Erupting Volcano of Mount Kelud on Java island Indonesia

[Bob]

14 Feb 2014 Massive Volcanic Eruption Java Island Indonesia

Forcing evacuations of between 100,000-200,000 people, having already killed 3


http://www.usnews.com/dims4/USNEWS/10002b1/2147483647/resize/652x%3E/quality/85/?url=%2Fcmsmedia%2F6d%2F372efb3814779060203b628d47de9c%2Fmedia%3Afdc9e3a21603490e9edeab54fc35ba45APT OPIXIndonesiaVolcanoErupts.JPEG

The explosion was heard 125 miles away, 200 km.

Ash and grit fell to earth in towns and cities across the region, including Surabaya, Indonesia's second-largest city after Jakarta, with a population of about 3 million.

[Bob]

From Nature World News, Mount Kelud data

ref: http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/6031/20140214/mt-kelud-erupts-indonesia-100-000-forced-evacuate-ash-blankets.htm


http://images.natureworldnews.com/data/images/full/4646/ash-raises-from-mount-keluds-eruption-as-seen-from-sugih-waras-village-february-14-2014.jpg?w=600

Mount Kelud erupted late Thursday on Indonesia's Java island, eruptions continuing into Friday.

Indonesia's National Disaster Mitigation Agency (BNPB) issued an evacuation warning about an hour before the volcano - which had been rumbling for days - erupted, for people living within 10 kilometers (6 miles) of Mt. Kelud.

Of the three that died, two people died of smoke inhalation and a third died from falling debris.

Mt Kelud is also a Strato-Volcano, similar to the one (Vesuvius) which destroyed Pompeii and Herculaneum. The strato-volcano Tungurahua in Ecuador has been erupting since about the 1st February. Similar gas clouds and pyroclastic flows of ash and debris were emitted. Scientists predict that the next eruption of Mount Vesuvius will be violent, having erupted last in 1944.

Stratovolcanoes are the world's most dangerous volcanoes.

[Bob]

http://www.independent.co.uk/incoming/article9128319.ece/ALTERNATES/w620/MountKelud.jpg

"Indonesia has approximately 130 active volcanoes. Due to its population density and the fertile soils that volcanic slopes provide, hundreds of thousands of Indonesians live close to active volcanoes. They have learnt to live with the rumblings and frequently ignore orders to leave."

"The huge archipelago sits between the most active seismic region in the world, the Pacific Ring of Fire, an area where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur, and the Alpide Belt."

ref: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/mount-kelud-eruption-why-makes-indonesia-the-hottest-spot-on-the-ring-of-fire-9128148.html - eruption in Indonesia

The Alpide Belt is among the most seismically active zones in the world. The Ring of Fire, or the circum-Pacific belt, is the world’s greatest earthquake belt, according to Live Science, because of fault lines running from Chile to Japan and Southeast Asia.

These fault lines are breaks in the plates of the Earth’s crust and are where earthquakes are likely to occur.


http://img.tfd.com/thumb/0/09/Pacific_Ring_of_Fire.png

http://www.livescience.com/8823-indonesia-explosive-geology-explained.html - Indonesia's Explosive Geology on the Ring of Fire

"Precariously located above the grinding and mashing of several tectonic plates, and ringed by a chain of fire-breathing volcanoes, the country's islands are located in one of the most volatile regions in the world. The eruption of a volcano and the shaking of a tsunami-generating earthquake this week is just one reminder of Indonesia's fiery foundation.

"As the world's largest archipelago — spread across 17,500 islands — Indonesia sits between the world's most active seismic region — the notorious Pacific Ring of Fire — and the world's second most active region — the Alpide belt. Being sandwiched between such seismicity has meant the islands experience some of the strongest earthquakes and most powerful volcanic eruptions known on Earth."

[Bob]

Both of Indonesia's most active volcanoes – Kelut and Mount Merapi (meaning "mountain of fire") – sit on Java Island.

And both have a history of explosive eruptions. Mount Merapi erupted today (Oct. 26), with preliminary reports of 100 people killed, according to the USGS. Merapi is located in central Java, roughly 310 miles (500 kilometers) southeast of the capital Jakarta.

Mount Merapi last erupted in 2006, killing two, but its violent history includes more than 1,300 killed in a 1930 eruption and possibly 70 killed in a 1994 eruption.

Other colossal volcanic eruptions that have occurred in Indonesia include the eruption of Krakatau, which reportedly generated the loudest sound ever heard in modern history when it exploded in 1883, killing 40,000 people. Krakatau is a volcanic island located between the islands of Java and Sumatra.

The Toba supervolcano located on the island of Sumatra, which erupted 70,000 years ago, was a global catastrophe, creating six years of volcanic winter.

ref: http://www.livescience.com/8823-indonesia-explosive-geology-explained.html


http://i.livescience.com/images/i/000/062/613/original/kelut_lightning.jpg?1392400194

Dr Steven Godby, an expert in natural hazards at Nottingham Trent University, said Kelud is regarded as one of the most dangerous volcanoes on Java because of its frequent eruptions and deadly 'lahars'.

"Lahar is an Indonesian term used to describe the hot or cold mixture of water, rock and ash that can flow down the slopes of a volcano or along river valleys", he said. "Kelud’s typically short but violent eruptions cause the ejection of water from a crater lake at its summit."

[Bob]

Map of Major Volcanoes of Indonesia


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Map_indonesia_volcanoes.gif

The volcanoes in Indonesia are among the most active of the Pacific Ring of Fire.

They are formed due to subduction zones of three main active tectonic plates namely the Eurasian Plate, Pacific Plate, and the Indo-Australian Plate.

Some of the volcanoes are notable for their eruptions, for instance, Krakatau* for its global effects in 1883, Lake Toba for its supervolcanic eruption estimated to have occurred 74,000 years ago that was responsible for six years of volcanic winter, and Mount Tambora for the most violent eruption in recorded history in 1815.

The eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815 caused wide spread harvest failures in Northern Europe, the Northeastern United States, and eastern Canada in 1816, which was known as the Year Without a Summer.

The most active volcanoes are Kelud and Mount Merapi on Java island which have been responsible for thousands of deaths in the region.

Since AD 1000, Kelud has erupted more than 30 times, of which the largest eruption was at scale 5 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index, while Merapi has erupted more than 80 times.

Krakatoa, or Krakatau (Indonesian: Krakatau), is a volcanic island situated in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in Indonesia.

The name is also used for the surrounding island group comprising the remnants of a much larger island of three volcanic peaks which was obliterated in a cataclysmic 1883 eruption, unleashing huge tsunamis (killing more than 36,000 people) and destroying over two-thirds of the island.

The explosion is considered to be the loudest sound ever heard in modern history, with reports of it being heard up to 3,000 miles (4,800 km) from its point of origin. The shock waves from the explosion were recorded on barographs around the globe.

