A Voice from the Mountains
17th November 2014, 20:20
The Lost Worlds of Ancient America
edited by Frank Joseph (2012)
This book consists of 45 short essays or scholarly articles regarding various anomalous features of the ancient history of the Americas, by various authors.
Ch. 1: California's Buried Altar and Monument to the Great Flood – Frank Joseph
A 3.4 ft. tall, 228 lb. Statue found in California of app. ancient Phoenician origin (the goddess Ashtart), ~2000 years old. Also an ancient engraving of a maze onto a boulder (Hemet Maze Stone) possibly signifying the great deluge.
Ch. 2: Ancient Roman Figurine in New Jersey Waters & Roman Coins Found in Kentucky – Wayne May & Lee Pennington (respectively)
Roman “fertility image” from Roman Egypt ca. 200 AD found by Nelson Jecas off N.J. coast in 2003. Roman coins mostly dating to 337-383 AD, but also from other times & places (ie Phoenicia, Greece, Judea) found along tributaries of the Mississippi & other bodies of water all over the East Coast. Roman swords also found in St. Paul, Minnesota, St. Louis, Missouri, near Nashville on the Cumberland, & near Paducah, Kentucky. Coins found also in Gloucester Co., VA.
Ch. 3: Tennessee's Ancient Hebrew Inscription – Scott Wolter
Microscopic analysis of the Bat Creek Stone. John W. Emmert discovered the stone in a burial mound, along with other artifacts, in 1889. He suspected the inscription was paleo-Cherokee. The assertion that the inscription is ancient Hebrew was first made by Cyrus Gordon in 1971. Gordon translated it as “for Judah” & dated it 70-135 AD based on the script. The stone was not controversial until Gordon's claims, at which point “skeptics” began claiming that the stone was a hoax by Emmert.4
Ch. 4: A Fox's Tale of Ancient Romans in Peru – Frank Joseph
Artifacts evidencing a lunar cult in a South American seafaring people (the Moche) with “were-foxes” mirroring similar cults in Greece & Rome, & also employing the swastika. A Roman shipwreck was found off of Rio de Janeiro, rumors abounded of a lost Roman city in S.A. when the Spanish first arrived, & the Mayan city of Comalcalco was found with bricks stamped with Roman mason marks, & terra-cotta plumbing like in Roman-occupied Israel. It is suggested that the Roman name for South America was Cattigara.
[The website of Spanish journalist and Christopher Columbus researcher Nito Verdera features an article discussing the complications of locating the geographical location that the Romans called Cattigara or Catigara. He mentions 13 separate hypotheses that place Cattigara at different places in Asia, while others have placed it on the South American continent. The confusion traces back to contradictory ancient maps, copied by one scholar from another, centuries apart from each other (ie Ptolemy, Martellus, Behaim, al-Khwarizmi). Mr. Verdera concludes that South America “was better known in Baghdad in 833 than in Florence in 1489,” but what the ancient Romans knew or wrote of it is not clear. <http://www.cristobalcolondeibiza.com/2eng/2eng14.htm>]
Ch. 5: A Controversial Symbol's Original Meaning – John J. White, III
Swastikas have been found in ancient cultures all over the world, from North & South America to Australia, China, & Europe, dating back to at least 10,000 BC, & possibly to 17,000 BC at one site, Mezin, near Kiev. The symbol is described as originally representing the Mother Earth as the equal-legged cross (+), & then also the Father Earth when spirals are added to that cross. The word “swastika” is translated from “EMSL” as “the father [and] the Earth.”
Ch. 6: Thousands of 6th-Century Tablets in Michigan? – David Allen Deal
Beginning in the 1840's, a “prodigious” number of ancient stone tablets were unearthed in Michigan, at least some of which is incorporated as the “Soper-Savage Collection” which is now on display at the Michigan Historical Center. It is estimated that about 3,000 or more of such tablets are in existence. The tablets seem to show a 4th-century, cuneiform-style Hebrew alphabet which details what would later (starting in the 1850's, through the late 1800's) be recognized as Gnostic Coptic Christian mythology probably dating to around the 2nd half of the 200's AD based on similar European texts.
The Michigan tablet script is unique, but also contains often-crude pictographs & has been deciphered as detailing a supreme deity, “YHW,” who had 2 children, one good & one evil, both “messiahs,” who are in mortal combat with each other for the fate of the globe & mankind. OT stories of Adam & Eve, the flood, the Ten Commandments, etc. are also depicted, as well as at least one camel & what appear to be the Egyptian pyramids.
Ch. 7: Canada's Viking “Hammer of Thor” – Frank Joseph
Evidence of the Norse/Vikings in Newfoundland & Quebec that even the Native Americans considered ancient & pre-dating their people, though tribes such as the Micmac show evidence of Scandinavian influences, & genetics.
Ch. 8: Prehistoric Mooring Stones of Florida – Archie Eschborn
Ancient mooring stones & at least monument with carvings (faces) & 2 bored holes, suggesting the coasts of Florida were used for resupplying or etc. for naval expeditions as much as 3,000-5,000 years ago, when half a billion tons of ore was mined in modern-day Michigan by people that native oral tradition describes as “marine men” & being light-skinned. Such mining operations could have been supported by transport down the Mississippi, & then to Florida before departing back to Europe, for example. This period in the past also corresponds to the Bronze Age which was flourishing on the other side of the Earth. [These massive mining operations by a mysterious culture from a past is the subject of the episode “Great Lakes Copper Heist” from the TV series America Unearthed.]
Ch. 9: Ice Mummy of the Andes – Patrick C. Chouinard
Incan mummies reveal Caucasian genetic influences, & the Incas apparently differentiated between a light-skinned aristocratic/royal class, & dark-skinned proletariat.
