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Bob
14th June 2015, 16:19
"Everything that’s alive can be made better.. and more useful to humankind, including human cells.

Plants can be made to take out much more carbon out of the atmosphere.

We can make humans that are born without disease that can live much longer.

We can make humans that can interface directly with computers by growing interfaces into the brain."

Did that freak you out or did you find it "fascinating.."


http://cambriangenomics.com/cambrian.jpg

So said Austen Heinz, the founder of the synthetic biology startup Cambrian Genomics..

Cambrian Genomics prints custom DNA sequences, but the company’s founder, Austen Heinz, sees that as just the beginning of what his firm’s technology can achieve. He recently told news outlets that he’d like to see customers be able to create their own creatures.

Heinz said there would need to be some ethical checks to make sure nothing “bad” is created, but that oversight should not come from the government. “We wouldn’t want the industry to be regulated.

"So, ‘How do we democratize creation without killing everyone?’ is basically the question.”

Strangely, Heinz at age 31 recently died (May 24, 2015) after all this was published. Odd? Coincidence or something more sinister?


http://www.the-scientist.com/images/Nutshell/June2015/heinz%20full.jpg Austen Heinz (center)

Heinz “worked to change the world by democratizing access to synthetic DNA through cost-effective, accurate DNA laser printing.”

Heinz, who earned a master’s degree in electrical engineering from Seoul National University in South Korea, began his career in synthetic biology as a member of the Duke iGEM team, a genetic engineering student competition. In 2011, he founded Cambrian Genomics.

“Austen was never afraid to speak his mind and his enthusiasm and dedication to synthetic biology and his company were an inspiration.”

The technique that he founded, 3D Rapid Laser Printing of DNA, allows for billions of DNA patterns to be accurately and rapidly reproduced, at hundreds of times LESS cost than other tedious methods.

General reference: http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/43244/title/Synthetic-Biology-Entrepreneur-Dies/

Cambrian Genomics:
665 3rd Street, Suite 425
San Francisco, CA 94107
Phone
415-347-5529
Email
info@cambriangenomics.com


http://cloudfront-media.reason.com/mc/2013_07/soundbite.jpg?h=244&w=200

The Interview

With [the 3D printing company] MakerBot, you'd print out, say, a plastic dinosaur. With Cambrian, the idea is eventually you'd be able to print out your own little dinosaur that actually walks across the table.

Q: Where are you in that development process now? What do you produce here in this laboratory?

A: Right now we produce DNA for the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world.

Q: Your company has dramatically brought the price point [of creating DNA] down.

A: It's directly related to a phenomenon I think everyone has heard of, which is DNA sequencing. Fifteen years ago, no one got their DNA sequenced because it cost $6 billion. Now that can be done by a machine that can read millions or billions of DNA strands at a time. We simply leveraged sequencing technology to reduce the price of making or writing DNA.

Q: How do you see 3D printing shifting the way science is done in America?

A: Virtualization is going to take off. You'll be able to go from idea to finished product without ever touching anything physical. That's not how things work now. You go to an academic lab, it's miserable. They're spending 90 percent of their time cutting and pasting DNA from different creatures they collect from across the country. We want that to be 95 percent design analysis and 5 percent manual work—if there's any manual work.

Q: How do you feel about the regulatory environment for genetically modified organisms [GMOs] and the biotech space?

A: In the United States, we're pretty open on plants but we're pretty locked down on people. You go to Europe and it's the opposite. In the U.K. they're having three-parent babies. In the near future we're going to have lots of humans walking around Europe who are genetically modified. What's also funny is that many of those people are going to be part of anti-GMO organizations. So you'll have a genetically modified organism protesting the existence of genetically modified organisms.

In time we'll likely need to print out and fix our DNA. The issue with that is, unless you have an identical twin, your DNA is unique. And it's wrong. Everyone will need to be fixed at some point [because] you'll get cancer or some other disease. How do we do that with the current regulatory environment? The [Food and Drug Administration] doesn't approve things one-off. They'll approve a small molecule that you can give to everyone on earth. But everyone's unique and that molecule won't work. It's got to be very specific [to the] individual. Now we have these tools that are very precise. With this machine we can sequence a whole genome in a single run, all of your letters. With the machine in the other room, we can print out all of the letters. That power never existed before. So regulation on the medical side of things is going to need to catch up to that.

Q: What excites you most about this technology?

A: We're getting really close to the point where we can not only know the code of everything that's alive on the planet, but could change it.