ED NOTE:

It is important to pay attention to the volcanic eruptions happening in Indonesia, the "Ring of Fire" - these events are potentially world class as evidenced in the not so far back history.

[Bob]

Infra-Red Satellite temperature of the region centered on the eruption


http://images.volcanodiscovery.com/uploads/pics/mtsat-kelut.jpg

¤=[Post Update]=¤

Spectacular Ash generated Lightning from the Volcano

http://images.volcanodiscovery.com/uploads/pics/kelut-lightning.jpg


http://images.volcanodiscovery.com/uploads/pics/kelut-lightning.jpg

[Bob]

From the Volcanic monitoring website - The ash plume from last night's major eruption (possibly sub-plinian or even plinian in size) of Kelut is drifting rapidly to the west above the Indian Ocean. It is estimated to be as high as 55,000 ft (16 km) and extends several hundred kilometers in both N-S and W-E directions.

An important warning for aircraft using routes in this part of SE Asia was issued by VAAC Darwin. The eruption plume is well visible on satellite data.

According to VSI, the eruption started at 21:15 local time, following a rapid build-up in seismic activity during the same day. Monitoring staff were forced to evacuate their observation post as the eruption began to increase and a heavy rain of gravel-sized lapilli set in.

The Concern:

It is still unclear how large exactly the eruption was and what type exactly is was.

An important question is whether fresh magma was involved (which seems rather likely) or whether it was phreatic (no new magma involved) and simply the result of a brutal release of pressure that had accumulated beneath the 2007 lava dome.

In the first scenario, there would be a significant amount of fresh, viscous magma that has come to explosion. In this case, the eruption might still continue for a while, possibly with new violent explosions, until the portion of the new gas-rich magma that is able to erupt has been vented. It could then end with the emplacement of a new lava dome at the end of the eruption, corresponding to the last, relatively degassed magma that is able to reach the surface.

In the other case (no fresh magma involved) the eruption is likely to remain a single, short-lived event.

Samples of the ash (being taken) should help get a picture about the origin of the eruption.

Kelut is notorious among Indonesia's volcanoes for its violent, and often deadly explosive eruptions.

One of the worst disasters occurred during the 1919 eruption, when the then very large crater lake drained and produced extensive mud-flows (lahars) that killed at least 5160 people.

An eruption in 1586 is believed to have caused even more than 10,000 fatalities. The most recent prior explosive eruption in 1991 caused more than 50 deaths due to pyroclastic flows that swept down the flanks of the mountain. In contrast, the 2007 eruption was almost purely effusive and built a new lava dome, replacing the previous lake. This lava dome was with all likelihood completely destroyed during last night's explosion.

VSI raised the alert level to 4 (out of 4) and advises to stay at least 10 km away from the mountain. In particular, any valleys and low-lying areas should be avoided.

Eruptive activity continued at least until the morning. Local newspapers reported heavy ash falls in areas up to 200 km distance and that the explosion sound was heard in Yogyakarta (170 km distance). The ash plume forced the closure of several important regional airports, including Yogyakarta, Solo, and Surabaya.

As described in the News and Updates Ecuador volcanic eruption thread, this volcano is also a stratovolcano, and the explosive eruptions happen when the magma plugs up the vent/throat of the volcano, resulting in massive explosions when the plug blows. Large amounts of toxic Sulfur Dioxide gas build up under the plug and are part and parcel to the deaths of humans and animals. Sulfur dioxide plus water create sulfuric acid, and form acid rains.

VSI raised the alert status to the second highest level 3 (out of 4), "Siaga" (meaning eruption warning). In its latest report, VSI informs that an ongoing slight deformation, suggesting magma intrusion, has been detected since September and that a strong increase in seismic activity started on 7 February.

On 7 February, the Ecuadorian Volcano on the other side of the Ring of Fire belt, Tungurahua, was erupting strongly as well.

[Bob]

The SO2 Cloud currently, 14 Feb, was heading west into the Indian Ocean as shown


http://satepsanone.nesdis.noaa.gov/pub/OMI/OMISO2/images/java.gif

Factors leading up to the eruption:

PVMBG reported that during 3-10 February seismic activity at Kelut was dominated by both shallow and deep volcanic earthquakes; earthquake hypocenters were 3 km below the summit. RSAM values increased on 6 and 9 February.

Inflation was detected at one station.

Crater lake water temperatures increased since September 2013, particularly during 23 January-9 February. Temperatures decreased slightly on 10 February.

Based on increased seismicity, inflation, and higher water temperatures, PVMBG increased the Alert Level to 3 (on a scale of 1-4) on 10 February.

Visitors and residents were prohibited from approaching the crater within a 5-km radius.
13-14 February the Volcano erupted.

[Bob]

The ashcloud was captured on the Soumi Npp satellite as it passed overhead


http://www.nnvl.noaa.gov/images/high_resolution/1506v1_20140214-Kilud_VIIRS-SVI05.png

ref: http://www.nnvl.noaa.gov/

"17:30 UTC on February 13, 2014, the Suomi NPP satellite passed over the Indonesian island of Java, capturing the ash cloud emanating from the Mount Kelud volcano. Mount Kelud erupted just hours before.."

ref: http://volcano.ssec.wisc.edu/imagery/view/#c:sector,instr,sat,image_type,endtime::sector:Java_1_km::instr:MODIS::instr:VisIRImager::sat:Aqua:: sat:Terra::sat:MTSAT-2::image_type:Ash_Height::endtime:2014-02-14_18-14-00::daterange:1440 shows this animation, it is very spectacular


http://volcano.ssec.wisc.edu/images/sector_imagery/Java_1_km/VisIRImager/MTSAT-2/Ash_Height/MTSAT-2.VisIRImager.2014-02-14_17-32-00.Ash_Height.Java_1_km.png

[naste.de.lumina]

Spectacular Ash generated Lightning from the Volcano


http://images.volcanodiscovery.com/uploads/pics/kelut-lightning.jpg

Hello Bobd.

This photo of the volcano is spectacularly crazy.
Slightly below and right of interception in 'X' created by lightning, I see the top of the face of a gray et, with huge black eyes.

Grateful friend.

Naste.

PS: Sending positive vibes for these people.

[Sidney]

Both of Indonesia's most active volcanoes – Kelut and Mount Merapi (meaning "mountain of fire") – sit on Java Island.

And both have a history of explosive eruptions. Mount Merapi erupted today (Oct. 26), with preliminary reports of 100 people killed, according to the USGS. Merapi is located in central Java, roughly 310 miles (500 kilometers) southeast of the capital Jakarta.

Mount Merapi last erupted in 2006, killing two, but its violent history includes more than 1,300 killed in a 1930 eruption and possibly 70 killed in a 1994 eruption.

