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    Exclamation Is The Netherlands Controlling China and Trying To Takeover The World Economy with ASML

    • Is The Netherlands 🇳🇱 Controlling China and Trying To Takeover The World Economy with ASML ?

    ASML - Advanced Semiconductor Materials Lithography

    This is the town of Veldhoven in The Netherlands. Its a fairly modest town with a population of just 45,500. But what if I told you, that the entire world economy, is based around this town. Because, what is happening here, in Veldhoven, has been catching the attention of the world's superpowers. In fact, something that is happening here, quietly, in the background, just might dramatically change the world for the best of humanity, cause a full on economic collapse, and maybe, just maybe, make an old empire rise once again. This is the Rotte River.

    Around the year 900 AD, a few dozen people lived along this river. However, over the next few hundred years, those few dozen people grew into a village with over 500 people. However, just as the village seemed to be reaching new heights, a massive flood of the river came and wiped out most of the infrastructure of the village. And for 100 years, because of the flooding, this area didn’t recover. But then, the area became an area that would become one of the most important economic projects in history. In the mid 1200’s, the Rotte River had a Dam built along it which helped reclaim a lot of the flooded land that the river destroyed a century earlier.

    Soon after, King William the 4th of Holland officially made the village apart from Holland, and named it "RotterDam" after the river, and the dam which allowed the village to exist. King William then announced a Canal project for Rotterdam, which would allow ships to enter and leave the city fairly easily. And it was this Canal project which would accidentally change the world as we know it today. You see, the Canal in the 1300’s, did help bolster the local economy of Rotterdam but at the time, ship technology, and International trade were pretty limited. So for the time being, this Port and Canal was pretty much only used for trade between nearby countries. But then, a strange thing happened. A race to become the new great empire of the world was underway.

    Spain, Portugal, and Britain all began inventing new ship technologies to expand their empires throughout the world. And over the next several centuries, globalization and colonization became rampant throughout the world. And all of a sudden, the port of Rotterdam, became one of the largest trading Hubs in the world. You see, in the 1600s, as other empires like the British, Spanish, and Portuguese were focused on expanding their empire and seeing how much land they could conquer, the Dutch focused on controlling a few select countries, and creating trading posts, resource exploitations, and forts, rather than large expansive swaths of land. Also during this time, the Netherlands also transitioned their economic policy towards having free markets, property rights for all, and high levels of agricultural and technological investment, therefore The Netherlands became known as the world's first modern economy.

    And because of all these reasons, The Netherlands 🇳🇱 soon became known as the Dutch empire. The Dutch controlled global trade, and dictated which nations were able to have access to key resources like spices, Rye, and luxuries, By 1670, half of all European trade came from Dutch ships, and flowed through the ports of Rotterdam and Amsterdam. Think about that, at the time of some of the largest empires in history, the Netherlands, who had a population of only about 2 million people, dominated world trade. And I know what you are probably asking.

    What happened to this trade empire? Well, it actually never really went anywhere. You see, even after its decolonization of its empire, the Dutch 🇳🇱 quietly have been one of the biggest trading nations in the world. If you were to take a look at the top exporters of goods in the world, you would see something that may catch your eye. The top exporters may seem obvious, as they are China, the United States, Germany, and Japan. Those nations have been the kings of exports for decades, and they all have very large populations. So that makes sense.
    • But who do you think is the next largest exporter of goods (including Food!)?
    Is it an old power like the UK or France? How about a large, populous country like Brazil or India? Maybe it is an upcoming manufacturing powerhouse like Indonesia? Well. As it turns out. The Netherlands, is still one of the top exporters of goods in the world. Despite having a population of only 19 million people today, the Dutch.
    The company, originally named ASM Lithography, is named ASML, as its official name and not an abbreviation [13] and was founded in 1984 as a joint venture between the Dutch 🇳🇱 companies Advanced Semiconductor Materials International (ASMI) and Philips. Nowadays it is a public company. When the company became independent in 1988, it was decided that changing the name was not desirable, and the abbreviation ASML became the official company name. [14]

    In 1997, ASML began studying a shift to using extreme ultraviolet and in 1999 joined a research consortium including Intel, two other U.S. chipmakers, as well as the US Department of Energy. It collaborated with the Belgian Imec and Sematech and turned to Zeiss in Germany for its need of mirrors. [15]

    In 2000, ASML acquired the Silicon Valley Group (SVG), a US lithography equipment manufacturer, in a bid to supply 193 nm scanners to Intel Corp. [16] [17]

    At the end of 2008, ASML experienced a large drop in sales, which led management to cut the workforce by about 1000 worldwide, mostly contract workers [18] and to apply for support from the Dutch 🇳🇱 national unemployment fund to prevent even larger layoffs. [19] Two and a half years later, ASML expected a record-high revenue. [20]

    In July 2012, Intel announced a deal to invest $4.1 billion into ASML in exchange for 15% ownership, in order to speed up the transition from 300 mm to 450 mm wafers and further development of EUV lithography. [21] [22] This deal was without exclusive rights to future ASML products and, as of July 2012, ASML was offering another 10% of the shares to other companies.[23] As part of their EUV strategy, ASML announced the acquisition of DUV and EUV sources manufacturer Cymer in October 2012. [24]

    In November 2013, ASML paused development of 450 mm lithography equipment, citing uncertain timing of chipmaker demand.[25]
    • In 2015, ASML suffered Intellectual Property Theft. A number of employees had been found stealing confidential data from its Silicon Valley software subsidiary that develops software for machine optimization.[26]
    In June 2016, ASML announced their plans to acquire Taiwan-based Hermes Microvision Inc. for about $3.1 billion to add technology for creating smaller and more advanced semiconductors.[27]
    In November 2020, ASML revealed that it had acquired the German optical glassmaking firm Berliner Glas Group in order to meet increasing need for components for its EUV systems. [29]

    In July 2021, Thierry Breton European Commissioner, visited ASML and announced a goal of at least 20% of world production of semiconductors in Europe by 2030, and support via a European Alliance on semiconductors. [10] After reporting earnings in July 2021, the company said they had a near monopoly for machines used by TSMC and Samsung Electronics to make the advanced chips.

