sheme
3rd May 2016, 21:23
http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmselect/cmsctech/221/221.pdf
"28. At the oral evidence session we asked whether weather-changing techniques such as
cloud seeding should be considered to be geoengineering. Mr Virgoe, Dr Blackstock and
Professor Keith were clear that they should not.61 Mr Virgoe considered that “one of the
criteria [...] for geoengineering is that the effect needs to be at a global level, and cloud
seeding is a weather modification technique.”62 Weather modifications such as cloud
seeding which affect the weather for no longer than a season, in our view, do not fall within
the definition of geoengineering. Moreover, these techniques are regulated by international
conventions, ENMOD and UNFCCC. We conclude that weather techniques such as
cloud seeding should not be included within the definition of geoengineering used for
the purposes of activities designed to effect a change in the global climate with the aim
of minimising or reversing anthropogenic climate change."
Poster comment -I see they have conveniently forgotten the Butterfly effect already.
"White roof methods and brightening of human settlements The purpose is to increase the
reflectivity of the built environment by painting roofs, roads and pavements bright reflective
“white”. This would be most effective in sunny regions and during summertime where there might
also be co-benefits through savings in air-conditioning.40
More reflective crop varieties and grasslands Land plants tend to absorb strongly in the
visible photosynthetically active part of the solar spectrum, but are highly reflective in the near
infrared frequencies. However, the albedo of plant canopies can vary significantly between
different plant types and varieties, due to differences in basic leaf spectral properties, morphology
and canopy structure. It may therefore be possible to increase significantly the albedo of vegetated
surfaces through careful choice of crop and grassland species and varieties.41
Cloud Albedo It has been proposed that the Earth could be cooled by whitening clouds over parts
of the ocean.42
Aerosol injection Large volcano eruptions result in the mass injection of sulphate particles—
formed from the emitted sulphur dioxide—into the stratosphere. As these aerosols reflect solar
radiation back to space, or themselves absorb heat, mass eruptions result in a cooling of the lower
atmosphere. The eruption of Mount Tambora in present day Indonesia, for example, was thought
to have produced the “year without a summer” in 1816. In the 1970s, Professor Budyko proposed
that “artificial volcanoes” be geoengineered. That is, that sulphate aerosols be injected into the
stratosphere to mimic the cooling effect caused by these “super-eruptions”.43
Space mirrors Positioning a superfine reflective mesh of aluminium threads in space between the
Earth and the Sun was proposed in 1997 by Dr Lowell Wood and Professor Edward Teller to reduce
the amount of sunlight that reaches the Earth. It has been estimated that a 1% reduction in solar
radiation would require approximately 1.5 million square kilometres of mirrors made of a reflective mesh.
"47 “Termination effect” refers here to the consequences of a sudden halt or failure of the geoengineering system. For
SRM approaches, which aim to offset increases in greenhouse gases by reductions in absorbed solar radiation,
failure could lead to a relatively rapid warming which would be more difficult to adapt to than the climate change
that would have occurred in the absence of geoengineering. SRM methods that produce the largest negative
changes, and which rely on advanced technology, are considered higher risks in this respect.
(I figure this means when the SHTF they go underground and we fry)
"28. At the oral evidence session we asked whether weather-changing techniques such as
cloud seeding should be considered to be geoengineering. Mr Virgoe, Dr Blackstock and
Professor Keith were clear that they should not.61 Mr Virgoe considered that “one of the
criteria [...] for geoengineering is that the effect needs to be at a global level, and cloud
seeding is a weather modification technique.”62 Weather modifications such as cloud
seeding which affect the weather for no longer than a season, in our view, do not fall within
the definition of geoengineering. Moreover, these techniques are regulated by international
conventions, ENMOD and UNFCCC. We conclude that weather techniques such as
cloud seeding should not be included within the definition of geoengineering used for
the purposes of activities designed to effect a change in the global climate with the aim
of minimising or reversing anthropogenic climate change."
Poster comment -I see they have conveniently forgotten the Butterfly effect already.
"White roof methods and brightening of human settlements The purpose is to increase the
reflectivity of the built environment by painting roofs, roads and pavements bright reflective
“white”. This would be most effective in sunny regions and during summertime where there might
also be co-benefits through savings in air-conditioning.40
More reflective crop varieties and grasslands Land plants tend to absorb strongly in the
visible photosynthetically active part of the solar spectrum, but are highly reflective in the near
infrared frequencies. However, the albedo of plant canopies can vary significantly between
different plant types and varieties, due to differences in basic leaf spectral properties, morphology
and canopy structure. It may therefore be possible to increase significantly the albedo of vegetated
surfaces through careful choice of crop and grassland species and varieties.41
Cloud Albedo It has been proposed that the Earth could be cooled by whitening clouds over parts
of the ocean.42
Aerosol injection Large volcano eruptions result in the mass injection of sulphate particles—
formed from the emitted sulphur dioxide—into the stratosphere. As these aerosols reflect solar
radiation back to space, or themselves absorb heat, mass eruptions result in a cooling of the lower
atmosphere. The eruption of Mount Tambora in present day Indonesia, for example, was thought
to have produced the “year without a summer” in 1816. In the 1970s, Professor Budyko proposed
that “artificial volcanoes” be geoengineered. That is, that sulphate aerosols be injected into the
stratosphere to mimic the cooling effect caused by these “super-eruptions”.43
Space mirrors Positioning a superfine reflective mesh of aluminium threads in space between the
Earth and the Sun was proposed in 1997 by Dr Lowell Wood and Professor Edward Teller to reduce
the amount of sunlight that reaches the Earth. It has been estimated that a 1% reduction in solar
radiation would require approximately 1.5 million square kilometres of mirrors made of a reflective mesh.
"47 “Termination effect” refers here to the consequences of a sudden halt or failure of the geoengineering system. For
SRM approaches, which aim to offset increases in greenhouse gases by reductions in absorbed solar radiation,
failure could lead to a relatively rapid warming which would be more difficult to adapt to than the climate change
that would have occurred in the absence of geoengineering. SRM methods that produce the largest negative
changes, and which rely on advanced technology, are considered higher risks in this respect.
(I figure this means when the SHTF they go underground and we fry)