Other colossal volcanic eruptions that have occurred in Indonesia include the eruption of Krakatau, which reportedly generated the loudest sound ever heard in modern history when it exploded in 1883, killing 40,000 people. Krakatau is a volcanic island located between the islands of Java and Sumatra.

The Toba supervolcano located on the island of Sumatra, which erupted 70,000 years ago, was a global catastrophe, creating six years of volcanic winter.

ref: http://www.livescience.com/8823-indonesia-explosive-geology-explained.html


http://i.livescience.com/images/i/000/062/613/original/kelut_lightning.jpg?1392400194

Dr Steven Godby, an expert in natural hazards at Nottingham Trent University, said Kelud is regarded as one of the most dangerous volcanoes on Java because of its frequent eruptions and deadly 'lahars'.

"Lahar is an Indonesian term used to describe the hot or cold mixture of water, rock and ash that can flow down the slopes of a volcano or along river valleys", he said. "Kelud’s typically short but violent eruptions cause the ejection of water from a crater lake at its summit."

I do not mean to derail you thread in any way. the situation seems pretty dire for that area, but i couldn't happen to notice the HAARP "appearance" of the clouds above the volcano in this particular photograph, and wanted to make note of it.

[ghostrider]

Sydney you may be right , haarp could have set the whole thing off ...

[Bob]

Thankyou very much for offering a suggestion that the ionospheric heater across the world was responsible for something thousands of miles away - however this thread is not for discussing HAARP.

It was pointed out a while back HAARP was shut down. - http://earthsky.org/earth/crazy-weather-you-cant-blame-haarp-anymore

What I do suggest taking a look at is Mitch Battros's research about his theory that when solar storms (http://earthchangesmedia.com/mitch-battros-research-endorsements) light up and send particles to the Earth that the Earth has to absorb that amount of energy. He has stated that this creates a heating of the plates, more so than the normal friction induced by the plates subducting, or moving over each other. Mitch's website is: http://earthchangesmedia.com/mitch-battros-research-endorsements

It's well worth looking at Mitch's theories as they make sense, more so than suggesting that a very low power in comparison radio transmitter in Alaska has anything to do with melting plates across the world which require trillions of watts of power. HAARP has 3.6 million watts, compared to the solar particle energy influx hitting the Earth that has to be absorbed, it is insignificant.

That's it on HAARP please.

The Ring of Fire and the multiple plates interacting in that area have been creating volcanic issues for thousands of years.

I suggest that someone start a thread doing a correlation between the solar CME's, or coronal mass ejections, and how quickly earthquake and volcanic activity happens, especially when solar earth pointing particle storms hit, what part of the Earth is exposed when that happens.

[Bob]

The death toll might rise in Indonesia after the eruption of Mt Kelud the 13th/14th.

8:49 pm February 14, 2014 local time.

There is concern that rooftops will collapse from the weight of the falling ash. Ashfall continues throughout Java Indonesia.

This is what a volcanic ash-cloud plume looks like as it comes out of the volcanic cone:


http://d32ogoqmya1dw8.cloudfront.net/images/NAGTWorkshops/health/case_studies/volcanic_ash_cloud.v3.jpg

Authorities are advising that people do NOT try to return to their homes despite the eruption having calmed and diminished, although there is a white cloud appearing to be coming from the volcano.

Authorities are advising that people wear dust respirator masks to prevent breathing in the ash cloud. People are being advised to wear the masks INSIDE as well because the particles are so fine (and dangerous).

"Evacuees were crowded into an evacuation shelter in Malang, East Java, when the structure collapsed, said Sriono, a local resident who sought refuge in the building.

“At the time there were about 30 people [in the room],” Sriono told the Jakarta Globe. “We were waiting for a shuttle to be evacuated to the city of Batu [East Java] when the roof and walls suddenly collapsed. It was unable to withstand the [weight of the] falling ash.”

ref: http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/news/death-toll-rises-as-tens-of-thousands-flee-mount-kelud-eruption/ - ashfall, residents fleeing

ASH-FALL causes flights to be cancelled

"Flights grounded, tourist sites are now closed down."

Transportation officials temporarily suspended all flights into and out of seven airports in Java as international flights to Bali were forced to turn around.

“All flights to those airports have been cancelled, and other flights, including some between Australia and Indonesia, have been rerouted,” Transport Ministry director general of aviation Herry Bakti told AFP.

"Virgin Australia was forced to cancel flights that flew near the affected area on Friday, explaining in a statement that “the safety of our customers is the highest priority.” Australian nurse Susanne Webster, 38, was on a late-morning Virgin flight from Sydney to Bali that was turned around.

“About two hours in, the pilot announced over in Indonesia there was a volcano that erupted and that we were turning the plane back,” she told AFP, adding they were still in Australian airspace at the time.

Australian airline Qantas, Singapore Airlines and Cathay Pacific all cancelled or postponed flights to Jakarta and Surabaya on Friday and Saturday. Low-cost carrier AirAsia said 21 flights were affected by the eruption on Friday.

“The ashes could… compromise the safety and performance of the aircraft, such as [cause] permanent damage to the engine,” AirAsia said in a statement.

Garuda Indonesia cancelled flights to Malang, Semarang, Surabaya, Solo and Yogyakarta due to poor visibility.

The airline expects the situation to remain poor for the next three days, Aminuloh, a station manager with the airline, told the Jakarta Globe on Friday."

The ash-plume reached a height of 19 miles up and poses a serious risk to air craft flying. The ash can serious damage and stall out jet engines.

The Darwin Volcanic Ash observatory:

http://www.bom.gov.au/info/vaac/


http://www.bom.gov.au/info/vaac/VAAC_map_2011.png

(regional ash-fall is able to be determined and posted on this website)

"Nine Volcanic Ash Advisory Centres around the world advise the international aviation industry of the location and movement of clouds of volcanic ash. The area covered by the Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre includes Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and part of the Philippines. This area has seen some of the biggest eruptions known to history."

[Bob]

One of the most DEADLY effects of a volcano are what happens from breathing what is put into the air. Dangerous toxic gases, frequently Sulfur dioxide suffocate, and kill with the toxicity. Sulfur dioxide gas creates dangerous corrosive sulfuric acid when it comes in contact with water. (battery acid).. Other acids present are Hydrochloric acid and Hydrofluoric acid. Both acids are highly dangerous and toxic. HF (Hydrofluoric acid can dissolve skin in seconds, or any carbon substance). HF dissolves rock easily as well.

The ash, consists of very microscopic fine particles of ROCK plus acids.

These particles go upwards into the atmosphere, and slowly FALL-OUT of the atmosphere up to thousands of miles away from the event (the eruption). Meaning a volcano up to 1000 miles away or more can create a cloud which saturates the air.