    In February 2023, ASML claimed that a former worker in China stole information about the company's technology. This wasn't the first time that ASML was allegedly linked with an intellectual property breach connected to China, and this latest breach came in the midst of the US-China Trade War, which is also called: "Chip War". [30]
    Last edited by ExomatrixTV; 15th March 2023 at 02:08.
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    Default Re: Is The Netherlands Controlling China and Trying To Takeover The World Economy with ASML

    • The Entire World Relies on a Machine Made by ONE Dutch 🇳🇱 Company:

    • China Responds To Potential Broader Ban On Dutch 🇳🇱 ASML's Chip-making Gear:

    • A.N.T.S. - Semiconductors ASML, NVIDIA, TSMC, and Samsung Takeover!

    Last edited by ExomatrixTV; 1st March 2023 at 12:34.
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    Default Re: Is The Netherlands Controlling China and Trying To Takeover The World Economy with ASML

    Quote: "The agreement reached by the United States, Japan and the Netherlands 🇳🇱 on restricting the export of advanced equipment to China.

    One day after the meeting ended, the Dutch 🇳🇱 lithography machine manufacturer ASML issued a rare statement, "As far as we understand, steps have been taken between the governments to reach an agreement that will focus on advanced chip manufacturing technology, and not just advanced photolithography. Engraving tools are limited."

    ASML has always been cautious about its remarks related to China. Even three days ago, ASML CEO Peter Wennink (WEF/Bilderberger) said, "The more pressure you put on China, the more likely they will redouble their efforts to build a lithography machine comparable to ASML. machine. Even though it will take time, eventually they will get there.”

    Overall, ASML CEO Peter Wennink said, export controls would "create a level of disruption that affects efficiency and innovation, and that will ripple through us all."

    Dutch 🇳🇱 Prime Minister Rutte said on the 27th that the new semiconductor export restrictions are a sensitive topic. After a long period of negotiations with the United States, even if there are results, they will not be disclosed to the outside world too much.

    EU Executive Commissioner Breton also directly stated on the 27th that he fully agrees with the strategy of depriving China of the most advanced new films.

    From this point of view, the EU and the Dutch government are indifferent to the appeal of the country's enterprises, and ASML's rare statement heralds the formal implementation of the three-party restriction agreement on China between the United States, Japan and the Netherlands".

    Progress in Chip Tech?

    Some of the research is in semiconductor manufacturing. Huawei has filed for a patent in the highly specialized area of lithography technology used for making advanced chips, according to a disclosure late last year on the China Intellectual Property Administration website.

    “It’s significant in the sense that each individual piece of a complicated technology like EUV [extreme ultraviolet] is not that difficult to sort of make progress on,” Triolo said. “Turning that into a commercial system at scale that can boost commercially is a huge, huge task.”

    Right now, Netherlands-based 🇳🇱 ASML is the only company in the world that can make the extreme ultraviolet lithography machines needed to make advanced chips.

    Not only did it take ASML about 30 years to develop EUV on its own, but the company had the benefit of unrestricted access to thousands of suppliers and international industry groups, Triolo said. “What China really lacks is these international consortia.”

    --o-O-o--


    quote: "Since October, the US kind of made US chipmakers get a license in order to sell advanced calculations and semiconducting equipment to China. So moving forward, the big news now is that they've gotten the Netherlands 🇳🇱 and Japan to join on restricting exports of advanced chipmaking equipment.

    This is a big deal because ASML focuses on the extreme ultraviolet lithography machines-- they're the only company in the world that makes them-- whereas Japan focuses on the deep ultraviolet light lithography machines. And this will hamstring China's initiative to develop their only-- their own semiconductor business domestically, but it won't completely impair it.

    I mean, right now, SMIC, which is the big fab that was developed in 2000 to compete with Taiwan Semiconductor, is producing chips at about 45 nanometers versus Taiwan Semiconductor, though, is producing at 7 nanometers. So I think the big issue that came today is now it's a unified front. It's not just the US unilaterally making these restrictions. It's now the Netherlands and Japan, which are the major suppliers for this advanced machinery". unquote
    Last edited by ExomatrixTV; 1st March 2023 at 12:36.
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    Exclamation Re: Is The Netherlands Controlling China and Trying To Takeover The World Economy with ASML

    • Dutch 🇳🇱 ASML Reduces DUV Overlay Errors To Below 1 Nanometer!
    Balancing precision and productivity, ASML has increased the throughput of its duv machines to 295 wafers per hour, while reaching an overlay error milestone of 1 nanometer in its new Twinscan NXT:2050i. The first fifteen systems have already been shipped.

    ASML continues to improve the overlay in its most advanced immersion scanners. Since the introduction of the NXT:1950i platform in 2010, the overlay error dropped from 3 nanometers to 1.4 nanometers on the NXT:2000i system from two years ago. At the same time, the throughput on these deep UV scanners increased from 175 to 275 wafers per hour.

    'As always in our market, things had to be even better,' says Bart Paarhuis, who presented the most recent overlay results on ASML's latest duv scanner during the High-Tech Systems 2021 online conference. 'Customers asked for additional improvements. The logic manufacturers want better matching between duv and euv layers for their 3 nm node. Our memory customers are asking for a better overlay. And they all want higher productivity.'

    To meet this demand, ASML introduced the NXT:2050i, which features a thermally improved wafer handler, a more accurate wafer stage, a wear-resistant wafer table, an improved light source, a new immersion hat and a 2050 projection lens with reduced overlay errors. The reticle stage now distorts the reticle less during clamping. The people of Veldhoven have also implemented many software improvements.



