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Thread: Quantum Internet Signals beamed between Drones Kilometers apart

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    Lightbulb Quantum Internet Signals beamed between Drones Kilometers apart

    Quantum Internet Signals beamed between Drones Kilometers apart (No Harmful Microwaves Needed!):



    Drones have been used to send quantum internet signalsHua-Ying Liu et al

    Entangled photons have been sent between two drones hovering a kilometre apart, demonstrating technology that could form the building blocks of a quantum internet.
    When a pair of photons are quantum entangled, you can instantly deduce the state of one by measuring the other, regardless of the distance separating them. This phenomenon, which Albert Einstein dismissively called “spooky action at a distance”, is the basis of quantum encryption – using entangled particles to ensure communications are secret.


    Quantum networks are far more secure than the existing internet because any attempt to eavesdrop changes the state of the photons, alerting the recipient to foul play.

    Entangled photons have been transported more than 1000 kilometres in tests between a satellite and ground stations before, but now Zhenda Xie at Nanjing University in China and his colleagues have shown that links can be made over shorter distances with relatively inexpensive hardware. It is also the first time that photon entanglement has been transmitted from one moving device to another.
    A laser on board one of the 35-kilogram drones created a pair of entangled photons by splitting a single photon with a crystal. One photon was sent directly to a ground station and the other to a second drone a kilometre away via a relay drone.

    Read more: How quantum computing got a boost from an experiment in a cornfield

    Motorised devices on each drone moved to ensure that the receivers and transmitters always lined up, and photons were focused and steered through the relay drone by a short piece of fibre-optic cable. The state of each photon was measured at the ground station and the results proved that the photons remained entangled.
    Xie hopes that connections of over 300 kilometres can be achieved by more advanced drones at high altitude, free of the distorting influence of pollution and weather, and that smaller, more cost-effective drones could be produced for local connections, perhaps even to moving vehicles. All of these devices could link to satellites for global transmission.

    The achievement marks an important step towards a quantum internet, says Siddarth Joshi at the University of Bristol, UK. He agrees that drones could become the final chain in links from one part of the world to another, such as from your local relay station to your home or vehicle. “You’re driving around in your car and you want to maintain secure quantum communications, so you have these drones flying around behind you,” he says.

    Myungshik Kim at Imperial College London believes that engineering such complex optics into moving drones, especially given that small rotational differences can make it extremely difficult to maintain quantum connections, represents a strong technical advance.

    Reference: Physical Review Letters
    Quantum Internet No Microwaves Needed!



    Last edited by ExomatrixTV; 18th January 2021 at 21:34.
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    Lightbulb Re: Quantum Internet Signals beamed between Drones Kilometers apart

    Last edited by ExomatrixTV; 19th July 2021 at 21:13.
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    Lightbulb Re: Quantum Internet Signals beamed between Drones Kilometers apart

    Scientists around the world are working on a quantum internet to communicate by teleportation. But what is the quantum internet, when will it be ready, and who will be using it?
    Last edited by ExomatrixTV; 19th July 2021 at 20:27.
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    Default Re: Quantum Internet Signals beamed between Drones Kilometers apart

    New internet woven from ‘spooky’ quantum links could supercharge science and commerce

    A beam of ethereal blue laser light enters a specialized crystal. There it turns red, a sign that each photon has split into a pair with lower energies—and a mysterious connection. The particles are now quantum mechanically “entangled,” linked like identical twins who know each other’s thoughts despite living in distant cities. The photons zip through a tangle of fibers, then ever so gently deposit the information they encode into waiting clouds of atoms.

    The transmogrifications are “a little bit like magic,” exults Eden Figueroa, a physicist at Stony Brook University. He and colleagues have concocted the setup on a few laboratory benches cluttered with lenses and mirrors. But they have a much bigger canvas in mind.


    By year’s end, drivers in the largest U.S. metro areas—including, largely thanks to Figueroa, the suburbs of New York City—may unwittingly rumble over the tenuous strands of a new and potentially revolutionary network: a “quantum internet” stitched together by entangled photons like those in Figueroa’s lab.