Depending on the severity of the eruption, the ash-cloud can literally circulate the earth. (see above posts on nuclear-like winter from ashclouds).


http://d32ogoqmya1dw8.cloudfront.net/images/NAGTWorkshops/health/case_studies/distribution_hazardous_volcani_1354203762.png

Government officials in Java are recommending that everyone wear a respirator mask, even INDOORS as the particles are small enough to make their way through small cracks.

Impacts on Human Health

--Silicosis


http://d32ogoqmya1dw8.cloudfront.net/images/NAGTWorkshops/health/case_studies/silicosis_361.jpg
A picture of silicosis of the lung

Inhalation of volcanic ash can be very detrimental to human health, due to the harmful aerosols and poisonous gases the ash is made up of. Health effects include respiratory problems, eye problems, and skin irritation.

1. Respiratory symptoms (short-term)

runny nose
sore throat/coughing
wheezing/shortness of breath
possible bronchitus

2. Eye symptoms (short-term)

may become itchy or bloodshot
corneal abrasions or scratches
can result in conjunctivitis
tearings

One long-term effect of volcanic ash is silicosis.

Silicosis is a disease resulting in lung impairment and scarring, from exposure to particles of free crystalline silica.

Minerals that are associated with silicosis include quartz, cristobalite, and tridymite, all potentially present in volcanic ash.

Volcanic ash can also contaminate the water supply.

Ash-fall can persist for many days.


http://d32ogoqmya1dw8.cloudfront.net/images/NAGTWorkshops/health/case_studies/1354578168_361.jpg

[Lifebringer]

Looks like the red spirit of the wolf comes via the ring of fire. I hope they can evacuate on time, before they get the pulling of the crust volcanic action. Plates will be moving, some slow, some jolting, but move they must, and so must the people to higher ground and with covered openings of the body, even the ears. Microscopic glass and metal particles with dust and ash not to mention the heat.

L.U.P.

[sheme]

Thanks for your efforts Bobd this is a huge event, I recall mount St Helena and the dramatic sunsets here in UK. I hope that the people are safe and the event is created for the improvement of mankind.

[Bob]

15 Feb 14 - Mount Kelud-update

Weather dot com reports now 4 dead out of the possible thousands which could have been harmed or perished. TG

There is a media player on the reference website: http://www.weather.com/news/volcano-erupts-indonesia-mount-kelud-20140214 - Mount Kelud Volcano Erupts in Indonesia; 4 Dead As Clean-Up Begins - weather.com Volcano Forces Thousands to Flee

"Though volcanic activity calmed on Saturday, authorites warned that secondary effects, such as landslides, could threaten surrounding towns and villages.

"As a result, the Indonesian army banned people from returning to towns and villages within six miles of the volcano. "


http://resources0.news.com.au/images/2014/02/14/1226827/327820-1dc71f86-952d-11e3-8d43-e004d36a6c9a.jpg

[seeker/reader]

Stratovolcanoes are the world's most dangerous volcanoes.

I believe supervolcanoes outrank strato-volcanoes. There is a super volcano in Indonesia, which is under Lake Toba on the island of Sumatra. Lake Toba actually fills the caldera of the supervolcano, which is easily seen on a map. Its eruption is believed to be responsible for the genetic bottleneck of human DNA seen by geneticists.

Geologist believe that supervolcanoes are sourced by large deep mantle plumes who's systems can be intact for many many years. Some even postulate they are tied to a meteor/asteroid impact event that occurs on the opposite side of the globe. The event is so traumatic it produces a long-lasting mantle plume, an interior wound, that reveals itself as a later supervolcano opposite to the site of impact. Strato-volcanoes are tied to subduction, which would produce smaller volumes of magma due to their tectonic setting. At least that how they teach it in school.

None the less, I am praying for all those affected by the eruption of Mt. Kelud.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Lake_Toba_location.png

Taken from Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Toba

Lake Toba (Indonesian: Danau Toba) is a lake and supervolcano. The lake is 100 kilometres long, 30 kilometres wide, and up to 505 meters (1,666 ft) deep. Located in the middle of the northern part of the Indonesian island of Sumatra with a surface elevation of about 900 metres (2,953 ft), the lake stretches from 2.88°N 98.52°E to 2.35°N 99.1°E. It is the largest lake in Indonesia and the largest volcanic lake in the world.[1]

Lake Toba is the site of a massive supervolcanic eruption estimated at VEI 8 that occurred 69,000 to 77,000 years ago,[2][3][4] representing a climate-changing event. It is the largest known explosive eruption on Earth in the last 25 million years. According to the Toba catastrophe theory, it had global consequences for human populations: it killed most humans living at that time and is believed to have created a population bottleneck in central east Africa and India, which affects the genetic make up of the human world-wide population to the present.[5]

[Bob]

If any supervolcano erupts I think the world will certainly know about it.

The strato-volcanoes though currently erupting worldwide, especially in the Ring of Fire certainly because of their proximity to population are in-fact the more dangerous - from life which has been lost in recent times. That is the point about them being the most dangerous - people are living on them and there have been recent events, dramatically killing thousands, especially in Indonesia.

People insist on living on or near such volcanoes, and apparently don't realize the danger. Look at Vesuvius in Italy. People everywhere, farms, businesses..

These Stratovolcanoes periodically light up. I haven't seen any supervolcano TG light up with as much regularity as the stratovolcanoes.. That's the point, what is dangerous now, because such is being ignored, and the frequently erupting patterns.

Post 5 above has some good references about some of the bigger eruptions and some time tables. (and I did point out Lake Toba's event - life in Africa would not have known about an Indonesian event, just that something strange caused the sky to darken during the day and there would have been a temperature reduction, odd weather..)

As you are mentioning the dangers of a super-volcano, no question, take Yellowstone Park in Wyoming/Montana/Idaho - that supervolcano should it light up fully would take out or create an extinction event.. There are threads on this Forum about Yellowstone.

No matter, volcanoes are something to be watched and understood as well as what drives them. There is no ignorance is bliss possible with these systems as shown.

b.

[seeker/reader]

If any supervolcano erupts I think the world will certainly know about it.

The strato-volcanoes though currently erupting worldwide, especially in the Ring of Fire certainly because of their proximity to population are in-fact the more dangerous from life which has been lost. That is the point about them being the most dangerous - people are living on them and there have been recent events, dramatically killing thousands, especially in Indonesia.

People insist on living on or near such volcanoes, and apparently don't realize the danger. Look at Vesuvius in Italy. People everywhere, farms, businesses..

These Stratovolcanoes periodically light up. I haven't seen any supervolcano TG light up with as much regularity as the stratovolcanoes.. That's the point, what is dangerous now, because such is being ignored, and the frequently erupting patterns.