    This picture illustrates the most important parameters for the precision of lithography scanners. An important task is the imaging of lines and gaps from mask to wafer. Determining parameters are the critical dimension (the width of the line), the pitch (the distance between the lines) and the straightness of each of the lines – shown together in green. The second factor is the horizontal placement error between the layers, the overlay. This strongly influences the quality of a chip. The structures affected by the placement errors are indicated in red. For the development of this new immersion scanner, ASML worked with various teams and suppliers on, among other things, the new wafer handler (with VDL), the wafer stage (VDL and Kyocera), the wafer table (Berliner Glass), the production of the immersion hat (AAE), a new reticle stage (ASML Wilton) and the projection lens (Zeiss). Cymer and the Japanese Gigaphoton supplied a pulse stretcher for the lasers that reduced the influence of the speckle pattern , resulting in fewer rough lines. ASML's software team took care of the required software efforts around measurements, analysis and controls.
    • Pudding
    If we zoom in to the molecular level of a lithographic machine, we see not a rigid structure but a pudding, a coherent whole of elastically moving parts. Lenses, frame, stage, sensors, the wafers: at the nano level everything behaves like rubber. These microscopic dynamics make the error-free production of nanochips increasingly difficult. Printing smaller details is already a challenge; placing billions of tiny parts where they are needed is even more complicated.

    The correct and predictable stacking of about sixty different layers is an absolute prerequisite for a properly functioning chip. This comes together in the concept of overlay: the precision with which a lithographic scanner correctly places billions of structures in a layer on top of the billions of elements of the previous layer. 'If you make an overlay mistake, you have less contact area between the features in the layers. That creates more resistance, and therefore less speed and more energy consumption', explains Paarhuis. The better the overlay, the better the yield and chip performance. Paarhuis: 'Customers are currently splitting layers into multiple exposures, which makes the overlay performance of our machines even more critical.'



    This image shows the results of the dedicated chuck overlay (dco), one of the tests used by ASML to measure overlay performance. Using a special seven-by-seven measurement pattern overlay mask, the scanner prints forty-nine of these marks in the first layer of one exposure field. These marks can be read later using the alignment sensor. This is repeated for the next layer. Using the sensor, the positions in layer 1 and layer 2 are compared and this results in a diagram where the overlay errors are plotted as vectors of the measured locations. The graph shows maximum overlay errors of 0.8 and 0.7 nm for the best dco wafers on the NXT:2050.
    • Relay
    In the past, critical layers were exposed on optical scanners with deep ultraviolet (DUV) laser light. Today, some of these layers are exposed to extreme ultraviolet light (EUV). ASML claims its EUV machines will keep Moore's Law going beyond the next decade . This continued shrinkage puts considerable pressure on overlay requirements.

    In the most advanced factories, the first layers are built up on bare silicon wafers using euv lithography. Then duv immersion scanners get to work, followed by dry duv systems and older generations of machines for the less critical layers.


    As in any relay race, passing the baton is very close. In chip production, the transition from euv to duv in particular requires a lot of attention. 'We have to ensure a perfect overlay between a layer that is exposed on an EUV scanner and a subsequent layer that is exposed on a DuV scanner', says Paarhuis.

    The challenge is to align overlay requirements with customers' continued demand for increased productivity. After all, chip production is a capital-intensive game with high risks and high returns. More wafers per day means more revenue for ASML's customers. The latest NXT:2050i scanners from Veldhoven increase productivity to 295 wafers per hour (from 275 in the NXT:2000i).

    When asked by the public whether it is possible to realize even higher throughput speeds and if so, whether customers are willing to sacrifice accuracy for this, Paarhuis puts forward the balancing act that ASML engineers work on every day: 'Increasing the transit is quite easy. We can turn the knobs for conditioning or the time to take the measurements. That increases throughput, but at the expense of overlay and focus. Customers are not interested in that route. They always want a combination of higher productivity and better performance.'
    • Elevation Map
    Making chips with billions of transistors more precise and productive starts with physics, precise measurements, analysis and advanced control software. Paarhuis gave some examples of improvements and how they were achieved in the new 2050 scanner.

    In physics, temperature is the most difficult parameter to control. In the 2050 scanner, both the reticles (masks with original patterns for each layer) and the wafers (slices of silicon to be patterned) are brought to the correct temperature before entering the scanner and being placed on the reticle stage and wafer stage.



    This picture shows the overlay errors that vary from row to row and field to field. These errors are typically due to the dynamics of the wafer and reticle stages. Both cause vibrations throughout the machine. Increased stiffness and integrated damping in the wafer stage helped to reduce overlay errors on the NXT:2050. Before the machine exposes a wafer, it is measured on one of the two wafer stages. This happens before every exposure, because the wafers undergo all kinds of chemical and mechanical changes between the litho steps. A level sensor creates a complete elevation map, aiming to keep the wafer in focus as the scanner exposes the wafer. The height differences can be up to a thousand nanometers.

    At the measurement position of the wafer stage, an alignment sensor measures the x and y locations of the markers. Not only to measure the wafer position (to correct for substitution and loading errors of the wafer on the wafer table), but also to measure the deformation due to the stress caused by other operations in the fab.
    • A chip is not illuminated in a flash of light, as with a stepper, but in a scanning manner, as with a copier. To do this, the scanner must hold the reticle stage, move the reticle, and clamp and hold the wafer on the wafer stage. 'We do the latter not only to flatten the wafer, but also to keep it at the right temperature and to hold the wafer during movement,' explains Paarhuis. The forces released by these movements are impressive and must be compensated. Small overlay errors caused by these accelerations can be seen as a nanopattern in the exposures: the errors vary from row to row and from field to field. The 2050 system has been improved by increased stiffness and integrated damping in the wafer stage. Couple House:
    Optimal Route

    To control the movements and forces, it is necessary to know exactly the position of each part in the scanner. Central to the system is the metaframe, a very stable frame to hold the lens and grid plates. The grids are the rulers read by the wafer stage encoders to determine position. The reticle stage has an encoder to measure its position relative to the lens. Paarhuis: 'This results in a complete measuring system to measure the position of the reticle via the stiffness of the chuck, the encoders, the stiffness of the lens, the grating plates, the encoder of the wafer stage, the stiffness of the wafer stage and the wafer table and a wafer to tie together.'