    Billions of dollars have poured into research on quantum computers and sensors, but many experts say the devices will flourish only when they are yoked to each other over long distances. The vision parallels the way the web vaulted the personal computer from a glorified typewriter and game console to an indispensable telecommunications portal. Through entanglement, a strange quantum mechanical property once derided by Albert Einstein as a “spooky distant effect,” researchers aim to create intimate, instantaneous links across long distances. A quantum internet could weld telescopes into arrays with ultrahigh resolution, precisely synchronize clocks, yield hypersecure communication networks for finance and elections, and make it possible to do quantum computing from anywhere. It could also lead to applications nobody’s yet dreamed of.
    Putting these fragile links into the warm, buzzing world will not be easy, however. Most strands that exist today can send entangled photons to receivers just tens of kilometers apart. And the quantum links are fleeting, destroyed as the photons are received and measured. Researchers dream of sustaining entanglement indefinitely, using streams of photons to weave lasting quantum connections across the globe.
    For that, they will need the quantum equivalent of optical repeaters, the components of today’s telecommunications networks that keep light signals strong across thousands of kilometers of optical fiber. Several teams have already demonstrated key elements of quantum repeaters and say they’re well on their way to building extended networks. “We’ve solved all the scientific problems,” says Mikhail Lukin, a physicist at Harvard University. “I’m extremely optimistic that on the scale of 5 to 10 years … we’ll have continental-scale network prototypes.”
    On the night of 29 October 1969, 2 months after Woodstock and as the Vietnam War raged, Charley Kline, a student at the University of California, Los Angeles, fired off a message to a computer just over 500 kilometers away at the Stanford Research Institute in Menlo Park, California. It was the launch of the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET). From that precarious two-node beginning—Kline’s intended message was “login” but only “lo” made it through before the system crashed—the internet has swelled into today’s globe-encompassing network. About 2 decades ago, physicists began to wonder whether the same infrastructure could shuttle around something more exotic: quantum information.
    It was a heady time: A mathematician named Peter Shor had, in 1994, devised a quantum code that could break a leading encryption algorithm, something classical computers could not do. Shor’s algorithm suggested quantum computers, which exploit the ability of very small or cold objects to simultaneously exist in multiple, “superposed” states, might have a killer application—cracking codes—and ignited a decadeslong effort to build them. Some researchers wondered whether a quantum internet might vastly enhance the power of those machines.
    On the scale of 5 to 10 years … we’ll have continental-scale network prototypes.
    Mikhail Lukin, Harvard University
    But building a quantum computer was daunting enough. Like entanglement, the superposed states essential to its power are fragile, collapsing when measured or otherwise perturbed by the outside world. As the field focused on general-purpose quantum computers, thoughts about linking those computers were mostly banished to a distant future. The quantum internet, Figueroa quips, became “like the hipster version” of quantum computers.
    More recently, with quantum computing starting to become a reality, quantum networking has begun to muscle its way back into the spotlight. To do something useful, a quantum computer will require hundreds of quantum bits, or qubits—still well beyond today’s numbers. But quantum networks can start to prove their worth as soon as a few distant nodes are reliably entangled. “We don’t need many qubits in order to do something interesting,” says Stephanie Wehner, research lead for the quantum internet division at Delft University of Technology (TU Delft).
    The first networks capable of transmitting individual entangled photons have begun to take shape. A 2017 report from China was one of the most spectacular: A quantum satellite named Micius sent entangled particle pairs to ground stations 1200 kilometers apart. The achievement set off alarms in Washington, D.C., that eventually led to the passage of the 2018 National Quantum Initiative Act, signed into law by then-President Donald Trump and intended to spur U.S. quantum technology. The Department of Energy (DOE), which has led efforts to envision a U.S. quantum internet, added to the momentum in April, announcing $25 million for R&D on a quantum internet to link up national labs and universities. “Let’s get our science facilities connected, show that this works, and provide a framework for the rest of the country to hop on and scale it up,” says Chris Fall, who until recently led the DOE Office of Science.
    The Chinese group, led by Jian-Wei Pan, a physicist at the University of Science and Technology of China, has continued to develop its network. According to a January Nature paper, it now spans more than 4600 kilometers, using fibers and nonquantum relays. Shorter quantum links have been demonstrated in other countries.
    Industry and government are starting to use those first links for secure communication through a method called quantum key distribution, often abbreviated QKD. QKD enables two parties to share a secret key by making simultaneous measurements on pairs of entangled photons. The quantum connection keeps the key safe from tampering or eavesdropping, because any intervening measurement would destroy the entanglement; information encrypted with the key then travels through ordinary channels. QKD is used to secure some Swiss elections, and banks have tested it. But many experts question its importance, because simpler encryption techniques are also impervious to known attacks, including Shor’s algorithm. Moreover, QKD does not guarantee security at sending and receiving nodes, which remain vulnerable.
    A full-fledged quantum network aims higher. It wouldn’t just transmit entangled particles; it “distributes entanglement as a resource,” says Neil Zimmerman, a physicist at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, enabling devices to be entangled for long periods, sharing and exploiting quantum information.
    Science might be the first to benefit. One possible use is very long baseline interferometry. The method has already linked radio telescopes around the globe, effectively creating a single, giant dish powerful enough to image a black hole at the center of a distant galaxy. Combining light from far-flung optical telescopes is far more challenging. But physicists have proposed schemes to capture light gathered by the telescopes in quantum memories and use entangled photons to extract and merge its phase information, the key to ultrahigh resolution. Entangling distributed quantum sensors could also lead to more sensitive detector networks for dark matter and gravitational waves.
    More practical applications include ultrasecure elections and hack-proof communication in which the information itself—and not just a secret key for decoding it, as in QKD—is shared between entangled nodes. Entanglement could synchronize atomic clocks and prevent the delays and errors that accumulate as information is sent between them. And it could offer a way to link up quantum computers, increasing their power. Quantum computers of the near future will likely be limited to a few hundred qubits each, but if entangled together, they may be able to tackle more sophisticated computations.
    Making connections