Post 5 above has some good references about some of the bigger eruptions and some time tables.

As you are mentioning the dangers of a super-volcano, no question, take Yellowstone Park in Wyoming/Montana/Idaho - that supervolcano should it light up fully would take out or create an extinction event..

No matter, volcanoes are something to be watched and understood as well as what drives them. There is no ignorance is bliss possible with these systems as shown.

b.

Agreed completely. Thanks for documenting all that has taken place with this most dangerous event. This is part of why I have always been fascinated by geology. Mother nature is the creator and the destroyer.

[Bob]

What is a StratoVolcano

http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/stratovolc_page.html - "Stratovolcanoes, also known as composite cones, are the most picturesque and the most deadly of the volcano types."

quote from San diego State University, Department of Geology.

This classic stratovolcano shape is exemplified by many well-known stratovolcanoes, such as Mt. Fuji in Japan, Mt. Mayon in the Philippines, and Mt. Agua in Guatemala.

The variability of stratovolcanoes is evident when examining the eruptive history of individual volcanoes. Mt. Fuji and Mt. Etna, for example, are dominanted by basaltic lava flows, whereas Mt. Rainier is dominated by andesitic lava, Mt. St. Helens by andesitic-to-dacitic pyroclastic material, and Mt. Lassen by dacitic lava domes.

Stratovolcanoes typically form at convergent plate margins, where one plate descends beneath an adjacent plate at the site of a subduction zone. Examples of subduction-related stratovolcanoes can be found in many places in the world, but they are particularly abundant along the rim of the Pacific Ocean, a region known as Ring of Fire.

In the Americas, the Ring of Fire includes strato-volcanoes forming the Aleutian islands in Alaska, the crest of the Cascade Mountains in the Pacific Northwest, and the high peaks of the Andes Mountains in South America.


http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Images/Vent_types/mayon_1a_large.gif

http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Images/Vent_types/volschema_usgs.jpg

¤=[Post Update]=¤



If any supervolcano erupts I think the world will certainly know about it.

The strato-volcanoes though currently erupting worldwide, especially in the Ring of Fire certainly because of their proximity to population are in-fact the more dangerous from life which has been lost. That is the point about them being the most dangerous - people are living on them and there have been recent events, dramatically killing thousands, especially in Indonesia.

People insist on living on or near such volcanoes, and apparently don't realize the danger. Look at Vesuvius in Italy. People everywhere, farms, businesses..

These Stratovolcanoes periodically light up. I haven't seen any supervolcano TG light up with as much regularity as the stratovolcanoes.. That's the point, what is dangerous now, because such is being ignored, and the frequently erupting patterns.

Post 5 above has some good references about some of the bigger eruptions and some time tables.

As you are mentioning the dangers of a super-volcano, no question, take Yellowstone Park in Wyoming/Montana/Idaho - that supervolcano should it light up fully would take out or create an extinction event..

No matter, volcanoes are something to be watched and understood as well as what drives them. There is no ignorance is bliss possible with these systems as shown.

b.

Agreed completely. Thanks for documenting all that has taken place with this most dangerous event. This is part of why I have always been fascinated by geology. Mother nature is the creator and the destroyer.

In one of the Yellowstone super-volcano thread, we talked about a potential way to defuse the magma dome's excess heat.. I wonder though without proper plumbing to deal with the gas build-up, if that needs to be another system that needs to be addressed. I am very much appreciating the significance of the gas buildup and then catastrophic release with extreme devastation..

[Bob]

In talking about the Ring of Fire, and plates moving, subduction zones, and all that.. some discussion could help to understand this a bit better.

http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Images/Diagrams/Vol_eq_plates.gif


http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Images/Diagrams/Vol_eq_plates.gif

Here is our planet's current expression of earthquakes, volcanoes and plates. Granted the resolution isn't adequate to show all possible quakes and zones, but it does illustrate the approximate locations where these events transpire.

"The most volcanically active belt on Earth is known as the Ring of Fire, a region of subduction zone volcanism surrounding the Pacific Ocean. Subduction zone volcanism occurs where two plates are converging on one another. One plate containing oceanic lithosphere descends beneath the adjacent plate, thus consuming the oceanic lithosphere into the earth's mantle. This on-going process is called subduction. As the descending plate bends downward at the surface, it creates a large linear depression called an oceanic trench. These trenches are the deepest topographic features on the earth's surface. The deepest, 11 kilometers below sealevel, is the Mariana trench, which lies along the western margin of the Ring of Fire. " (from the San Diego Dept of Geology website)

Here is another picture of the Ring of Fire


http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Images/Diagrams/ring_l.gif

http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Images/Diagrams/osubduction.gif http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Images/Diagrams/csubduction.gif

The volcanoes produced by subduction zone volcanism are typically stratovolcanoes.

Here is how the heating and melting normally happens:


http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Images/Diagrams/convectcells_s.jpg

Volcanic eruptions above these lithospheric plates are driven by the ascent of magma (molten rock) from deep beneath the surface.

Volcanism is typically widespread along plate boundaries.

In the Indonesian region, we see the convergence of the Eurasian, Indian-Australian, Caroline, and Philippine Sea plates and several minor plates.


http://www.drs.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/eqtap/report/indonesia/tsunamis_in_indonesia/images/fig1.gif

The convergence between the Indian Ocean and the Eurasian plates is taking place along the Java trench. The rate of plate convergence is approximately about 6 cm/yr.

The Sunda arc, a product of plate convergence between the Indian Ocean and Eurasian plates, extend westward from Sumba passing through Java, Sumatera and the Andaman islands.

The Timor trough is the place of convergence between the continental Australian and the Eurasian plates with rate of plate convergence of about 8 cm/yr.

The seismicity in Indonesia is shown in the map below - again at the locations where the plates are interacting..


http://www.drs.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/eqtap/report/indonesia/tsunamis_in_indonesia/images/fig2.gif

[Bob]

There was mention of different LAVA types - andesitic, basaltic..

Lava refers both to molten rock expelled by a volcano during an eruption and the resulting rock after solidification and cooling.

Basaltic magma (the internal molten rock before it is expelled as lava) is high in iron and magnesium, and is relatively low in aluminium oxides and and silica oxides, that when taken together reduces the degree of polymerization within the melt. Polymerization is the formation of longer stuck together chains of molecules, to form a cohesive bound together paste-like substance.