    After a wafer enters the scanner, it is clamped onto one of the two wafer tables. Then the alignment of the stage can begin: the measurement to locate the wafer exactly. For this purpose, the position of the alignment markers on the wafer is compared with two alignment markers that have been printed on top of the so-called Paris plate using the alignment sensor. This Paris plate is next to the wafer position. This results in accurate information about the position and shape of the wafer.

    Now the measurement system must accurately position the reticle relative to the wafer. Once the exact position of the wafer relative to the Paris sensor is known, a chuck swap takes place: the wafer trajectory changes its metering position to the exposure position under the lens. On the exposure side, the scanner begins with the alignment of the reticle. Here, the scanner uses seven sensors integrated into the same Paris plate. These seven sensors measure the exposed seven marks from both the top and bottom of each mask. 'With this measurement we can not only measure the position of the reticle in relation to the plate, but also the shape of the mask,' explains Paarhuis. 'Now the scanner knows all the positions and we can start exposing.'

    To reduce overlay errors while improving productivity, ASML needed to significantly increase the number of wafer alignment measurements in a shorter time frame. 'On the NXT:2000 system we were able to measure 28 alignment markers at 275 wafers per hour', says Paarhuis. 'Without extra measures on the measuring side, we ended up with only 20 alignment measurements at 295 wafers per hour.' To do all the checks on time, the 2050 team accelerated the alignment scans and measurement of the wafer height map. 'We made it faster and we were also able to optimize the routing between the markers.'

    As a result, the 2050 system can measure 55 marks at 295 wafers per hour. "This enables a better overlay, because we can determine the shape of the wafer more accurately."
    • Fingerprint
    A few years ago, ASML discovered another contribution to overlay errors. Paarhuis: 'During the analysis of the data we discovered a very typical scan-up-scan-down pattern.' This fingerprint was found to be caused by the duv pellicle and caused a mismatch between euv and duv layers.


    Specific overlay error patterns, caused by duv pellicle deformation. During exposure, the scanner moves the wafer in a zigzag pattern under the lens. Part of the fields is illuminated in an upward direction and part in a downward direction. The fields that were scanned up showed a specific pattern. 'The fields scanned down had the same pattern, but reversed', says Paarhuis.

    These patterns turned out to be the result of the pellicles being deformed during acceleration. Pellicles are very thin foils stretched in a frame on top of the reticle to protect the mask from dust particles. The transparent films can be up to 280 nanometers thin. During the exposures, the reticle in the reticle stage accelerates and the pellicle film deflects due to pressure variations. This refracts the light. The result is a very slight shift of the image. This causes an error that is a function of the foil thickness, the local bending angle of the pellicle, and the refractive index of the foil. 'At the wafer level, this error is typically 0.5 to 1 nanometer, so that is quite large,' says Paarhuis. The solution was a model that allows ASML to reduce pellicle impact. "Based on the trajectory of the reticle stage, we can predict the pellicle bending and use a model to calculate the necessary overlay corrections and apply them during the exposures." This works quite well, says Paarhuis. The model predicts the necessary correction with an error of only 0.1 to 0.2 nanometers. 'That's very beautiful.'



    This drawing shows how the thin pellicle foil (~300 nm thickness) can introduce an overlay error of about 0.5 nm. The result of all these efforts is a machine that reduces the errors in the overlay between duv layers to below a nanometer. In his presentation at High-Tech Systems, Paarhuis showed the results of champion wafers with an overlay error of 0.8 to 0.7 nanometers. 'This was done in tests where we typically expose twelve wafers on the same scanner in three batches. That is well below the spec of one nanometer.'

    For cross matching from euv to duv, the engineering team used six wafers: one layer on the 2050 and one layer on the 3400. ASML's champion data of the NT:2050 versus the NXE:3400 was only 1.2 nanometers.
    Last edited by ExomatrixTV; 1st March 2023 at 12:37.
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    Default Re: Is The Netherlands Controlling China and Trying To Takeover The World Economy with ASML

    Quote Posted by ExomatrixTV (here)
    Quote: "The agreement reached by the United States, Japan and the Netherlands on restricting the export of advanced equipment from China.
    ...
    I think the lady in the video meant to say 'to' instead of 'from'?

    e.g. "restricting the export of advanced equipment from to China"?

    It threw me for a second. I can see it's a faithful transcription from the video though

    Thanks for the thread John, really interesting!

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    Default Re: Is The Netherlands Controlling China and Trying To Takeover The World Economy with ASML

    Quote Posted by Matthew (here)
    Quote Posted by ExomatrixTV (here)
    Quote: "The agreement reached by the United States, Japan and the Netherlands on restricting the export of advanced equipment from China.
    ...
    I think the lady in the video meant to say 'to' instead of 'from'?

    e.g. "restricting the export of advanced equipment from to China"?

    It threw me for a second. I can see it's a faithful transcription from the video though

    Thanks for the thread John, really interesting!
    • I will correct it ... thnx (it was a Google translation from Taiwanese to English).
    --o-O-o--

    ASML is 100% connected to the Bilderbergers, WEF, Agenda2030, Mass Surveillance via 5G & 6G Tech, Weaponized A.I., Extreme Robotics and so much more ... furthermore, I have a surprise video (19 minutes mini-ASML-documentary with new revelations) posted by me here in this Project Avalon Forum Thread very soon!

    Wennink, Peter (NLD), President and CEO, ASML Holding NV mentioned on this official 2022 Bilderberg Meeting list:
    cheers,
    John 🦜🦋🌳
    Last edited by ExomatrixTV; 1st March 2023 at 12:39.
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    Default Re: Is The Netherlands Controlling China and Trying To Takeover The World Economy with ASML

    Quote Posted by ExomatrixTV (here)
    Pudding

    If we zoom in to the molecular level of a lithographic machine, we see not a rigid structure but a pudding, a coherent whole of elastically moving parts. Lenses, frame, stage, sensors, the wafers: at the nano level everything behaves like rubber. These microscopic dynamics make the error-free production of nanochips increasingly difficult. Printing smaller details is already a challenge; placing billions of tiny parts where they are needed is even more complicated.
    'pudding' ... sounds like all this is happening on the very edge/limit of physical reality...

