science/engineering.
Johnny
7th January 2014, 00:57
What we are dealing with is the infinity divided into infinity.
That the 'no-thing' boundaries ...are the actual boundaries both plural and singular, the dimensional meeting points between the quantum foam or quantum bits. Where every possible dimension and aspect meets the infinity divided, which are the smaller less distinct points of the holograph.
One in and one out, in a near perfect balance, but slated slightly to the outer, so we, from this point of being, experience linear unidirectional time.
That the systems are in a constant flowing in-out vortex that is the core point that allows for the stability and existence of the shattering into components of the hologram. Vibration, resonance, etc, their aspects of stability and in unidirectional slow decay. The externalizing wave descends into chaos and noise...
... if one keeps externalizing and rushing off into the edges of the outer-darkness, all they will find is more and more insanity and chaos, that keeps getting darker and darker, and more insane, more chaotic. The looking out view, the never looking inside view. Total externalization in self...leads to nightmare reflection. The externalizing mind descends into chaos and noise.....
The way out, and the original entry point.... is on the inside, not the outside.
That, in the end, one has to look inside to find the opposite of that external decay into chaos.... and then.... one can finally find the balance point. Stability in position, and resonance, to gate or be in either direction -or both.
In that balance point is found peace, completeness....and infinity. The no-thing boundary, the fulcrum of the matter, the balance point to stand in and on. The edges of the personal aspects of the hologram that define the self and connect to all..
~~~~~~~~
What I've said here, is exactly translatable into quantum theory and quantum science/engineering.
I once saw 'something' and the word that came to me was chaos, I went into it, and I was happy without limits.
So to me there is a huge difference between chaos and chaotic.
Regards Johnny
Carmody
7th January 2014, 01:04
Yes, that is what a open future is.
Chaos, but with attempts at order.
Perfect order is sameness, which is just as much a nothingness as nothingness would be. the idea that a 1 or a 0 are the same, if there is no comparative. That the beginning point is the tri-state differentiation. The observation point and the two different things. Discernment.
Like music. Music is fantasy. Any fantasy you like, but with order.
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