Andesitic lavas are lower in concentrations of aluminium and silica oxides, and usually tend to be higher in content of magnesium and iron oxides. Intermediate lavas form andesite domes and block lavas, and may occur on steep composite volcanoes, such as in the Andes. (sources wiki)

Andesitic lava tends to be a combination of oceanic and continental crusts.


http://geology.csupomona.edu/drjessey/class/Gsc101/Igrxcomp.gif

This is an example of an Andesite flow on Mt Colima - Located about 125 km (75 miles) south of Guadalajara, and cutting across the Mexican states of Colima and Jalisco the 13,325 ft. Colima (19.5N, 103.5W)


http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Images/Lava/andesite_med.jpg

[seeker/reader]

What is a StratoVolcano

http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/stratovolc_page.html - "Stratovolcanoes, also known as composite cones, are the most picturesque and the most deadly of the volcano types."

quote from San diego State University, Department of Geology.

This classic stratovolcano shape is exemplified by many well-known stratovolcanoes, such as Mt. Fuji in Japan, Mt. Mayon in the Philippines, and Mt. Agua in Guatemala.

The variability of stratovolcanoes is evident when examining the eruptive history of individual volcanoes. Mt. Fuji and Mt. Etna, for example, are dominanted by basaltic lava flows, whereas Mt. Rainier is dominated by andesitic lava, Mt. St. Helens by andesitic-to-dacitic pyroclastic material, and Mt. Lassen by dacitic lava domes.

Stratovolcanoes typically form at convergent plate margins, where one plate descends beneath an adjacent plate at the site of a subduction zone. Examples of subduction-related stratovolcanoes can be found in many places in the world, but they are particularly abundant along the rim of the Pacific Ocean, a region known as Ring of Fire.

In the Americas, the Ring of Fire includes strato-volcanoes forming the Aleutian islands in Alaska, the crest of the Cascade Mountains in the Pacific Northwest, and the high peaks of the Andes Mountains in South America.


http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Images/Vent_types/mayon_1a_large.gif

http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Images/Vent_types/volschema_usgs.jpg

¤=[Post Update]=¤



If any supervolcano erupts I think the world will certainly know about it.

The strato-volcanoes though currently erupting worldwide, especially in the Ring of Fire certainly because of their proximity to population are in-fact the more dangerous from life which has been lost. That is the point about them being the most dangerous - people are living on them and there have been recent events, dramatically killing thousands, especially in Indonesia.

People insist on living on or near such volcanoes, and apparently don't realize the danger. Look at Vesuvius in Italy. People everywhere, farms, businesses..

These Stratovolcanoes periodically light up. I haven't seen any supervolcano TG light up with as much regularity as the stratovolcanoes.. That's the point, what is dangerous now, because such is being ignored, and the frequently erupting patterns.

Post 5 above has some good references about some of the bigger eruptions and some time tables.

As you are mentioning the dangers of a super-volcano, no question, take Yellowstone Park in Wyoming/Montana/Idaho - that supervolcano should it light up fully would take out or create an extinction event..

No matter, volcanoes are something to be watched and understood as well as what drives them. There is no ignorance is bliss possible with these systems as shown.

b.

Agreed completely. Thanks for documenting all that has taken place with this most dangerous event. This is part of why I have always been fascinated by geology. Mother nature is the creator and the destroyer.

In one of the Yellowstone super-volcano thread, we talked about a potential way to defuse the magma dome's excess heat.. I wonder though without proper plumbing to deal with the gas build-up, if that needs to be another system that needs to be addressed. I am very much appreciating the significance of the gas buildup and then catastrophic release with extreme devastation..


The amount of gas a magma can hold is directly related to its chemical composition. The more felsic a magma, the more gas it can hold. Conversely, the more mafic a magma, the less gas it can hold.
The more felsic the magma is, the more viscous the magma becomes, making it more explosive.

[Bob]

[..]


The amount of gas a magma can hold is directly related to its chemical composition. The more felsic a magma, the more gas it can hold. Conversely, the more mafic a magma, the less gas it can hold.
The more gas a magma can hold, the more viscous the magma becomes, making it more explosive.

This is really good data. Is there any way to determine the size of the magma chamber? As I had placed a few pictures of the strato-volcanoes up, it didn't look fantastically large compared to the icelandic volcanoes, or the yellowstone super caldera.. Are you aware of any way to determine these? Seismic shots?

[seeker/reader]

[..]


The amount of gas a magma can hold is directly related to its chemical composition. The more felsic a magma, the more gas it can hold. Conversely, the more mafic a magma, the less gas it can hold.
The more gas a magma can hold, the more viscous the magma becomes, making it more explosive.

This is really good data. Is there any way to determine the size of the magma chamber? As I had placed a few pictures of the strato-volcanoes up, it didn't look fantastically large compared to the icelandic volcanoes, or the yellowstone super caldera.. Are you aware of any way to determine these? Seismic shots?

Oops - I meant to say this...

The amount of gas a magma can hold is directly related to its chemical composition. The more felsic a magma, the more gas it can hold. Conversely, the more mafic a magma, the less gas it can hold.

The more felsic the magma is, the more viscous the magma becomes, making it more explosive. In the table below SiO2 content is indicative of how felsic a rock is. The higher the SiO2 the more felsic the rock. Rhyolites have the higher SiO2 content relative to basalts which have lower SiO2 content.

I am not sure, but I would assume that the viscosity is somewhat related to the size of the magma chamber. Basaltic lavas are very fluid and easily erupt. So the magma chamber is emptied more often, resulting in a need for a smaller magma chamber space. Whereas more felsic lavas are more viscous, lending to fewer eruptions, maybe resulting in more pooling and creating a larger magma chamber. But this is just my guess.

Super volcanoes are another animal and are related to large volumes of magma connected to a mantle plume. Their voluminous nature lends to a naturally large magma chamber.

Summary Table

Magma Type Solidified Rock Chemical Composition Temperature Viscosity Gas Content
Basaltic Basalt 45-55 SiO2 %, high in Fe, Mg, Ca, low in K, Na 1000 - 1200 oC Low Low
Andesitic Andesite 55-65 SiO2 %, intermediate in Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K 800 - 1000 oC Intermediate Intermediate
Rhyolitic Rhyolite 65-75 SiO2 %, low in Fe, Mg, Ca, high in K, Na. 650 - 800 oC High High

http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/Natural_Disasters/volcan&magma.htm

[Bob]

Looks like the red spirit of the wolf comes via the ring of fire. I hope they can evacuate on time, before they get the pulling of the crust volcanic action. Plates will be moving, some slow, some jolting, but move they must, and so must the people to higher ground and with covered openings of the body, even the ears. Microscopic glass and metal particles with dust and ash not to mention the heat.

L.U.P.