    I won't even pretend to understand properly what's been described in the opening posts on this subject but I've tried to feel out a general understanding of where all this is at... although my brain and intuitive feelers got tired and had to give up in the end part of #4... ...

    It's mind boggling how far all this has got and it's another world really...on the brink of conquering the day to day world that we, the General Public live in.. ...

    This is the very basis of the Dictatorial Technocracy that is positioning itself to control everything and everyone - but maybe they are being too ambitious (says she optimistically...) .. ... because it all sounds a bit rubbery - lol - at that level... maybe hard to keep pinned down and even vulnerable to directed human thought -

    I'm not even sure what I'm going on about haha...my thoughts have gone like treacle pudding .. but I feel this is important to get a basic grasp of... the level they are working on...

    thanks John...

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    Default Re: Is The Netherlands Controlling China and Trying To Takeover The World Economy with ASML

    great info guys...

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    Default Re: Is The Netherlands Controlling China and Trying To Takeover The World Economy with ASML

    Quote Posted by apokalypse (here)
    great info guys...
    I have a surprise video (19 minutes mini-ASML-documentary with new revelations) posted by me here in this Project Avalon Forum Thread very soon!
    • Working a.o. on to correct the English subtitles for this Dutch/English mini-docu.
    cheers,
    John 🦜🦋🌳
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    Default Re: Is The Netherlands Controlling China and Trying To Takeover The World Economy with ASML

    And yet most, if not all, this technology requires cobalt, the mining of which is of great toxicity to the people who mine it. It seems there is a downside to everything, especially where Bilderbergers are concrned.
    See article:
    https://earth.org/cobalt-mining/


    The above short video is also on another PA thread about Multipolar World Order

    My guess is that if proper equipment used and decent wages paid, the cost of all our toys would rise exponentially.

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    Default Re: Is The Netherlands Controlling China and Trying To Takeover The World Economy with ASML

    Quote Posted by Miller (here)
    And yet most, if not all, this technology requires cobalt, the mining of which is of great toxicity to the people who mine it. It seems there is a downside to everything, especially where Bilderbergers are concrned.
    See article:
    https://earth.org/cobalt-mining/


    The above short video is also on another PA thread about Multipolar World Order

    My guess is that if proper equipment used and decent wages paid, the cost of all our toys would rise exponentially.
    • DRC's 'Artisanal' Cobalt Mines Tainted by Lack of Compliance


    In a huge pit in Shabara in south-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, thousands of illegal miners work daily to dig out rocks containing the speckled blue-gold ore, cobalt.

    The country holds over 70 per cent of world supply of this key ingredient in rechargeable batteries, electric cars, and mobile phones.

    It is estimated that some 200,000 people works as informal diggers in country’s cobalt mines in flagrant violation of its laws.
    • Artisanal miners breaking the law
    The mining at Shabara has been carrying on for years in defiance of the site's owner, a subsidiary of mining and commodities giant, Glencore.

    So-called artisanal miners says they can make equivalent of $200 on a good week, which is a small fortune in a country where most live on under $2 a day.

    ‘Here, we’re independent, everyone comes, works independently, goes to sell the ore at the trading centre, and makes money. Compared to other mining areas where I've worked, here I work in order,’ says Antoine Dela wa Monga.

    But the sector’s image is tainted by artisanal mining, with accusations of child labour, dangerous working conditions, and corruption.

    ‘Normally, when you produce and export, you have to pay a fee. But when it is not declared, nothing can be paid on it. Hence the importance of being able to set up procedures that can guarantee traceability from upstream to downstream, to ensure that these flows become compliant,’ says Tosi Mpanu Mpanu, who is working on the formalisation of artisanal cobalt mining.
    • Need to clean up the sector's image
    However, government attempts to clear up the illegal mines are at a near standstill.

    David Sturmes, director of corporate engagement and strategic partnerships at Fair Cobalt Alliances, says the situation is a lose-lose one for all.

    ‘Artisanal mining occurs on industrial concessions, so legally speaking, they are infringing on industrial miners territory. This makes it difficult for industrial miners to engage. The mining code doesn't allow for them to purchase from artisanal miners or allow them on their concessions, but international human rights conventions don't allow them to kick them off either.’

    Under Congolese law, artisanal diggers are only allowed to work in government-designated zones and as part of approved cooperatives. But most diggers say the designated areas are unviable and prefer to work on industrial concessions with identified deposits.

    Despite fluctuations in global prices, analysts say the metal's future is strong given demand from the energy transition.

    Sturmes says this means that mining firms and the illegal diggers share a common interest in cleaning up Congolese cobalt's tainted image.
    • Child Slavery in Africa:


    Images from the Shabara mine and others in the Democratic Republic of Congo show young children mining. They dig for cobalt, the chemical element that is used in almost every tech product on the market today. Apple, Tesla, Samsung and Microsoft are the other end of the complex supply chain. Harrowing images of cobalt mines in Congo where kids dig for $2-a-day
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    Default Re: Is The Netherlands Controlling China and Trying To Takeover The World Economy with ASML

    Quote Posted by Miller (here)
    And yet most, if not all, this technology requires cobalt, the mining of which is of great toxicity to the people who mine it. It seems there is a downside to everything, especially where Bilderbergers are concrned.
    See article:
    https://earth.org/cobalt-mining


    The above short video is also on another PA thread about Multipolar World Order

    My guess is that if proper equipment used and decent wages paid, the cost of all our toys would rise exponentially.
    • Russell Brand & Joe Rogan discussing Cobalt Mines in Congo:

    --o-O-o--
    • ‘Cobalt Red: How the Blood of the Congo Powers Our Lives’ w/ Siddharth Kara:


    From smartphones to electric vehicles, all lithium-ion rechargeable batteries made today require cobalt, a unique mineral that is almost exclusively mined in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Siddharth Kara, author of Cobalt Red: How the Blood of the Congo Powers Our Lives, joins the show to explain the immense toll taken on the people and environment of the Democratic Republic of the Congo by cobalt mining and the numerous layers of multinational supply chains that serve to erode accountability for the absolute exploitation for absolute profit.