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PGyNyQ5IDUM

wnlight
14th June 2015, 16:30
Heinz's concept of ethical checks is flawed. For powerful technologies such as this, there are plenty of unethical people who would/will use this as they please. This flaw has already been proven with the GMO technologies in use today. There will be much good created from DNA printing, but humanity will simply have to learn to live with the freaks of nature that eventually will be created by unethical 'scientists'. Move over, Dr Moreau.

jake gittes
14th June 2015, 17:18
Heinz's concept of ethical checks is flawed. For powerful technologies such as this, there are plenty of unethical people who would/will use this as they please. This flaw has already been proven with the GMO technologies in use today. There will be much good created from DNA printing, but humanity will simply have to learn to live with the freaks of nature that eventually will be created by unethical 'scientists'. Move over, Dr Moreau.

Exactly. A lot of people don't even know how to take proper care of their dog. I don't want those same idiots not feeding their dinosaur. And like you say, the gummint can be trusted even less with technology like this.

Bob
14th June 2015, 18:34
The Laser Scanner -


http://media.npr.org/assets/img/2015/05/07/cambrian-genomics-1x_custom-f42593be8a4ede3d9e68cf4dca2019c2b7a2ffd4-s1500-c85.jpg

Cambrian Genomics says that what it calls a DNA printer is essentially a DNA sorter — it quickly spots and collects the desired, tailored stretch of DNA.

This trend — which uses the term "print" in the sense of making a bunch of copies speedily — is making particular stretches of DNA much cheaper and easier to obtain than ever before.

That excites many scientists who are keen to use these tailored strings of genetic instructions to do all sorts of things, ranging from finding new medical treatments to genetically engineering better crops.

"Many of the figures in the synthetic biology field are not shy at all about embracing that prospect that we're going to use synthetic biology to redesign humanity and to engineer the traits in our children. And that I find extremely disturbing." Marcy Darnovsky, Executive Director, Center for Genetics and Society

"So much good can be done," said Austen Heinz, former CEO of Cambrian Genomics in San Francisco, one of the companies selling these stretches of DNA.

But some of the ways Heinz and others talk about the possible uses of the technology also worries some people who are keeping tabs on the trend.

"I have significant concerns," says Marcy Darnovsky, who directs the Center for Genetics and Society, a genetics watchdog group.

Less Profits, or better quality?

A number of companies have been taking advantage of several recent advances in technology to produce DNA quickly and cheaply. Heinz says his company has made the process even cheaper.



"Everyone else that makes DNA, makes DNA incorrectly and then tries to fix it," Heinz says.

"We don't fix it. We just see what's good, what's bad and then we use the correct pieces."

Being able to insert the two man-made letters into DNA, alongside the usual four-letter alphabet, could teach old cells new tricks and lead to better drugs, researchers say.

The company does that by putting chunks of their DNA on tiny metal beads that emit different colors. That lets a computer scan millions of pieces of DNA to find the right ones.

"So we just take a picture, change a filter, take a picture, change a filter, take a picture, change a filter. And we read the sequences," he says.

It's basically a high-tech version of a spell-checker.

Then Cambrian chooses and "prints" the correct stretch of DNA by firing a computer-controlled laser beam at a glass tray holding millions of these tiny metal beads, each one coated with DNA. The impact of the laser propels the bead carrying the correct DNA into a tray.

"The DNA laser 'printer' is essentially a sorter," he says. It can produce any strand of DNA, made to order, and Heinz can crank out a lot of DNA this way.


"We can make DNA that would be used to make a virus that could target your cancer cells.

And I think it can be helpful for dealing with some of the problems that humans have created. (Heinz)

Marcy Darnovsky, who directs the Center for Genetics and Society, a genetics watchdog group apparently is of the "concerned group"..


"Heinz talks openly about everybody being able to create entirely novel creatures," Darnovsky says. "Is that what we want? Do we want anybody, including potential terrorists, to be able to create entirely novel life forms — new creatures?

Do we want the teenager next door to be creating Godzilla in the bathtub? I don't want that."

She also worries about genetically engineered plants running amok, ruining the environment. And, she says, genetically engineering people would be even worse.

"Many of the figures in the synthetic biology field are not shy at all about embracing that prospect that we're going to use synthetic biology to redesign humanity and to engineer the traits in our children," she says. "And that I find extremely disturbing."

Pro viewpoint -

Rob Carlson, a biotechnology analyst at Seattle-based Biodesic, But "it is not intrinsically more dangerous than other technologies," he adds. "And, in fact, if you wanted to do harm, there are many easier ways to go about causing harm than using synthetic DNA."

Cambrian Genomics and other companies are scaling up their operations to meet what many expect to be a growing demand for synthetic DNA.



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7yscphwaWNs

The HOW -

One of the big challenges with DNA synthesis is error correction during fabrication, fabricating the correct sequence of A, T, G and Cs. This happens because the chemistries are on average 99% efficient.