Ch. 10: Ancient Egyptians Sailed to America for Corn – Wayne May
Ancient Egyptian art depicts New World foods such as corn & pineapples. It is suggested that the Egyptians knew of some place in the Americas & referred to it as the land of “Punt,” which they wrote was a 3-year voyage. Boats of that era have been recreated & proven capable of making a transatlantic voyage.
Ch. 11: A Map of Pre-Columbian America – Lee Pennington
Burrows Cave in SE Illinois was discovered with a trove of ancient artifacts of Roman engravings, Egyptian hieroglyphics, Semitic texts, etc., all carved on stones. One of the stones app. shows a map of the Mississippi River, north to where it branches out into its many tributaries, many of which are also mapped & marked/lined with dots that may represent an average day's journey along the routes shown. The Great Lakes are also shown & the Michigan peninsulas. The waterways depicted appear to be, aside from the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Ohio, Illinois, Black, Wisconsin, Wabash, either the Scioto or Muskingum, the Tennessee, the Kanawha (New) & Monongahela rivers. The St. Lawrence is also shown by the Great Lakes, which are depicted as one body, as they are believed by geologists to have actually been until about 100 BC.
Another map stone in possession of a John White shows 7 panels on the front side with letters/numbers, from 3 to 11 characters per panel, & the characters were app. Borrowed (at least some of them) from ancient Hebrew, Phoenician, Etruscan, Greek & old British scripts. Welsh historians Alan Wilson & Baram Blackett have argued that these languages are all derived from a common ancient tongue they call “Coelbren,” belonging to the Khumry/Cymry, which the Welsh call their ancestors. Other ancient inscriptions on stones have been found in West Virginia (Grave Creek stone), New Mexico (Los Lunas boulder), & Tennessee (Bat Creek stone). All of these inscriptions share letters with the script found in the Burrows Cave. Another stone, called the Brandenburg Stone, & believed by Alan Wilson to be Coelbren script, also shares some characters with these.
[Coelbren, from Coelbren y Beirdd (Welsh for “bard's alphabet,” referring to the druidic order), is an ancient alphabet with characters similar to Etruscan, Pelasgian, some Nordic runes, and other ancient languages, which mainstream British historians today obstinately declare as a forgery by one man despite of references to it in prior centuries by other authors. This effort on the part of the British has long been considered an attack on ancient Welsh history, as the alphabet presents evidence of an ancient civilization or culture that traveled as far abroad from the Mediterranean as North America.]
Ch. 12: Light on the Aagard Lamp – Charles F. Herberger
Small lamps carved into alabaster with quincunx symbols on them [five dots arranged as the number 5 on dice], similar to lamps created in the Old World. Local natives are not known for creating such lamps. The quincunx represents yearly solar movements, the two upper dots forming a line that the Sun traces across the sky on the summer solstice, the bottom 2 representing the winter solstice line similarly, & the middle representing the equinoxes. It is also associated with the loom.
Ch. 13: Minoan Pendant Unearthed in Ohio – Frank Joseph
Bronze pendant of ancient Minoan civilization of the Mediterranean found in fill dirt on a high school football field in Ohio in Oct. 2006, dating probably from 2700-1450 BC. The fill dirt was probably taken from a nearby riverbank. Further evidence of Minoan influence in the Pima natives in Arizona.
Ch. 14: An Ancient Semitic Goddess Leaves Her Mark in New York – Zena Halpern
App. depiction of ancient Menorah associated with both the Jews & the goddess Asherah found on a stone in the Catskill Mtns. in 2000. The menorah with a triangular base was common from ~1200 BC to the destruction of the 2nd temple, though often suppressed as idolatry.
Ch. 15 Great Serpents from Kansas to Scotland – Frank Joseph
Serpent effigy in Ohio aligned with Draco & situated on the outside of a 4-mile-wide impact site created ~4000-5000 years ago by a ~200 ft. object traveling ~45,000 mph. [See the video notes for “Alan Wilson – The Real History of Britain” for information on similar historic events.] Another serpent effigy in Kansas, & a 3rd in Scotland on the shore of Loch Nell. Such sites have only been found in N.A. & Scotland.
Ch. 16: Stone Fangs of the Great Serpent – Ross Hamilton
Regarding the same Ohio serpent effigy mentioned above, the Great Serpent Mound near Locust Grove, a telluric (silica-based) current was discovered there in 1995 by John Burke & Kaj Halberg, & the site also features gravitational & magnetic anomalies, & is struck by lightning at an unusual rate. A stone megalith resembling British menhir dating to 3500-1500 BC was also found there, & the site itself may date to 3000 BC.
Ch. 17: Colossal Earthworks of the Middle West – Frank Joseph
Ohio's Newark earthworks covers over 200 acres, features a 6+ -mile-long parallel wall, & massively wide mounds of earth, at least some of which giving astronomical information on solar & lunar eclipses, positions of Venus, the Pleiades, etc. The site was supposedly built by a “Hopewell Culture” between 200 BC & 400 AD. [Located in Newark and Heath, Ohio, near the geographical center of the state. For more information on the Newark Earthworks see the notes for chapter 20, “Prehistoric Forts or Observatories?” from this same collection of book notes from Lost Worlds of Ancient America.]
Ch. 18: A Templar Tower in Rhode Island – Scott Wolter
A stone tower resembling constructions of the Knights Templar, circa 1128 AD & beyond. The tower has windows & other markers indicating solstices, & Venus alignments.