I had mentioned the dangers of being caught in a pyroclastic flow from the volcano

This is a dramatic image BBC compiled showing what happened in Pompeii when Vesuvius' pyroclastic flows devastated the communities, as folks sought shelter..


http://static.bbc.co.uk/earthscience/images/ic/640x360/collections/mount_vesuvius.jpg

My point of bringing this image up is that in Indonesia, and other parts of the world (like in Italy under Vesuvius), people insist on staying within the potential death zones from Lahar's and pyroclastic flows. (pyroclastic flow: a dense, destructive mass of very hot ash, lava fragments, and gases ejected explosively from a volcano and typically flowing downslope at great speed.) These can easily be at a temperature of 600 degrees F or higher, and move at speeds up to 100 miles per hour down the side of the volcano.


http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Images/Diagrams/PFDomeCollaps_crop_med.GIF

http://instruct.uwo.ca/earth-sci/240a/F10.jpg

one doesn't outrun these..

[Bob]

Some history of Kelud Volcano, Indonesia


http://citiesonvolcanoes8.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/kelud6.jpg

the above map shows historic locations for local ashfall, pyroclastic flow directions, lava flow, and Lahar (water/rock/mud) flows


http://citiesonvolcanoes8.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/kelud.jpg

There is (was?) a Kelud Volcanic Observatory, near the crater.

General Information
Kelud volcano is an active andesite volcano in East Java.

It has erupted frequently since 1000 A.D. Some of the eruptions have caused casualties.

The largest number of casualties was from the 1586 eruption that caused the deaths of 10,000 people (Kusumadinata, 1979).

Since 1919 fatalities have continued to occur, mostly caused by eruption induced lahars sourced from the crater lake that is located at its summit area.

After the 1919 eruption, the water tunnel was built to drain the crater lake to reduce lahar inundation.

The last smaller eruptions of Kelud volcano were in 1991 and 2007 with no fatalities.


http://citiesonvolcanoes8.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/kelud4.jpg



http://citiesonvolcanoes8.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/kelud5.jpg


At least 8 old lava domes have been found around Kelud volcano, and hese lava domes are assumed to be the past eruption points. The distribution and lineament of lava domes is controlled by the structural geology around the area.

Research conducted during and after the 2007 eruption concluded that up until the middle of 2008 magma still propagated to the surface but at a very low rate (Suantika et al, 2007; Hidayati et al, 2008; Haerani et al, 2009).

This research also predicted that lava extruded by the 2007 eruption is of much less volume than that expected from the averaged production rate and that therefore the 2007 eruption did not fully eject the magma stored under the volcano.

Seismic activity has continued after the 2007 eruption, and began to increase in 2010 (Ishihara et al, 2010).

Kelud Volcano Observatory has been built in Margomulyo village, about 7 km west from the active crater, to monitor the volcanic activity of Kelud volcano.

This observatory is equipped by visual, seismic and deformation instruments.

All monitoring data is also sent real-time directly to the main office in Bandung using satellite and cellular systems.

PATTERN of ACTIVITY prior to the EVENT

Increasing the amount of seismicity observed since January 2014, which is dominated by shallow volcanic earthquake (VB ) and deep volcanic (VA).

Based on the improvement of significant volcanic seismicity, the status of G. Kelud raised from Normal (Level I) to Alert (Level II) on the date of February 2, 2014 .
II. OBSERVATIONS
2.1. V ISUAL
visual monitoring conducted from Post PGA Kelud Margomulyo located in the village, sub-district which is about 7.5 Ngancar km from the summit G. Kelud. Visually monitoring results since January 3, 2014 are as follows:
Dated February 3, 2014 ; sunny-cloudy weather and drizzling rain - heavy, wind calm, the air temperature is 24 0 C, 86% humidity, foggy mountain.
Dated February 4, 2014 ; weather was overcast and drizzling rain - heavy, the wind was blowing toward the Northeast, the air temperature is 24 0 C, 86% humidity, foggy mountain.
Feruari 5th 2014 ; weather overcast, calm winds, air temperature 23 0 C, 72% humidity, foggy mountain.
Dated February 6, 2014 ; weather was sunny, the wind was blowing from the south, the air temperature is 23 0 C, clear mountain-misty.
Dated February 7, 2014 ; sunny-cloudy weather to rain, the wind blowing gently from the South, the air temperature 20-24 0 C, humidity 86%, misty mountains.
Dated February 8, 2014 ; weather was sunny, the wind was from the South, air temperature 21 0 C, 83% humidity, foggy mountain.
Dated February 9, 2014 ; weather was sunny, the wind was blowing gently from the South, the air temperature 20-26 0 C, 86% humidity, clear mountain-misty.
Dated February 10, 2014 (until around 12.00 am) ; weather overcast, the wind blowing from North-Northeast, the air temperature 20-21 0 C, humidity 72-86%, misty mountains.
2.2. Seismicity
seismicity Recordings from the date of February 3, 2014 (Appendix 1) are as follows:
Dated February 3, 2014 ; 73 times Volcanic Shallow Earthquake Earthquake (VB), 12 times Volcanic Earthquake In (VA), 4 times Tectonic Deep Earthquakes (TJ).
Dated February 4, 2014 ; 37 times Volcanic Shallow Earthquake Earthquake (VB), 18 times Volcanic Earthquake In (VA), 9 times Tectonic Deep Earthquakes (TJ).
Dated February 5, 2014 ; 40 times shallow volcanic earthquake (VB), 23 times Volcanic Earthquake In (VA), 6 times Tectonic Deep Earthquakes (TJ).
Dated February 6, 2014 ; 55 times Volcanic Shallow Earthquake Earthquake (VB), 26 times Volcanic Earthquake In (VA), 4 times Tectonic Deep Earthquakes (TJ).
Dated February 7, 2014; 117 times shallow volcanic earthquake (VB), 42 times Volcanic Earthquake In (VA), 2 times a Tectonic Earthquake Local (TL), 11 times Tectonic Deep Earthquakes (TJ).
Dated February 8, 2014; 152 times shallow volcanic earthquake (VB), 90 times Volcanic Earthquake In (VA), 11 times Tectonic Deep Earthquakes (TJ).
Dated February 9, 2014; 157 times shallow volcanic earthquake (VB), 53 times Volcanic Earthquake In (VA), Tectonic Deep Earthquakes 5 times (TJ).
Dated February 10, 2014 (until 12:00 pm); 92 times shallow volcanic earthquake (VB) and 33 times Volcanic Earthquake In (VA).
In the period from February 3 to 10, 2014 (until 12:00 pm), the seismicity is dominated by shallow volcanic earthquake (VB) and the deep volcanic (VA).
Earthquake VB increased since the date of January 15, 2014 with a range of 22-157 events per day, or a daily average of 90 events. VA earthquake observed significantly increased since the date of January 27, 2014 with in the range of 13-90 events per day or an average of 37 events / day.
Volcanic earthquakes energy increased slowly since mid-January 2014 (Appendix 2). Early in February 2014, the rate of increase in the amount of energy associated enlarged Volcanic Earthquake and Volcanic earthquake enlargement.
RSAM ( Real-time Seismic Amplitude Measurement ) began to be calculated continuously from the date of February 5, 2014, and observed an increase in the energy of the date of February 6, 2014, is relatively stable. On February 9, 2014 there was an increase of energy where the amplitude Volcanic earthquakes are relatively enlarged and the number increased (Appendix 3).
Hypocenter calculations Volcanic earthquakes shows the distribution of earthquakes around G. Kelud with a depth of 3 km below the summit (Appendix 4).