    --o-O-o--
    • “Cobalt Red: How the Blood of the Congo Powers Our Lives”: A Book Review

    • Your iPhone, Kindle, and EV: Conrad-level evil inside?
    In Cobalt Red, researcher-activist Siddharth Kara offers searing but credible revelations about cobalt mining practices in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. I live in Alexandria, Virginia, 6,500 miles from the capital of Kinshasa, but in a friendly way, I take his much-needed discoveries very personally.

    People here tend to be pro-green despite or maybe because of the traffic jams and air pollution from gross overdevelopment. At least 14 buses are electrified. Their batteries almost surely use cobalt to stretch out the time between recharges. I drive a gas-powered Honda Fit, but I’m an ebook booster and own an iPhone, iPad, Samsung tablet, and several Kindles, all with cobalt likely tainting their batteries. So the subtitle of the Kara book still applies to me: How the Blood of the Congo Powers Our Lives. The Congolese each year dig up more than 70 percent of the world’s cobalt supply. Despite talk of production ramping up at other locations, it isn’t as if DRC will lose its spot soon as #1 - Cobalt Central, so to speak. Circumstances may change, but for now, manufacturers typically need cobalt to meet the burgeoning demand for electric vehicles.

    Making Kara’s cobalt exposé still more personal for me, I can recall encouraging an author-publisher named Joe Biel to investigate the sourcing of minerals used in Kindle batteries. Amazon’s online information was too vague. Joe’s draft for my TeleRead ebook blog in 2016 won me over, and he and I wrote Amnesty International for specifics about the company so we could pin down the facts for a final version. No luck. The human rights group was already aware of the cobalt issue but said it lacked the resources to investigate Amazon in particular.

    Mea culpa! I should have made the time to do a lot more Googling to find other activists in the Congo who might be able to check out the Kindle-related possibilities for us. Despite the day-to-day pressures of running TeleRead while helping attend to my cancer-stricken wife and addressing my own cardiac issues, I should have at least published questions about sourcing for the iPhone and other devices used to read ebooks. Meanwhile, I read soothing statements from big-name Silicon Valley firms assuring the world that everything was copacetic. I doubted that. But what to do about my own shortage of time when Carly was slowly dying of pancreatic cancer? For what it’s worth, at least some of the Valley’s do-no-evil tech barons claimed they had arranged with people onsite in the Congo to scrutinize the minerals’ suppliers effectively.

    Wrong – or at least highly misleading! Kara makes a stronger case than ever against the falsehoods, thanks to his daring work on the scene, where AK-47-toting guards could easily have killed him if he rubbed them the wrong way. He Velcroed his passport to his calf muscle for possible fast escapes. With his East Indian ethnicity, Kara blended in far more easily than he would have otherwise, given the number of Indians in Africa working in the hotel industry or as traders. Kara instead is an adjutant lecturer in public policy at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government and the University of California at Berkeley, as well as an associate professor at the University of Nottingham and a visiting scientist at the Harvard School of Public Health. Simply put, I’d trust Kara and his book a thousand times over a “white paper” or another cover-up document from one of the Valley’s PR mills. Intel, Apple, Dell, and the rest aren’t committing the abuses directly, but they have been enablers of damaging canards. To let the truth win out, Kara has suggestions, which I’ll share later on, and I’ll add my own in areas far beyond PR. No infallibility claimed, especially from so far away from the DRC. But ideally, my ideas can be useful at least as discussion-starters. Now back to Kara’s book.

    • 4,326,570+ views ... full epesode here
    The horrific mining conditions Kara depicts in the Congo are in many ways as bad as the horrors in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness or King Leopold’s Ghost, Adam Hochschild’s landmark history. Kara did not witness overseers chopping off workers’ hands because the Congolese failed to meet rubber quotas. But we do learn of deadly mine cave-ins and of a boy shot in the back because he wanted to get a better price for his cobalt from other buyers. Cobalt Red begins with a young fatality from a mining accident, lying amid dusty gravel. “Until this moment,” Kara writes, “I thought that the ground in the Congo took its vermilion hue from the copper in the dirt, but now I cannot help but wonder whether the earth here is red because of all the blood that has spilled upon it.” By one estimate, 40,000 of the 255,000 Congolese mining for cobalt are children, and some are just six years old. Even pregnant women - babies strapped to their backs - work amid toxins. Rape is a familiar worry for many female miners. Not so coincidentally, Kara has written three earlier books on modern forms of enslavement, and just as children in other parts of the Congo may be spirited away by sex traffickers, so may they end up in the cobalt mines.

    As Kara saw first-hand, during his visits to the mines and surrounding towns, virtually all of the cobalt ends up tainted. Even if produced in “industrialized” surroundings, the cobalt will be almost always be mixed with the “artisanal” variety dug up with picks and other low-tech tools. Workers typically are paid just a dollar or two a day and children may have to toil for free as bonus slaves, so to speak. In supposed model mines, child laborers are swinging their picks. Furthermore, schooling can be a novelty. Why distract children who instead could be in the mines, risking cave-ins and poisoning? Masks, gloves, and other gear to protect lungs and other organs are rare – all the more outrageous, since the costs would be a pittance compared to the torrents of riches from the mines.

    The Chinese control most of the Congolese cobalt industry, but it isn’t as if the other players are treating workers well or even paying their fair share of taxes. Compounding the problem, the industry has often squeezed out the rest of the world, and not just in terms of work opportunities. Many thousands of Congolese have lost their homes to expanding mines. Thanks to the filthy water and air, they may not be able to fish or hunt any longer.