    A quantum internet would be woven together by photons that are entangled, meaning they share a quantum state. But quantum repeaters would be needed to relay the fragile photons between far-flung users.

    <img style="overflow:visible;" width="3733" height="2412"> Alice Photon source Entangled photon pair Entanglement Quantummemory Bob Repeater Satellite Telescope Laboratory Quantumcomputer Quantum computer Investment bank Alice Entanglement swapping Measurementdevices Bob A quantum repeater 1 Generating photon pairsOne popular protocol begins by creating pairs of entangled photons and sending one member of each pair towardmeasurement devices while the others fly toward end users, conventionally called Alice and Bob. 2 Long-range linkThe photons are captured in quantum memories that store their quantum states. Processors correctand prepare the states while preserving the entanglements. A specialized measurement on the middletwo quantum memories then “swaps” the entanglement to link Alice and Bob. Versatile networkA quantum internet could establish intimate and secure connections among widely separatedusers and facilities. It could allow powerful quantum computers to run complicatedalgorithms for remote users while protecting sensitive information, or mergetelescopes and other instruments into ultra–high-resolution networks. Quantum satellitescould supportintercontinentalentanglement.
    Taking this idea further, some also envision an analog of cloud computing: so-called blind quantum computing. The thinking is that the most powerful quantum computers will one day be located at national laboratories, universities, and companies, much as supercomputers are today. Designers of drugs and materials or stock traders might want to run quantum algorithms from distant locations without divulging their programs’ contents. In theory, users could encode the problem on a local device that’s entangled with a remote quantum computer—exploiting the distant computer’s power while leaving it blind to the problem being solved.
    “As a physicist, I think [blind quantum computing] is very beautiful,” says Tracy Northup of the University of Innsbruck.