Ch. 19: Indiana's 12th-Century Welsh Fortress – Rick Osmon
A Dr. Barry Fell in 1968 was directed to an ancient stone inscription at Clifty Falls, at the mouth of the Clifty Creek where it joins the Ohio, which he translated as, “I, Owen ap Zurinch, in the year of our Lord 1170, did bring to this place…,” followed by lists of persons, animals & equipment, app. in Welsh. Natives of the region had traditions of white people formerly inhabiting these lands, with arts of which the Indians knew nothing, until the Indian tribes came together & exterminated them in a series of bloody conflicts around the Ohio River. Welsh artifacts (ie a helmet & chain mail dated 310-379 AD) & app. ancient forts, supposedly forming a line with 1-mile gaps between, have also been found in the region.
[The dating of these Welsh artifacts places them at the end of the period associated with the “Hopewell Culture,” also coinciding with the period in which the Celts were building very similar earthen fortifications in Europe, as described in the notes for the next chapter. See also the notes for this same book for chapters 38 and 43.]
Ch. 20: Prehistoric Forts or Observatories? – Victor Kachur
The Newark Earthworks resembling, along with other N.A. mound & ditch sites, earthworks of the Kelts circa 1 AD called “oppida,” which Julius Caesar also described in [Commentarii de] Bello Gallico, & dating to around the same time.
Ch. 21: Libyans' 3rd-Century Eclipse in Kentucky – David Feldman
An app Libyan stone inscription found in 1994 in Kentucky, near Drip Rock,1 which app commemorates a total solar eclipse witnessed there on April 23, 255 AD.
Ch. 22: A Dragon in Rock Lake – Archie Eschborn
Ancient megaliths, pyramids, etc., partially buried & underwater at Rock Lake, Wisconsin. [See illustration below.]
http://www.science-frontiers.com/sf030/p030-01.gif
[Notice the representation of a scuba diver to the left of the stone structure for a reference to scale.]
Ch. 23: The Walls of Poseidon – William Donato
A case for Atlantis in the Caribbean, where a subduction zone is sucking in an ancient surface of continental rock (granitic), & on June 7, 1692, the Jamaican city of Port Royal & its 3,000 citizens fell into the sea. Local Indians (the Lucayans) believe the Bahamas were once much larger, & the Cherokee & Yuchi of Tennessee both claim to have come from the Atlantic, the Yuchi claiming that two of their “gens” (the Cat & Fish) specifically came from the island Andros. [Andros Island is an island in the Bahamas about equally distant from Florida and Cuba.] The Bahamas also formerly featured geology matching Plato's description of concentric rings, now underwater & covered with coral growth, & also would have featured a massive, deep-water bay, & would have easily supported a seafaring people.
Ch. 24: Bolivia's Antlantean Canals – J.M. Allen
A case for Atlantis in Bolivia based on ancient canals & presence of precious metals.
Ch. 25: American and Japanese Dragons: Related or Coincidence? – Professor Nobuhiro Yoshida
Myths & depictions of a bearded dragon with deer antlers & a long tail, common to both N.A. & Japan. [The N.A. depiction was found on a rock at Piasa, Illinois, above the Mississippi River near present-day Alton, Illinois. It was first recorded by Father Jacques Marquette in 1673, and no longer exists in its original form (though recreations have been made). The Yuchi, Muscogee Creek, Cherokee, Sioux and Alabama tribes of Native Americans, among several others, are known to have had stories of horned dragons. Ningishzida of Sumerian mythology is also depicted as a serpent with horns, and was given the epithet ushumgal, or “great snake,” and may have been the basis for the biblical “serpent” in the Garden of Eden.]
Ch. 26: Ecuador, Point of Contact – Bruce Scofield, Ph.D.
The Guayas River bay on the Pacific Coast of S.A. in modern-day Ecuador shows evidence of being inhabited by successive civilizations dating back to 3000 BC, & of ancient trade relations with Asia and Babylon.
Ch. 27: The Stone Towers of Japan & Easter Island – Professor Nobuhiro Yoshido
Ancient domed stone temples on both Japanese islands & the S.A. continent, dating to a common period & associated with common words & mythic figures.
Ch. 28: Peru's Lost City of the “Cloud People” – Beverley H. Moseley, Jr.
An ancient city once belonging to white-skinned “giants” discovered in the Amazon. [This city was discovered carved into the mountainside in the Jamaica district of Utcubamba Province in the Amazon Jungle of northern Peru, and said to have been built by the Chachapoya, or “Cloud Forest People.”]
Ch. 29: Pennsylvania's Stone Sepulchers – Wayne May
Ancient stone burial mounds, presumably of the Cherokee and/or Delaware [Indians] in SE Pennsylvania.
Ch. 30: The Great Walls of Texas and Iowa – Frank Joseph
Ancient stone walls found in Rockwall, Texas, buried deep underground (first found ~30 ft. deep) run at least 10 miles in length & are sometimes 40 ft. high. The walls share some commonalities with ancient Mid-Eastern cultures, including similar masonry work done by Romans and/or ancient Egyptians, & could be 2000 years old. Similarly ancient masonry found surrounding bodies of water in Iowa, ie Little Wall Lake.
Ch. 31: Prehistoric Aviators of the Andes – Frank Joseph
Evidence of ancient natives of Nazca having the equivalent of hot-air balloons using smoke [instead of helium].
Ch. 32: West Virginia's Ancient Highway to Nowhere – David Cain
An ancient road of crushed mussel shells, clay & stone, 9 ft. wide & 14 inches thick, 12 miles long, from the Monongahela to Marion County, in W. Va.
[This article can be found in multiple places online in its entirety. Simply do a Google search, using quotation marks, for the opening of the article: "When the first explorers and pioneers arrived in the Upper Monongahela Valley of present day West Virginia, they found significant physical evidence that a mysterious, pre-Columbian race of people once inhabited the area."]