    Appalled by Corporate America’s 19th-century callousness, Kara calls for accountability from Silicon Valley. On a Joe Rogan podcast (a link to part of it appears below), Kara said he’d welcome top executives jetting off to the Congo for a closer look at the abusive practices. I’m just worried that the usual suspects - assuming they could even briefly tear themselves away from their AI and metaverse ambitions - would simply turn the visits into PR stunts. Such possibilities apparently are also on Kara’s own mind. In Cobalt Red, he says: “Rather than issue vacant statements on zero-tolerance policies and other hollow PR, corporations should do the one simple thing that would truly help: treat the artisanal miners as equal employees to the people who work at corporate headquarters. We would not send the children of Cupertino to scrounge for cobalt in toxic pits, so why is it permissible to send the children of the Congo? We would not accept blanket press statements about how those children were being treated without independently verifying it, so why don’t we do it in the Congo? We would not treat our hometowns like toxic dumping grounds, so why do we allow it in the Congo? If major technology companies, EV manufacturers, and mining companies acknowledged that artisanal miners were an integral part of their cobalt supply chains and treated them with equal humanity as any other employee, most everything that needs to be done to resolve the calamities currently afflicting artisanal miners would be done.”

    A wonderful vision! But given the high-tech industry’s oft-cruel treatment of even domestic contract workers, I’m not optimistic. Likewise, I wonder about the effectiveness of measures that mining companies say they are taking, such as a supposedly ethical trading center for artisanal miners to sell their cobalt - it’s too far from the mines.

    Despite my horror over the Valley and the cobalt industry’s darker sides, I’m fervently pro-tech in countless ways. The hero of my child soldier novel is a brilliant autodidact who uses the Internet, YouTube, you name it, to improve himself (and in time the DRC through his philanthropy). I love my gadgets, just as my Congolese contacts do. I simply don’t trust Silicon Valley or mining companies to do enough on their own to effect genuine reforms in the Congo.

    Instead, I suggest that Congolese activists reach out to civil rights groups in the US to help educate President Biden and others, especially Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg. All US electric vehicles in time should carry certification that they come from mines without child labor or starvation wages; and I applaud talk in Congress of such possibilities. An absolutely essential requirement should be the protective gear that Kara calls for. To confirm adherence to these rules in the DRC, the US and allies in Europe, Japan, and elsewhere ideally could work with the Congolese to deploy well-trained, ethical inspectors who would be accompanied by armed guards. All this would not be free, but still a good, humane way to at least somewhat reduce the chances of the DRC becoming a Chinese satellite, another Afghanistan, or simply even more of a poverty-stricken place. Americans do have one strategic advantage. So many Chinese consider the Congolese to be subhuman, and Kara says many don’t even want to eat with them - apparently for racial reasons, not just sanitary ones. Here’s a chance for Black Americans and others from the US to show how different we can be (with notable exceptions, of course, such as Donald “S—hole Countries” Trump).

    Americans and allies could also provide other assistance in such important areas as tax collection advice - no small detail, considering that the per capita GDP per Congolese is less than $600 a year, thanks partly to the current outflow to foreign mineral barons and other dispensers of bribes. Let’s see the mineral wealth distributed more appropriately. A big Norwegian-style sovereign wealth fund, transparent and well-audited to discourage theft, could go a long way. No, we’re not talking about Scandinavian-level living standards for the Congolese tomorrow, but at least a major increase in expenditures on education, transportation, health, and other basics. Cobalt miners are just a fraction of the DRC’s 97 million people, but raw cobalt and other minerals still in the ground could be worth as much as $23 trillion. Ideally, the government could get its share for a truly sizable wealth fund. For the central government itself, the total national budget is only about $16 billion or approximately one-fifth of Virginia’s. What’s more, the DRC’s existing sovereign wealth fund is a long way from Norway’s in size and transparency.

    With or without US help, could the Congo enjoy new stability and prosperity with more reforms and better governance in general? That could be the fly in the ointment. The bad guys want chaos so the place is ungovernable. Reforms might actually encourage murderous militia groups to sprout up. Keep in mind the Congo’s history. Millions have died during wars in the DRC, and neighboring countries like Rwanda and Uganda have fanned the flames and themselves plundered the DRC. They’d probably love to see the Democratic Republic of the Congo fall apart so they could tear off pieces, especially those with mineral wealth. As if all this isn’t enough, the Chinese cozied up to Joseph Kabila, a corrupt predecessor of President Felix Tshisekedi, and they almost surely will push for Kabila to win the December 2023 election.

    Granted,Tshisekedi himself comes with major flaws; serious questions have arisen about election integrity, for example. And many members of the Congolese military are directly benefiting from cobalt-related abuses and corruption - some even bully people into mine work. Has Tshisekedi done all he could to change this? Still, he or someone more palatable to Westerners, like Martin Fayulu or Moïse Katumbi, cares far more about the DRC’s autonomy than Kabila did in giving away so much of the national wealth to the Chinese and other outsiders.

    No, the US should not send in thousands and thousands of troops and turn the DRC into Afghanistan, but if the Congolese are open to the idea of advisers in areas ranging from mine security to taxes, we and others should oblige. We could also encourage the Congolese to bring less cold-blooded managers and investors - regardless of Chinese companies’ opposition - into mining industries. Time for them to make pitches to the Norwegian fund and others like it?

    Meanwhile, we need to promote improvements in health and countless other areas. Electric buses are wonderful for the air in Alexandria, but let’s not forget the toxins in the lungs of underpaid Congolese miners without even elemental protective gear. Props to Kara for caring and fearlessly acting toward an end to the barbarities!

    Note: This book review/commentary is a “first edition,” subject to tweaking, and I’ll welcome feedback at davidrothman@pobox.com.

    Related: Artisanal cobalt mining swallowing city in Democratic Republic of the Congo, satellite imagery shows, from ABC News.

    News flash: Guess who just met with cobalt miners in the Congo. A Microsoft executive. From Reuters: “In the first known visit by a Microsoft (MSFT.O) executive to an artisanal cobalt site in Congo, chief of staff for tech and corporate responsibility Michele Burlington met miners at Mutoshi, where commodities trader Trafigura had helped run a formalisation scheme that ended in 2020.” She says that a “coalition” will be needed to end the human rights abuses. Hmm. Just a PR stunt or more? Hard to say at this point. But let’s give Burlington credit for at least being on the scene.