    Researchers have taken early steps toward fully entangled networks. In 2015, Wehner and colleagues entangled photons with electron spins in nitrogen atoms, encased within two tiny diamonds 1.3 kilometers apart on the TU Delft campus. The photons were then sent to an intermediate station, where they interacted with each other to entangle the diamond nodes. The experiment set a record for the distance of “heralded” entanglement—meaning researchers could confirm and use it—and the link lasted for up to several microseconds.


    More expansive networks, however, will likely require quantum repeaters to copy, correct, amplify, and rebroadcast virtually every signal. And although repeaters are a relatively straightforward technology for the classical internet, a quantum repeater has to elude the “no-cloning” theorem—which holds, essentially, that a quantum state cannot be copied.


    One popular repeater design starts with two identical, entangled photon pairs at separate sources. One photon from each pair flies toward distant end points, which could be quantum computers, sensors, or other repeaters. Let’s call them Alice and Bob, as quantum physicists are wont to do.


    The other halves of each pair zip inward, toward the heart of the repeater. That device must trap the photon that arrives first, coax its information into a quantum memory—perhaps a diamond or atom cloud—correct any errors that have accumulated in transit, and coddle it until the other photon arrives. The repeater then needs to mate the two in a way that entangles their far-flung twins. This process, known as entanglement swapping, creates a link between the distant end points, Alice and Bob. Additional repeaters could daisy-chain Alice to a Carol and Bob to a Dave, ultimately spanning big distances.


    Figueroa traces his drive to build such a device to his 2008 Ph.D. thesis defense at the University of Calgary. After the young Mexican-born physicist described how he entangled atoms with light, a theorist asked what he was going to do with the setup. “At the time—shame on me—I didn’t have an answer. To me, it was a toy I could play with,” Figueroa recalls. “He told me: ‘A quantum repeater is what you’re going to do with it.’”
    Inspired, Figueroa pursued the system at the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics before landing at Stony Brook. He decided early on that commercial quantum repeaters should operate at room temperature—a break from most quantum lab experiments, which are conducted at very cold temperatures to minimize thermal vibrations that could upset fragile quantum states.


    Figueroa is counting on rubidium vapor for one component of a repeater, the quantum memory. Atoms of rubidium, a heavy cousin of the more familiar lithium and sodium, are appealing because their internal quantum states can be set and controlled by light. In Figueroa’s lab, entangled photons from the frequency-splitting crystal enter plastic cells containing 1 trillion or so rubidium atoms each. There, each photon’s information is encoded as a superposition among the atoms, where it lasts for a fraction of a millisecond—pretty good for a quantum experiment.


    Figueroa is still developing the second stage of the repeater: using computer-controlled bursts of laser light to correct errors and sustain the clouds’ quantum states. Additional laser pulses will then send photons carrying entanglement from the memories to measurement devices to entangle the end users.

    Impurity atoms in minuscule diamonds like the one at the heart of this chip can store and relay quantum information.



    Lukin builds quantum repeaters using a different medium: silicon atoms encased in diamonds. Incoming photons can tweak the quantum spin of a silicon electron, creating a potentially stable memory; in a 2020 Nature paper, his team reported catching and storing quantum states for more than one-fifth of a second, far longer than in the rubidium memory. Although the diamonds must be chilled to within a fraction of a degree above absolute zero, Lukin says the fridges needed are fast becoming compact and efficient. “Right now it’s the least of my worries.”


    At TU Delft, Wehner and her colleagues are pushing the diamond approach as well, but with nitrogen atoms instead of silicon. Last month in Science, the team reported entangling three diamonds in the lab, creating a miniature quantum network. First, the researchers used photons to entangle two different diamonds, Alice and Bob. At Bob, the entanglement was transferred from nitrogen to a spin in a carbon nucleus: a long-lived quantum memory. The entanglement process was then repeated between Bob’s nitrogen atom and one in a third diamond, Charlie. A joint measurement on Bob’s nitrogen atom and carbon nucleus then transferred the entanglement to the third leg, Alice to Charlie.