Ch. 33: The Incas, More Advanced than Imagined – Dr. Arlan Andrews
The ancient Incas modeling water flow in their provinces using 3D stone models that used mercury to accurately scale down & model physical properties of water. The ancient Chinese did the same.
Ch. 34: Did the Pre-Columbian Americans Master Electricity? – Larry Brian Radka
A “large, non-flaming light in good working order” found at the El Gran Moxo ruins near the sources of the Rio Paraguay in Brazil in 1601. Evidence of similar technology in ancient Jerusalem & Egypt. [Originally written about by Barco Centenera. The quoted words are Lowell Bair's translation of Robert Charroux's words, which continues regarding the lamp, “It was certainly not powered by batteries, but it gave light uninterruptedly and there is reason to believe that the source of the light was chemical and electrical.”]
Ch. 35: The Mystery in the Sphere – Frank Joseph
Some 330 stone spheres found within half a decade of the first, beginning in the mid-1930's. The first was 6.5 ft. in diameter & weighed 16 tons, found buried in the Costa Rican jungle. Some of the largest show only 0.2% irregularity in diameter & may have been used in an ancient, yet advanced system of using piezoelectric properties for earthquake prediction.
Ch. 36: Genetics Rewrites American History Textbooks – Patrick C. Chouinard
Skeletons with Caucasian features on the Californian coast dating to 10,000 BC, also the Kennewick man (~9,000-year-old Caucasian North American) & other evidence of white people in diverse places before they should have been according to modern history.
Ch. 37: Anasazi Chocolate – David Allen Deal
The Anasazi, who were app. also the Huari of Peru, possessing chocolate in 1000-1125 AD New Mexico. [I am not sure what the historical significance of this article is even supposed to have been.]
Ch. 38: Genocide in Ancient Kentucky – William Conner
Shawnees telling representatives of Gov. Dunmore of Virginia in 1773 that the “Can-tuc-kee” lands were not theirs to give permission to settle on, but belonged to the ghosts of white people who once dwelt there but were exterminated by other tribes. [The white people that these Native Americans claimed to have killed were also referred to as the “Allegwi” or “Allegheny,” from which the mountains derive their name. See the notes for chapters 19, 20 and 43, respectively “ Indiana's 12th-Century Welsh Fortress,” “Prehistoric Forts or Observatories?” and “Kelts in Pre-Columbian Ohio,” of this same book.]
Ch. 39: A Giant's Hand in Michigan & A Worldwide Race of Prehistoric Giants – Jay Stuart Wakefield & Patrick C. Chouinard (respectively)
Various accounts & evidences of ancient giants, mostly already noted elsewhere [in these notes].
Ch. 40: Native Americans from Europe and the Near East – Victor Kachur
N.A. “haplogroup X” showing ancient con-nections with western Europeans & some Israelis. [“Haplogroup X” is a mitochondrial DNA haplogroup that is distinguished from more easily-explainable haplogroups by appearing in the genetics of native peoples who are separated by oceans and other vast distances, and who were not supposed to have been related or in contact with one another in ancient times. For other references to haplogroup X, see the notes for “The Micmac and the Picts” in the book notes for [I]Lost Civilizations and Secrets of the Past.]
Ch. 41: Odysseus Sailed to America – Victor Kachur
A case for passages of The Odyssey referring to ancient Greek copper trade in America.2
[Ancient mining operation in northern Michigan have been dated back well beyond the time of the epic poem The Odyssey. Native Americans of more recent history have no recollection of who mined in the region before they arrived. Estimates for the amount of copper removed go over a billion pounds, but it has not been determined where all of this copper went after it was mined. Various theories have been proposed that the metal was carried down the Mississippi River by boat, across the Gulf of Mexico to Florida (see the notes for this same book, chapter 8, on the ancient mooring stones of Florida), and then onto somewhere in the Eastern hemisphere.]
Ch. 42: Earliest Americans and Mayas, Older than Imagined – Fred Rydholm
Evidence of human habitation of present-day Brazil 56,000 years ago using a new “wet oxidation technique” to test charcoal from a camp site. Similar dating in Australia & Siberia.
[At some point in the past, Siberia was apparently not the frozen tundra that it is now, but had what was apparently more akin to tropical or sub-tropical fauna, according to some finds. In recent years it has also experienced warming patterns, and the British paper The Daily Mail reported that November 2013 was the warmest November on record in Siberia since records started being recorded in 1880. In some areas of Siberia, temperatures were above freezing and there was no snow on the ground even in December.]
Ch. 43: Kelts in Pre-Columbian Ohio – Fritz Zimmermann
Evidence that the “Adena” people, aka “Allegwi” or “Allegheny” [these are the people for which the Allegheny Mountains were named], were actually Kelts from Western Europe, settling in the Ohio Valley. They made similar structures, metalwork, & had similar bone structures, ie in the skull. [Compare to the notes for chapters 19, 20 and 38 for this same book.]
Ch. 44: Werewolves in the Ancient Old World and Pre-Columbian America – Frank Joseph
Commonalities in wolf-cults & wolf-related myths & rituals from ancient Egypt, to Rome, to North American cultures. The wolf was app. a war deity to the Egyptians & Romans at least, & its spirit summoned to give warriors strength.
Ch. 45: Who Were the First Americans? – Patrick C. Chouinard
Further mention of the Kennewick man found in the Columbia River in Washington & haplogroup X, & the idea that ancient man reached the Americas not only by the land bridge with Asia, but possibly by a European land/sea bridge or by boat, etc. [During the last ice age, when sea levels were lower and a “land bridge” would have been present linking Asia and North America where the Bering Strait is today, miles-thick glaciation extending from the North Pole down into modern-day New York and the British Isles may have provided another way to travel to America by foot from another continent, possibly explaining many cultural similarities and anomalous historical events implicating peoples from the two continents.]
edited by Frank Joseph (2012)
This book consists of 45 short essays or scholarly articles regarding various anomalous features of the ancient history of the Americas, by various authors.