http://citiesonvolcanoes8.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/kelud8.jpg

http://www.vsi.esdm.go.id/images/stories/pvmbg/gunungapi/kelud0214_1.jpg
Activity continued to increase as shown above

The volcano camera on Kelut is OFF-LINE since the recent eruption. This is the link should it come back online: http://www.vsi.esdm.go.id/cam_detail.php?id=14

http://www.vsi.esdm.go.id/cam_detail.php?id=14

[Bob]

The eruption of Mt Kelud still has long reaching effects in Java, Indonesia

17 Feb 2014

"This is not over, yet"

http://statik.tempo.co/data/2014/02/17/id_264414/264414_620.jpg


http://statik.tempo.co/data/2014/02/17/id_264414/264414_620.jpg

"TEMPO.CO, Kediri - Mount Kelud in East Java remains in a dangerous condition. According to Gede Suantika, an officer at the Volcanology and Disaster Mitigation Center (PVMBG), Mount Kelud is still classified on high alert status, as yesterday at 12.00 p.m. local time, Mount Kelud was on alert status.

Based on the PVMBG monitoring, Suantika asked residents to refrain from going back to their homes as yet. "PVMBG continues to monitor the volcanic activity of Mount Kelud," he said yesterday afternoon. PVMBG has also retained the danger zone within a 10 kilometers radius from the top of the volcano that has claimed at least four lives."

"Rain is predicted to continuously occur at the areas affected by Mount Kelud eruption. If heavy rain occurs at the peak, it could potentially cause a flood of cold lava or Lahar (down the mountainside and into the communities below).

"Rain will fall in Kediri, Blitar and Malang, areas affected by Kelud," said Ahmad Bisri from the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) in Juanda, Surabaya."

references: http://en.tempo.co/read/news/2014/02/17/055555055/Mount-Kelud-Still-on-Alert-Status

[Bob]

"By Thursday or Friday, it should be AOK"

so says the ministry.

"TEMPO.CO, Jakarta - Chief of Kediri Disaster Management, Masykuri, ensured that the volcanic activity in Mount Kelud is no longer dangerous. If the condition remains stable, the status can improve in four-day time.

Masykuri explained that the Center for Volcanology and Geological Disaster noted a significant drop in volcanic activity. Therefore, he believed that Mount Kelud status will reach (no?) alert status on Thursday or Friday.

Moreover, long-shot camera observation recently captured the image of parking lot at the top of the mountain, mostly covered in stones and gravel. Masykuri added that the erupted gravel has less potential of disrupting agricultural product. However, the volcanic ashes from Kelud "might have a different effect."

ref: http://en.tempo.co/read/news/2014/02/18/055555292/Mt-Keluds-Volcanic-Activity-No-Longer-Dangerous


http://statik.tempo.co/data/2014/02/16/id_264087/264087_620.jpg

President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, accompanied by First Lady Ani Yudhoyono and his entourage boarded the train to visit the victims of the eruption of Mount Kelud. Sunday (16/02).Instagram.com/Anyyudhoyono

[Bob]

This is the layout and spread of the Volcano shown on Google Earth (older pix so it doesn't show the current eruption damage); it shows how close the communities are, and shows the location of the "parking lot", mentioned in the above post, up near the summit/caldera (where the camera was located).

Each of these communities, as circled with the thin white line, were affected and are/were on alert status.


http://chanlo.com/images/kelud-1.jpg

[Bob]

Mount Sangiang in Indonesia, has erupted.

Labuan Bajo blanketed in Mt. Sangiang ash

"The capital of West Manggarai regency in East Nusa Tenggara, Labuan Baju, located near the world-famous Komodo Island, has been blanketed by volcanic ash originating from the explosion of Mt. Sangiang, in Bima, West Nusa Tenggara.

“The ash is sticking to people’s vehicles and houses and has also restricted visibility,” resident Benyamin Jemalu told The Jakarta Post on Friday. He said the ash had seriously disrupted activities. "

Mount Sangiang exploded in Friday afternoon, spewing ash about 3 kilometers into the air. Dozens of local residents were evacuated but no casualties have been reported.

ref: http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/05/31/labuan-bajo-blanketed-mt-sangiang-ash.html


http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2014/05/30/article-0-1E57749700000578-634_964x1007.jpg

[Bob]

Update Saturday, 31 May, 2014 at 09:45 UTC - Mt. Sangiang, in Bima, West Nusa Tenggara VOLCANO - Indonesia Eruption

Pyroclastic flows were produced from this eruption besides large skyward ashplumes.

Eruptions continue at the volcano after Friday's major explosion.

Dense ash plumes rising from the summit crater can be seen on this morning’s satellite images, and a MODIS hot spot is visible on the latest satellite data, suggesting fresh magma continues to arrive at the volcano’s summit crater.


http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-UlpUoDTYAnU/U4lstkF6U7I/AAAAAAAAFHc/w7UBSuMQJ0c/s1600/volcan_Sangeang_Api_30_mai_2014_12.jpg

In the meanwhile, the ash and SO2 plume has drifted and spread over more than 3000 km to the E and SE, covering a vast area that includes parts of northern and eastern Australia. All flights from Darwin airport have been cancelled because of the hazardous ash cloud.

Among other details (i.e. that the height of the plume originally reported by VSI, only 3km) was a large underestimation and is more close to 15-20 km as estimated by VAAC Darwin.

At least 2 pyroclastic flows were produced by partial collapse of the eruption column.

This can be seen on pictures taken during the early stages of the eruption.

At least one of these flows crossed the shore and continued to travel for about 2-3 km above the sea.


http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nc2ZN9OUaRk/U4i6TLqU7DI/AAAAAAAAFFU/Hldt_wmdPBs/s1600/volcan_Sangeang_Api_30_mai_2014_03.JPG

[Bob]

Another Indonesia Volcano active and erupting

http://images.volcanodiscovery.com/uploads/pics/batu_tara_sat.jpg

"Monday, Jun 16, 2014
Batu Tara volcano (Sunda Islands, Indonesia) activity update

Activity at the volcano is relatively intense at the moment.

Several ash plumes rising to 5-7,000 ft (1.5-2.1 km) altitude, originating from stronger-than-normal strombolian explosions, were seen on satellite imagery during the past days.



8V3wvR4N5Zs

http://volcanocafe.files.wordpress.com/2014/05/fig-1-image-by-debbie-arriaga.jpg