    Although the distances were much shorter and the efficiency lower than real-world quantum networks will require, the controllable swapping of entanglement demonstrated “the working principle of a quantum repeater,” says TU Delft physicist Ronald Hanson, who led the experiment. It is “something that has never been done.”


    Pan’s team has also demonstrated a partial repeater, with atom clouds serving as the quantum memories. But in a study published in 2019 in Nature Photonics, his team demonstrated an early prototype of a radically different scheme: sending such large numbers of entangled photons through parallel fibers that at least one might survive the journey. Although potentially avoiding the need for repeaters, the network would require the ability to entangle at least several hundred photons, Pan says; his current record is 12. Using satellites to generate entanglement, another technology Pan is developing, could also reduce the need for repeaters because photons can survive much longer journeys through space than through fibers.
    A true quantum repeater, most experts agree, remains years away, and may ultimately use technologies common in today’s quantum computers, such as superconductors or trapped ions, rather than diamonds or atom clouds. Such a device will need to capture nearly every photon that hits it and will probably require quantum computers of at least a few hundred qubits to correct and process signals. In a yin-yang sort of way, better quantum computers could boost the quantum internet—which in turn could supercharge quantum computing.
    While physicists labor to perfect repeaters, they are racing to link sites within single metropolitan areas, for which repeaters are not needed. In a study posted to arXiv in February, Figueroa sent photons from two atom-cloud memories in his lab through 79 kilometers of commercial fibers to Brookhaven National Laboratory, where the photons were merged—a step toward end-to-end entanglement of the type demonstrated by the TU Delft group. By next year, he plans to deploy two of his quantum memories—compacted to the size of a minirefrigerator—midway between his university and the New York City office of his startup company, Qunnect, to see if they boost the odds of photons surviving the journey.
    Embryonic quantum networks are also being built in the Boston, Los Angeles, and Washington, D.C., regions, and two networks will link Argonne National Laboratory and Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Illinois to several Chicago-area universities. TU Delft researchers hope to soon extend their record-long entanglement to a commercial telecommunications facility in The Hague, Netherlands, and other fledgling networks are growing in Europe and Asia.
    The ultimate goal is to use repeaters to link these small networks into an intercontinental internet. But first, researchers face more mundane challenges, including building better photon sources and detectors, minimizing losses at fiber connections, and efficiently converting photons between the native frequency of a particular quantum system—say, an atom cloud or diamond—and the infrared wavelengths that telecom fibers conduct. “Those real-world problems,” Zimmerman says, “may actually be bigger than fiber attenuation.”
    Some doubt the technology will live up to the hype. Entanglement “is a very odd, very special kind of property,” says Kurt Jacobs, a physicist at the Army Research Laboratory. “It doesn’t necessarily lend itself to all kinds of applications.” For clock synchronization, for example, the advantage over classical methods scales only as the square root of the number of entangled devices. A threefold gain requires linking nine clocks—which may be more trouble than it’s worth. “It’s always going to be harder to have a functional quantum network than a classical one,” Jacobs says.
    To such doubts, David Awschalom, a physicist at the University of Chicago who is spearheading one of the Midwest networks, counters, “We’re at the transistor level of quantum technology.” It took a few years after the transistor was invented in 1947 before companies found uses for it in radios, hearing aids, and other devices. Transistors are now etched by the billions into chips in every new computer, smartphone, and car.
    Future generations may look back on this moment the way we look nostalgically at ARPANET, a pure infant version of the internet, its vast potential yet to be recognized and commercialized. “You can be sure that we haven’t yet thought of some of the most important things this technology will do,” Awschalom says. “It would take extraordinary arrogance to believe you’ve done that.”



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    Default Re: Quantum Internet Signals beamed between Drones Kilometers apart

    08 Jul 2021
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    Lightbulb Re: Quantum Internet Signals beamed between Drones Kilometers apart

    • How Quantum Computing Might Change the World (in 2030)
    You've probably heard of quantum computing, but what is it and will it have a real world impact?