Ch. 1: California's Buried Altar and Monument to the Great Flood – Frank Joseph
A 3.4 ft. tall, 228 lb. Statue found in California of app. ancient Phoenician origin (the goddess Ashtart), ~2000 years old. Also an ancient engraving of a maze onto a boulder (Hemet Maze Stone) possibly signifying the great deluge.
Ch. 2: Ancient Roman Figurine in New Jersey Waters & Roman Coins Found in Kentucky – Wayne May & Lee Pennington (respectively)
Roman “fertility image” from Roman Egypt ca. 200 AD found by Nelson Jecas off N.J. coast in 2003. Roman coins mostly dating to 337-383 AD, but also from other times & places (ie Phoenicia, Greece, Judea) found along tributaries of the Mississippi & other bodies of water all over the East Coast. Roman swords also found in St. Paul, Minnesota, St. Louis, Missouri, near Nashville on the Cumberland, & near Paducah, Kentucky. Coins found also in Gloucester Co., VA.
Ch. 3: Tennessee's Ancient Hebrew Inscription – Scott Wolter
Microscopic analysis of the Bat Creek Stone. John W. Emmert discovered the stone in a burial mound, along with other artifacts, in 1889. He suspected the inscription was paleo-Cherokee. The assertion that the inscription is ancient Hebrew was first made by Cyrus Gordon in 1971. Gordon translated it as “for Judah” & dated it 70-135 AD based on the script. The stone was not controversial until Gordon's claims, at which point “skeptics” began claiming that the stone was a hoax by Emmert.4
Ch. 4: A Fox's Tale of Ancient Romans in Peru – Frank Joseph
Artifacts evidencing a lunar cult in a South American seafaring people (the Moche) with “were-foxes” mirroring similar cults in Greece & Rome, & also employing the swastika. A Roman shipwreck was found off of Rio de Janeiro, rumors abounded of a lost Roman city in S.A. when the Spanish first arrived, & the Mayan city of Comalcalco was found with bricks stamped with Roman mason marks, & terra-cotta plumbing like in Roman-occupied Israel. It is suggested that the Roman name for South America was Cattigara.
[The website of Spanish journalist and Christopher Columbus researcher Nito Verdera features an article discussing the complications of locating the geographical location that the Romans called Cattigara or Catigara. He mentions 13 separate hypotheses that place Cattigara at different places in Asia, while others have placed it on the South American continent. The confusion traces back to contradictory ancient maps, copied by one scholar from another, centuries apart from each other (ie Ptolemy, Martellus, Behaim, al-Khwarizmi). Mr. Verdera concludes that South America “was better known in Baghdad in 833 than in Florence in 1489,” but what the ancient Romans knew or wrote of it is not clear. <http://www.cristobalcolondeibiza.com/2eng/2eng14.htm>]
Ch. 5: A Controversial Symbol's Original Meaning – John J. White, III
Swastikas have been found in ancient cultures all over the world, from North & South America to Australia, China, & Europe, dating back to at least 10,000 BC, & possibly to 17,000 BC at one site, Mezin, near Kiev. The symbol is described as originally representing the Mother Earth as the equal-legged cross (+), & then also the Father Earth when spirals are added to that cross. The word “swastika” is translated from “EMSL” as “the father [and] the Earth.”
Ch. 6: Thousands of 6th-Century Tablets in Michigan? – David Allen Deal
Beginning in the 1840's, a “prodigious” number of ancient stone tablets were unearthed in Michigan, at least some of which is incorporated as the “Soper-Savage Collection” which is now on display at the Michigan Historical Center. It is estimated that about 3,000 or more of such tablets are in existence. The tablets seem to show a 4th-century, cuneiform-style Hebrew alphabet which details what would later (starting in the 1850's, through the late 1800's) be recognized as Gnostic Coptic Christian mythology probably dating to around the 2nd half of the 200's AD based on similar European texts.
The Michigan tablet script is unique, but also contains often-crude pictographs & has been deciphered as detailing a supreme deity, “YHW,” who had 2 children, one good & one evil, both “messiahs,” who are in mortal combat with each other for the fate of the globe & mankind. OT stories of Adam & Eve, the flood, the Ten Commandments, etc. are also depicted, as well as at least one camel & what appear to be the Egyptian pyramids.
Ch. 7: Canada's Viking “Hammer of Thor” – Frank Joseph
Evidence of the Norse/Vikings in Newfoundland & Quebec that even the Native Americans considered ancient & pre-dating their people, though tribes such as the Micmac show evidence of Scandinavian influences, & genetics.
Ch. 8: Prehistoric Mooring Stones of Florida – Archie Eschborn
Ancient mooring stones & at least monument with carvings (faces) & 2 bored holes, suggesting the coasts of Florida were used for resupplying or etc. for naval expeditions as much as 3,000-5,000 years ago, when half a billion tons of ore was mined in modern-day Michigan by people that native oral tradition describes as “marine men” & being light-skinned. Such mining operations could have been supported by transport down the Mississippi, & then to Florida before departing back to Europe, for example. This period in the past also corresponds to the Bronze Age which was flourishing on the other side of the Earth. [These massive mining operations by a mysterious culture from a past is the subject of the episode “Great Lakes Copper Heist” from the TV series America Unearthed.]
Ch. 9: Ice Mummy of the Andes – Patrick C. Chouinard
Incan mummies reveal Caucasian genetic influences, & the Incas apparently differentiated between a light-skinned aristocratic/royal class, & dark-skinned proletariat.