Cambrian Genomics solves this problem by fabricating billions of strands at once, quickly (and cheaply) optically sequencing them and then selecting the correct DNA sequences using a fast moving laser. The etched DNA can then be injected into a cell.

Build cycle:

1. Microarray DNA synthesis
2. Release DNA
3. Microbeads capture DNA
4. Beads copy DNA
5. Attach beads to glass and read out code for quality control and create a quality sequence
6. Laser printing: use laser to recover the DNA (Laser pulse catapulting). Using a laser you can print up to 100 strands per second


http://www.3ders.org/images/DNA-laser-printer-4.jpg

http://www.3ders.org/images/DNA-laser-printer-5.jpg

http://www.3ders.org/images/DNA-laser-printer-1.jpg



The world's first DNA 3D Laser Printer at work: a Vimeo video link - https://vimeo.com/45676599



An overall view of the optical bench setup of the laser machine:


https://s.yimg.com/lo/api/res/1.2/uokpRhz0CWY4m_YO0oFjDg--/YXBwaWQ9bWFnYXppbmVzO3c9ODAw/https://s.yimg.com/os/en-US/homerun/techrepublic.cbs.com/d1105c3d05543f10816d20b90bacf96b

aranuk
14th June 2015, 23:50
He died recently, what was the cause? Does anyone think it may have been a "suicide" murder? Very suspicious in my mind. he seemed very young at 31 to die of natural causes. Not impossible but he was on the brink of some success wouldn't you think? I couldn't find anything on internet about the cause of death. Strange nevertheless.

Stan

Bob
15th June 2015, 01:15
He died recently, what was the cause? Does anyone think it may have been a "suicide" murder? Very suspicious in my mind. he seemed very young at 31 to die of natural causes. Not impossible but he was on the brink of some success wouldn't you think? I couldn't find anything on internet about the cause of death. Strange nevertheless.

Stan

Strange, Stan, indeed... The twitter tweets said "suicide". His company had just completed a 10,000,000$ funding round too.. And started with new contracts. Do folks get the idea from his video's that he would have taken his own life? The tech as was described works. I looked for the biocad software that he talked about, and yes it indeed is present, and gee.. it works as a design engine..

Wondering, was someone in the group active with maybe, DARPA? Who is in-charge of that amount of funding now? Will projects continue?

Trying to find more data on the obit (up in San Francisco I think) and was not able to.. maybe another could locate more on the new person in charge.

==Post Update==

The Founders:

Sagar Indurkhya, John Mulligan, Lukman Winoto, Anselm Levskaya, George Church, Reese Jones, Austen Heinz - (source crunchbase.com)

George Church - https://crunchbase-production-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/c_thumb,g_face,h_98,w_98/v1397631877/ffed420320e614f5daeceab015ae501e.jpg

Sagar Indurkhya - https://crunchbase-production-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/c_thumb,g_face,h_98,w_98/v1397187465/ee2391911066174e48b9d2abaa228725.jpg

John Mulligan - https://crunchbase-production-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/c_thumb,g_face,h_98,w_98/v1397187464/5070eaafc6be2976ee4cf8e2b941d09a.jpg

Anselm Levskaya - https://crunchbase-production-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/c_thumb,g_face,h_98,w_98/v1397187462/016903e262f38a0d31fe36d82c3e14f5.jpg

Reese Jones - https://crunchbase-production-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/c_thumb,g_face,h_98,w_98/v1397184032/58c0cae829078d6ecb15a3129a441219.jpg


Lukman Winoto - https://crunchbase-production-res.cloudinary.com/image/upload/c_pad,h_98,w_98/v1410586993/ihfunelrclmasfstffz9.jpg
(according to chrunchbase, Lukman Winoto is based out of Berkely - https://cal.berkeley.edu/Lukman.Winotoe


tweets @
twitter: https://twitter.com/hashtag/cambriangenomics

==ALSO==

Looking at John Mulligan's profile on CrunchBase page, there was an update by Austen Heinz, and a NEWS article - http://www.techworld.com.au/article/576605/fbi-calls-new-wiretap-law-covering-social-media/ the article discussing the social media wiretap law modifications..

Reviewing Anselm Levskaya's tweets.. there is a mention of 'suicide', Nov 12, 2014, referring to the un-redacted ORIGINAL suicide letter - reference: https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2014/11/fbis-suicide-letter-dr-martin-luther-king-jr-and-dangers-unchecked-surveillance

--> Letter @ https://www.eff.org/files/2014/11/12/mlkletters.jpg

One could ask seeing that tweet by a Founder, were they discussing conspiracy back in 2014? A well funded startup Gene Company with a revolutionary technique to affect the "status quo" worldwide...