    Quantum physics has already impacted our lives significantly. The inventions of the laser and the transistor are in fact a consequence of quantum theory – and since both these components are a basic building block of every electronic device around today, what you are witnessing is basically, “quantum mechanics in action”.

    Having said that, the quantum industry is now set to revolutionize the computing world as substantial efforts are being made to harness the true power from the quantum realm. Quantum computing could find applications in diverse sectors such as security, healthcare, energy and even the entertainment industry.
    • Quantum vs. Classical Computers
    The history of quantum theory dates back over a century. However, the current quantum buzz is due to recent research findings that suggests, uncertainty, an inherent property of quantum particles, can serve as a powerful weapon to realize the quantum potential.

    As the theory states, it’s seemingly impossible to know each and every property of individual quantum particles (i.e. electrons or photons). Consider an example of a classical GPS, where it can precisely predict the speed, location and direction of your movement for you while you get to your desired destination.

    However, a quantum GPS cannot precisely determine all the above properties for a quantum particle as the laws of quantum physics do not allow you to do so. This gives rise to a probabilistic language in the quantum world rather than the classical language of certainty.

    In this case, probabilistic language implies assigning probabilities to different properties of quantum particles such as speed, position, and direction of movement that are seemingly difficult to state with certainty. This probabilistic nature of quantum particles gives rise to a possibility that allows anything and everything to happen at any instant of time.

    In light of computing, the binary 0’s and 1’s represented as qubits (quantum bits), possess the property of being a 1 or 0 at any instant in time.

    The above representation leaves a bitter taste in the mouth since in classical machines 0’s and 1’s are linked to switches and circuits turning on and off at different instants. Hence, not knowing their exact state (i.e. on or off) wouldn’t seem sensible in the computing context.

    In a real sense, it could cause calculation errors. However, information processing in the quantum world relies on the concept of quantum uncertainty – wherein “superposition” of 0 and 1 isn’t a bug, but a feature instead. It allows faster data processing and facilitates quicker communication.

    Read More: How Optical Quantum Computers Work

    • At the Cusp of Quantum Computing
    The consequence of the probabilistic property of quantum theory is that the precise copying of quantum information is seemingly impossible. From the security standpoint, this is significant as cybercriminals intending to copy quantum keys to encrypt and send messages would eventually fail, even if they get access to quantum computers.

    It is important to highlight here that such high end encryption (i.e. sophisticated method to convert secret data or keys into a code that prevents unauthorized access) is a result of physics laws and not the mathematically scripted algorithms used today. Mathematical encryptions can be cracked with the aid of powerful computers, however, cracking quantum encryption calls for rewriting the fundamental laws of physics.


    As quantum encryption differs from current encryption techniques, similarly, quantum computers differ from classical ones at a very fundamental level. Consider an analogy of a car and a bullock cart. Here, a car obeys certain laws of physics that gets you to the desired destination in quick time compared to the counterpart. The same philosophy applies for a quantum computer and a classical computer.

    A quantum computer leverages the probabilistic nature of quantum physics to perform computations and process data in a unique way. It can accomplish computing tasks at a much faster pace and also take a leap into traditionally impossible concepts like that of quantum teleportation. This form of data transmission could pave way for the internet of the future i.e. quantum internet.
    • What Could a Quantum Computer Be Used for Today?
    Quantum computers could be useful for R&D organizations, government authorities, and academic institutions as they could help in solving complex problems that current computers find challenging to deal with.

    One significant application could be in drug development, wherein it could seamlessly simulate and analyze chemicals and molecules as the molecules function on the same laws of quantum physics as quantum computers. Further, effective quantum chemistry simulation could be possible as the fastest supercomputers fail to achieve the goal today.


    Also, quantum computers could solve complex optimization problems and assist in fast searching of unsorted data. There are numerous applications in this regard ranging from sorting seemingly dynamic climatic, health or financial data, to optimizing logistics or traffic flow.