Ch. 10: Ancient Egyptians Sailed to America for Corn – Wayne May
Ancient Egyptian art depicts New World foods such as corn & pineapples. It is suggested that the Egyptians knew of some place in the Americas & referred to it as the land of “Punt,” which they wrote was a 3-year voyage. Boats of that era have been recreated & proven capable of making a transatlantic voyage.
Ch. 11: A Map of Pre-Columbian America – Lee Pennington
Burrows Cave in SE Illinois was discovered with a trove of ancient artifacts of Roman engravings, Egyptian hieroglyphics, Semitic texts, etc., all carved on stones. One of the stones app. shows a map of the Mississippi River, north to where it branches out into its many tributaries, many of which are also mapped & marked/lined with dots that may represent an average day's journey along the routes shown. The Great Lakes are also shown & the Michigan peninsulas. The waterways depicted appear to be, aside from the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Ohio, Illinois, Black, Wisconsin, Wabash, either the Scioto or Muskingum, the Tennessee, the Kanawha (New) & Monongahela rivers. The St. Lawrence is also shown by the Great Lakes, which are depicted as one body, as they are believed by geologists to have actually been until about 100 BC.
Another map stone in possession of a John White shows 7 panels on the front side with letters/numbers, from 3 to 11 characters per panel, & the characters were app. Borrowed (at least some of them) from ancient Hebrew, Phoenician, Etruscan, Greek & old British scripts. Welsh historians Alan Wilson & Baram Blackett have argued that these languages are all derived from a common ancient tongue they call “Coelbren,” belonging to the Khumry/Cymry, which the Welsh call their ancestors. Other ancient inscriptions on stones have been found in West Virginia (Grave Creek stone), New Mexico (Los Lunas boulder), & Tennessee (Bat Creek stone). All of these inscriptions share letters with the script found in the Burrows Cave. Another stone, called the Brandenburg Stone, & believed by Alan Wilson to be Coelbren script, also shares some characters with these.
[Coelbren, from Coelbren y Beirdd (Welsh for “bard's alphabet,” referring to the druidic order), is an ancient alphabet with characters similar to Etruscan, Pelasgian, some Nordic runes, and other ancient languages, which mainstream British historians today obstinately declare as a forgery by one man despite of references to it in prior centuries by other authors. This effort on the part of the British has long been considered an attack on ancient Welsh history, as the alphabet presents evidence of an ancient civilization or culture that traveled as far abroad from the Mediterranean as North America.]
Ch. 12: Light on the Aagard Lamp – Charles F. Herberger
Small lamps carved into alabaster with quincunx symbols on them [five dots arranged as the number 5 on dice], similar to lamps created in the Old World. Local natives are not known for creating such lamps. The quincunx represents yearly solar movements, the two upper dots forming a line that the Sun traces across the sky on the summer solstice, the bottom 2 representing the winter solstice line similarly, & the middle representing the equinoxes. It is also associated with the loom.
Ch. 13: Minoan Pendant Unearthed in Ohio – Frank Joseph
Bronze pendant of ancient Minoan civilization of the Mediterranean found in fill dirt on a high school football field in Ohio in Oct. 2006, dating probably from 2700-1450 BC. The fill dirt was probably taken from a nearby riverbank. Further evidence of Minoan influence in the Pima natives in Arizona.
Ch. 14: An Ancient Semitic Goddess Leaves Her Mark in New York – Zena Halpern
App. depiction of ancient Menorah associated with both the Jews & the goddess Asherah found on a stone in the Catskill Mtns. in 2000. The menorah with a triangular base was common from ~1200 BC to the destruction of the 2nd temple, though often suppressed as idolatry.
Ch. 15 Great Serpents from Kansas to Scotland – Frank Joseph
Serpent effigy in Ohio aligned with Draco & situated on the outside of a 4-mile-wide impact site created ~4000-5000 years ago by a ~200 ft. object traveling ~45,000 mph. [See the video notes for “Alan Wilson – The Real History of Britain” for information on similar historic events.] Another serpent effigy in Kansas, & a 3rd in Scotland on the shore of Loch Nell. Such sites have only been found in N.A. & Scotland.
Ch. 16: Stone Fangs of the Great Serpent – Ross Hamilton
Regarding the same Ohio serpent effigy mentioned above, the Great Serpent Mound near Locust Grove, a telluric (silica-based) current was discovered there in 1995 by John Burke & Kaj Halberg, & the site also features gravitational & magnetic anomalies, & is struck by lightning at an unusual rate. A stone megalith resembling British menhir dating to 3500-1500 BC was also found there, & the site itself may date to 3000 BC.
Ch. 17: Colossal Earthworks of the Middle West – Frank Joseph
Ohio's Newark earthworks covers over 200 acres, features a 6+ -mile-long parallel wall, & massively wide mounds of earth, at least some of which giving astronomical information on solar & lunar eclipses, positions of Venus, the Pleiades, etc. The site was supposedly built by a “Hopewell Culture” between 200 BC & 400 AD. [Located in Newark and Heath, Ohio, near the geographical center of the state. For more information on the Newark Earthworks see the notes for chapter 20, “Prehistoric Forts or Observatories?” from this same collection of book notes from Lost Worlds of Ancient America.]
Ch. 18: A Templar Tower in Rhode Island – Scott Wolter
A stone tower resembling constructions of the Knights Templar, circa 1128 AD & beyond. The tower has windows & other markers indicating solstices, & Venus alignments.