    Quantum computers are also good at recognizing patterns in data such as in machine learning problems. Additionally, quantum computers could play a crucial role in developing models to predict the future such as in weather forecasting.
    • Gearing Up for the Quantum Future
    As the race for a quantum future takes the center stage, investors and government bodies are fueling billions of dollars in quantum R&D. A global communication network employing satellite based quantum key distribution has already been implemented, laying down the path for further developments.

    Companies like Google, Amazon, Microsoft, IBM and others are making heavy investments into development of quantum computing resources i.e. hardware and software.

    According to Cosmos, a team of researchers in China built a quantum computer that completed a complex calculation in just over 60 minutes that would have taken at least 8 years or more for a classical computer to complete.

    It is a highlight of the quantum computing developments that have taken place over the last two years. It is believed that the scientific community has finally achieved the elusive “quantum advantage” – where quantum computing is in a position to solve the most sophisticated problem that classical computing could literally take impractical time to fathom.

    The quantum milestone was first achieved by Google in 2019 where they used qubits that used current to perform computations. Later in 2020, Chinese team used photonic qubits to speed up the process. Now in 2021, another Chinese team (led by Jian-Wei Pan at the University of Science and Technology of China in Shanghai) has surpassed Google again.

    In a research paper published on pre-print server ArXiv, the contributing research team revealed their findings for quantum advantage wherein they used superconducting qubits on a quantum processor named as Zuchongzhi that consists of 66 qubits. The team demonstrated that Zuchongzhi was able to manipulate 56 qubits to handle a computational problem that aimed at testing the power of the computers.
    • Embracing the Uncertainty
    The fast paced development in the quantum tech world in the last five years has been quite exciting. According to The Quantum Daily, the quantum industry is expected to have a multibillion-dollar valuation by the end of 2030. Though, there are various practical challenges to overcome before such large scale deployment, yet the future seems bright.

    Fortunately, quantum theory throws light on the brighter side of “unpredictability”. As the theory goes, two qubits can be locked with one another with a probability that each qubit stays undetermined individually, but is in sync with the other when looked at as a unit – implying, either both are 0 or 1.

    This individual unpredictability and combined certainty is called “entanglement” – a handy tool for most quantum computing algorithms today. Hence, by handling uncertainty cautiously, organizations can get in shape to embrace the quantum future.
    Last edited by ExomatrixTV; 19th July 2021 at 20:41.
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    Exclamation Re: Quantum Internet Signals beamed between Drones Kilometers apart

    • The Quantum Internet:

    • Scientists JUST MADE Quantum Internet A Reality!! (June 2021):
    Last edited by ExomatrixTV; 19th July 2021 at 20:46.
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    Lightbulb Re: Quantum Internet Signals beamed between Drones Kilometers apart

    • What Would a Quantum Internet Look Like?:

    • How to build a Quantum Internet:

    • The Internet Is COMPLETELY Changing - Quantum Internet Explained:
    Last edited by ExomatrixTV; 19th July 2021 at 20:58.
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    Exclamation Re: Quantum Internet Signals beamed between Drones Kilometers apart

    • The quantum internet will be untappable, practical and scalable — Demonstration of MDI-QKD:

    • China Created World's Largest Quantum Communication Network:

    • The Quantum Internet Will Change Everything:
    Last edited by ExomatrixTV; 19th July 2021 at 21:03.
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    Default Re: Quantum Internet Signals beamed between Drones Kilometers apart

    • TU Delft (Netherlands) : Untappable Communication becomes practical with New System in Future Quantum Internet:


    Presently secure communication is based on the fact that breaking cryptography is slow using conventional computers. This includes communication between datacentres, inter-governmental communication, or critical infrastructure like banking, energy and airports. Some communication lines require secrecy by law or by the user. Any attacker could be recording these messages and then decrypting them later. Unfortunately, computers are becoming faster, even more so with the impending introduction of quantum computers.
    • Ultimate defense against eavesdropping
    Joshua Slater, team lead of the MDI-QKD project: “Important conventional cryptographic methods rely on, for example, a public and a private key. These two keys are essentially two large numbers that belong together. Their security is based on the fact that the private key is difficult and slow to calculate with knowledge of only the public key. Unfortunately, with the introduction of very powerful computers (such as quantum computers), calculating the private key becomes trivially easy and then encryption can become insecure”

    A solution to eavesdropping—now and in the future—is the use of quantum key distribution (QKD). In quantum communication, eavesdropping on a message disturbs transmission of the quantum key. Slater: “If the quantum signals are disturbed, the users know not to use the generated key for their secure communication line. Once the quantum key is successfully shared with the intended recipient, the rest of the secure communication benefits from ‘forward secrecy’: the assurance that the key distribution cannot be cracked now or in the future.”

    “Unfortunately, current commercially available QKD systems are difficult to scale in a network,” Slater explained. “To solve all these problems, we’ve built a measurement-device independent (MDI) QKD system, in which multiple users can be connected via a central node that operates like a typical telephone switch board operator. Importantly, the central node does not need to be trusted. The entire system is designed such that hacking attacks against the central node cannot break the security of the protocol.”
    • Scalable Quantum Networks
    Slater: “A major advantage of our system over other QKD systems is its scaling to many users. Our MDI-QKD can be used in a star-type physical network. Researchers at QuTech have already previously performed the first proof-of-principle demonstration of MDI-QKD, the first demonstration over deployed fibres, and the first demonstration using cost-effective, off-the-shelf hardware.”

    “A significant achievement that we’re demonstrating here for the first time, is that our quantum signals are transmitted over the same fibre as conventional internet traffic,” said Slater. “Using standard equipment that Cisco supplied and configured with us, we established two multiplexed internet networks between the locations over the same optical fibres. The existence of these two networks do not impact the performance of our quantum system. Essentially, we’ve shown how our systems can coexist, in parallel”

    “This is an important development in guaranteeing the security of internet traffic in the future,” said Babak Fouladi, Chief Digital and Technology Officer and member of the Executive Board at KPN. “I am pleased that we can contribute towards making this insight practical using the network of the Netherlands. Solutions like MDI-QKD should not only protect users today, but also make communication as future-proof as possible.”
    • Demonstration in Delft–Rijswijk–The Hague
    The current system consists of three standard telco racks, each in a different city in the Netherlands. The first ‘user’ connected to the demo setup is code-named Alice and resides in Delft. The second user, called Bob, sits in a KPN building in The Hague. The central node, Charlie, is located in between. Every user is connected to the centre node by a standard optical fibre. Furthermore, the users and the central node are able to communicate over the normal internet, either directly via the (same) optical fibre, or indirectly via any internet connection.

    Finally, the MDI-QKD deployment represents an important step towards a future quantum internet. The network is designed to be upgradable in the future: users like Alice and Bob can upgrade their functionality (with e.g. quantum processors, quantum repeaters, quantum entanglement, quantum memory, quantum computers, whatever), while the central node and the rest of the network remains the same. The network is future-proof and ready to be upgraded for the quantum future.

    “This is a great milestone, and an important foundation for the deployment of a national quantum network infrastructure in the Netherlands. That is one of the main goals of the Netherlands’ National Agenda Quantum Technology, which is being executed by Quantum Delta NL,” said Jesse Robbers, director of Quantum Delta NL—which received €615 million from the Dutch government in April of this year.



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  21. Link to Post #11
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    Default Re: Quantum Internet Signals beamed between Drones Kilometers apart

    ... and this is just the beginning ... the moment more countries have success the faster new improvements will rise globally!
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    Lightbulb Re: Quantum Internet Signals beamed between Drones Kilometers apart

    • Am totally aware for most this is way too technical & complex thus skip their attention to this new rapid development ... but at the same time it is so so much more important than discovery of the "Steam Engine" leading to the "First Industrial Revolution" in the early 1800s.
    cheers,
    John
    Last edited by ExomatrixTV; 25th July 2021 at 15:08.
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