Ch. 19: Indiana's 12th-Century Welsh Fortress – Rick Osmon
A Dr. Barry Fell in 1968 was directed to an ancient stone inscription at Clifty Falls, at the mouth of the Clifty Creek where it joins the Ohio, which he translated as, “I, Owen ap Zurinch, in the year of our Lord 1170, did bring to this place…,” followed by lists of persons, animals & equipment, app. in Welsh. Natives of the region had traditions of white people formerly inhabiting these lands, with arts of which the Indians knew nothing, until the Indian tribes came together & exterminated them in a series of bloody conflicts around the Ohio River. Welsh artifacts (ie a helmet & chain mail dated 310-379 AD) & app. ancient forts, supposedly forming a line with 1-mile gaps between, have also been found in the region.
[The dating of these Welsh artifacts places them at the end of the period associated with the “Hopewell Culture,” also coinciding with the period in which the Celts were building very similar earthen fortifications in Europe, as described in the notes for the next chapter. See also the notes for this same book for chapters 38 and 43.]
Ch. 20: Prehistoric Forts or Observatories? – Victor Kachur
The Newark Earthworks resembling, along with other N.A. mound & ditch sites, earthworks of the Kelts circa 1 AD called “oppida,” which Julius Caesar also described in [Commentarii de] Bello Gallico, & dating to around the same time.
Ch. 21: Libyans' 3rd-Century Eclipse in Kentucky – David Feldman
An app Libyan stone inscription found in 1994 in Kentucky, near Drip Rock,1 which app commemorates a total solar eclipse witnessed there on April 23, 255 AD.
Ch. 22: A Dragon in Rock Lake – Archie Eschborn
Ancient megaliths, pyramids, etc., partially buried & underwater at Rock Lake, Wisconsin. [See illustration below.]
http://www.science-frontiers.com/sf030/p030-01.gif
[Notice the representation of a scuba diver to the left of the stone structure for a reference to scale.]
Ch. 23: The Walls of Poseidon – William Donato
A case for Atlantis in the Caribbean, where a subduction zone is sucking in an ancient surface of continental rock (granitic), & on June 7, 1692, the Jamaican city of Port Royal & its 3,000 citizens fell into the sea. Local Indians (the Lucayans) believe the Bahamas were once much larger, & the Cherokee & Yuchi of Tennessee both claim to have come from the Atlantic, the Yuchi claiming that two of their “gens” (the Cat & Fish) specifically came from the island Andros. [Andros Island is an island in the Bahamas about equally distant from Florida and Cuba.] The Bahamas also formerly featured geology matching Plato's description of concentric rings, now underwater & covered with coral growth, & also would have featured a massive, deep-water bay, & would have easily supported a seafaring people.
Ch. 24: Bolivia's Antlantean Canals – J.M. Allen
A case for Atlantis in Bolivia based on ancient canals & presence of precious metals.
Ch. 25: American and Japanese Dragons: Related or Coincidence? – Professor Nobuhiro Yoshida
Myths & depictions of a bearded dragon with deer antlers & a long tail, common to both N.A. & Japan. [The N.A. depiction was found on a rock at Piasa, Illinois, above the Mississippi River near present-day Alton, Illinois. It was first recorded by Father Jacques Marquette in 1673, and no longer exists in its original form (though recreations have been made). The Yuchi, Muscogee Creek, Cherokee, Sioux and Alabama tribes of Native Americans, among several others, are known to have had stories of horned dragons. Ningishzida of Sumerian mythology is also depicted as a serpent with horns, and was given the epithet ushumgal, or “great snake,” and may have been the basis for the biblical “serpent” in the Garden of Eden.]
Ch. 26: Ecuador, Point of Contact – Bruce Scofield, Ph.D.
The Guayas River bay on the Pacific Coast of S.A. in modern-day Ecuador shows evidence of being inhabited by successive civilizations dating back to 3000 BC, & of ancient trade relations with Asia and Babylon.
Ch. 27: The Stone Towers of Japan & Easter Island – Professor Nobuhiro Yoshido
Ancient domed stone temples on both Japanese islands & the S.A. continent, dating to a common period & associated with common words & mythic figures.
Ch. 28: Peru's Lost City of the “Cloud People” – Beverley H. Moseley, Jr.
An ancient city once belonging to white-skinned “giants” discovered in the Amazon. [This city was discovered carved into the mountainside in the Jamaica district of Utcubamba Province in the Amazon Jungle of northern Peru, and said to have been built by the Chachapoya, or “Cloud Forest People.”]
Ch. 29: Pennsylvania's Stone Sepulchers – Wayne May
Ancient stone burial mounds, presumably of the Cherokee and/or Delaware [Indians] in SE Pennsylvania.
Ch. 30: The Great Walls of Texas and Iowa – Frank Joseph
Ancient stone walls found in Rockwall, Texas, buried deep underground (first found ~30 ft. deep) run at least 10 miles in length & are sometimes 40 ft. high. The walls share some commonalities with ancient Mid-Eastern cultures, including similar masonry work done by Romans and/or ancient Egyptians, & could be 2000 years old. Similarly ancient masonry found surrounding bodies of water in Iowa, ie Little Wall Lake.
Ch. 31: Prehistoric Aviators of the Andes – Frank Joseph
Evidence of ancient natives of Nazca having the equivalent of hot-air balloons using smoke [instead of helium].
Ch. 32: West Virginia's Ancient Highway to Nowhere – David Cain
An ancient road of crushed mussel shells, clay & stone, 9 ft. wide & 14 inches thick, 12 miles long, from the Monongahela to Marion County, in W. Va.
[This article can be found in multiple places online in its entirety. Simply do a Google search, using quotation marks, for the opening of the article: "When the first explorers and pioneers arrived in the Upper Monongahela Valley of present day West Virginia, they found significant physical evidence that a mysterious, pre-Columbian race of people once inhabited the area."]
Ch. 33: The Incas, More Advanced than Imagined – Dr. Arlan Andrews
The ancient Incas modeling water flow in their provinces using 3D stone models that used mercury to accurately scale down & model physical properties of water. The ancient Chinese did the same.
Ch. 34: Did the Pre-Columbian Americans Master Electricity? – Larry Brian Radka
A “large, non-flaming light in good working order” found at the El Gran Moxo ruins near the sources of the Rio Paraguay in Brazil in 1601. Evidence of similar technology in ancient Jerusalem & Egypt. [Originally written about by Barco Centenera. The quoted words are Lowell Bair's translation of Robert Charroux's words, which continues regarding the lamp, “It was certainly not powered by batteries, but it gave light uninterruptedly and there is reason to believe that the source of the light was chemical and electrical.”]
Ch. 35: The Mystery in the Sphere – Frank Joseph
Some 330 stone spheres found within half a decade of the first, beginning in the mid-1930's. The first was 6.5 ft. in diameter & weighed 16 tons, found buried in the Costa Rican jungle. Some of the largest show only 0.2% irregularity in diameter & may have been used in an ancient, yet advanced system of using piezoelectric properties for earthquake prediction.
Ch. 36: Genetics Rewrites American History Textbooks – Patrick C. Chouinard
Skeletons with Caucasian features on the Californian coast dating to 10,000 BC, also the Kennewick man (~9,000-year-old Caucasian North American) & other evidence of white people in diverse places before they should have been according to modern history.
Ch. 37: Anasazi Chocolate – David Allen Deal
The Anasazi, who were app. also the Huari of Peru, possessing chocolate in 1000-1125 AD New Mexico. [I am not sure what the historical significance of this article is even supposed to have been.]
Ch. 38: Genocide in Ancient Kentucky – William Conner
Shawnees telling representatives of Gov. Dunmore of Virginia in 1773 that the “Can-tuc-kee” lands were not theirs to give permission to settle on, but belonged to the ghosts of white people who once dwelt there but were exterminated by other tribes. [The white people that these Native Americans claimed to have killed were also referred to as the “Allegwi” or “Allegheny,” from which the mountains derive their name. See the notes for chapters 19, 20 and 43, respectively “ Indiana's 12th-Century Welsh Fortress,” “Prehistoric Forts or Observatories?” and “Kelts in Pre-Columbian Ohio,” of this same book.]
Ch. 39: A Giant's Hand in Michigan & A Worldwide Race of Prehistoric Giants – Jay Stuart Wakefield & Patrick C. Chouinard (respectively)
Various accounts & evidences of ancient giants, mostly already noted elsewhere [in these notes].
Ch. 40: Native Americans from Europe and the Near East – Victor Kachur
N.A. “haplogroup X” showing ancient con-nections with western Europeans & some Israelis. [“Haplogroup X” is a mitochondrial DNA haplogroup that is distinguished from more easily-explainable haplogroups by appearing in the genetics of native peoples who are separated by oceans and other vast distances, and who were not supposed to have been related or in contact with one another in ancient times. For other references to haplogroup X, see the notes for “The Micmac and the Picts” in the book notes for [I]Lost Civilizations and Secrets of the Past.]
Ch. 41: Odysseus Sailed to America – Victor Kachur
A case for passages of The Odyssey referring to ancient Greek copper trade in America.2
[Ancient mining operation in northern Michigan have been dated back well beyond the time of the epic poem The Odyssey. Native Americans of more recent history have no recollection of who mined in the region before they arrived. Estimates for the amount of copper removed go over a billion pounds, but it has not been determined where all of this copper went after it was mined. Various theories have been proposed that the metal was carried down the Mississippi River by boat, across the Gulf of Mexico to Florida (see the notes for this same book, chapter 8, on the ancient mooring stones of Florida), and then onto somewhere in the Eastern hemisphere.]
Ch. 42: Earliest Americans and Mayas, Older than Imagined – Fred Rydholm
Evidence of human habitation of present-day Brazil 56,000 years ago using a new “wet oxidation technique” to test charcoal from a camp site. Similar dating in Australia & Siberia.
[At some point in the past, Siberia was apparently not the frozen tundra that it is now, but had what was apparently more akin to tropical or sub-tropical fauna, according to some finds. In recent years it has also experienced warming patterns, and the British paper The Daily Mail reported that November 2013 was the warmest November on record in Siberia since records started being recorded in 1880. In some areas of Siberia, temperatures were above freezing and there was no snow on the ground even in December.]
Ch. 43: Kelts in Pre-Columbian Ohio – Fritz Zimmermann
Evidence that the “Adena” people, aka “Allegwi” or “Allegheny” [these are the people for which the Allegheny Mountains were named], were actually Kelts from Western Europe, settling in the Ohio Valley. They made similar structures, metalwork, & had similar bone structures, ie in the skull. [Compare to the notes for chapters 19, 20 and 38 for this same book.]
Ch. 44: Werewolves in the Ancient Old World and Pre-Columbian America – Frank Joseph
Commonalities in wolf-cults & wolf-related myths & rituals from ancient Egypt, to Rome, to North American cultures. The wolf was app. a war deity to the Egyptians & Romans at least, & its spirit summoned to give warriors strength.
Ch. 45: Who Were the First Americans? – Patrick C. Chouinard
Further mention of the Kennewick man found in the Columbia River in Washington & haplogroup X, & the idea that ancient man reached the Americas not only by the land bridge with Asia, but possibly by a European land/sea bridge or by boat, etc. [During the last ice age, when sea levels were lower and a “land bridge” would have been present linking Asia and North America where the Bering Strait is today, miles-thick glaciation extending from the North Pole down into modern-day New York and the British Isles may have provided another way to travel to America by foot from another continent, possibly explaining many cultural similarities and anomalous historical events implicating peoples from the two continents.]