    Report: Meanwhile here’s mention of an independent report - so it’s represented - calling for formal recognition of artisanal mining via a new initiative. It would increase miners’ safety, reduce child labor, and increase opportunities for women, the report says. PDF here. The author, Dorothée Baumann-Pauly of the Geneva Center for Business and Human Rights, accompanied Microsoft’s Burlington.

    Key passage in the report: “Powerful economic forces attract destitute people to mining in areas that lack other means of making a living. Artisanal mining occurs in proximity to large-scale industrial operations because ASM miners are drawn to corporate mining concessions with proven cobalt reserves. ASM provides employment to hundreds of thousands of miners in the DRC and feeds millions when miners’ families are considered, according to Jean-Marie Tshizainga Sanama, the former Lualaba provincial minister of mines. In fact, ASM generates far more jobs in the DRC than large-scale mining, which relies heavily on machines rather than humans. The Congolese government supports ASM and is in the process of setting up an agency, the Entreprise Général du Cobalt (EGC), to oversee artisanal mining and the purchasing of domestically produced ASM cobalt ore prior to processing.Though the EGC was announced by the government in March 2021, it has been hampered by internal controversies which have prevented it from becoming operational for almost two years.”


    --o-O-o--

    • Elon Musk: Tesla Can Already Do Without Cobalt Almost Completely:

    Several days ago Tesla CEO Elon Musk revealed in a tweet that Tesla batteries now have "no cobalt at all" in most of their cars and only tiny amounts in others. Musk said Tesla is going to zero cobalt soon, whereas phones and laptops primarily use cobalt in their batteries. Elon Musk's tweet came in response to a Twitter user who linked the electric car maker to child labor for cobalt in the Congo. The electric car manufacturer Tesla is considered a pioneer when it comes to e-mobility. Even if electric cars are considered an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional combustion engines, there are also materials in the batteries of the vehicles that are definitely considered problematic. Car manufacturers are repeatedly criticized for the use of cobalt in particular. As Tesla boss Elon Musk recently revealed via Twitter, Tesla is almost over with that. Cobalt is an important component of e-car batteries. Precarious mining conditions and child labor in the Congo call human rights organizations to the scene. Tesla boss declares that even now hardly any cobalt is used in Tesla batteries. How is it possible to do Tesla batteries without cobalt now? Musk's statement now invites speculation as to how exactly the electrical pioneer could have achieved this impressive achievement. According to the relevant industry portal Teslamag, there are two possible explanations. On the one hand, this could mean that the use of LFP cells in the USA is now making more progress than previously assumed. The last official stand was that Model 3 buyers were offered to use the LFP batteries produced in China. According to Teslamag, another possible explanation could be that the production capacities in China have now far surpassed those of the Tesla plant in Fremont, which must also mean that almost all Tesla Stromers produced in China now have LFP batteries . Whatever the battery status of the various Tesla models, it is no secret that Elon Musk would like to use more LFP than cobalt-containing batteries in the long term. The question is how long it will be before then.
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    Default Re: Is The Netherlands Controlling China and Trying To Takeover The World Economy with ASML

    • "Chris Miller: Get Ready for the Chip Wars"

    00:00 - Introduction
    01:35 - What is a microchip?
    03:18 - Why are the majority of microchips made in Taiwan?
    09:05 - Who is Morris Chang and why is he so important in the story of semiconductors?
    11:27 - Is Taiwan’s semiconductor success a result of the failure of globalisation?
    13:35 - Do Taiwan’s chips make war with China more or less likely?
    15:16 - Semiconductor apocalypse: what would happen to the rest of the world if Taiwan’s chips were destroyed?
    18:01 - What is the US’s CHIPS Act?
    22:33 - What is the military aspect to microchips?
    25:48 - Are the US and China in a race to produce chips?
    27:49 - Chris Miller’s prediction for US-China conflict over Taiwan
    29:57 - Concluding thoughts
    • Freddie Sayers interviewing Chris Miller both barely mentions the importance of the Dutch 🇳🇱 ASML (Advanced Semiconductor Materials Lithography) which is super weird knowing what we know here at Project Avalon Forum!
    Why The World Relies On ASML For Machines That Print Chips:
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    • Biden BRAGS About Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturer In Ariz As Workers Face HORRIBLE Work Conditions:
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    Exclamation Re: Is The Netherlands Controlling China and Trying To Takeover The World Economy with ASML

    • This Is How Huawei Shocked America With a Smartphone:

    President Xi Jinping’s November meeting with President Joe Biden at the APEC summit in San Francisco came amid simmering tensions between China and the US. Technology has been at the heart of those strains, particularly Washington’s efforts to restrict Chinese access to key semiconductor innovations.

    Huawei’s August unveiling of a new smartphone was a blow to America. The Mate 60 Pro appeared to be more advanced than should have been possible, given import controls imposed by the US Department of Commerce. Bloomberg commissioned the first teardown of the handset, by the analysis firm TechInsights. The findings raised questions about the effectiveness of the US-led controls.

    00:00 Introduction
    01:14 US Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo’s Beijing trip
    02:32 Behind the Bloomberg Mate 60 Pro teardown
    04:37 How Huawei and SMIC pulled it off
    05:57 Limits of China’s approach

    This week Huawei announced their 5nm Kirin 9006c chip for laptops, Intel officially launched their 14th gen Meteor Lake Core Ultra laptop chips, the EU announced their AI Act and Google lost in court to Epic Games.
    • 00:00 Huawei introduced its first 5 nanometer chip, the Kirin 906c, targeting the Chinese market, marking a significant achievement despite US sanctions.
    • 02:17 Intel launched its 14th generation Meteor Lake Mobile processors with improved GPU performance, modest CPU enhancements, and potentially significant efficiency improvements.
    • 05:35 The European Union proposed the AI act, categorizing AI applications into risk levels, with different regulatory requirements based on risk, aiming to ensure responsible AI deployment.
    • 07:13 Google lost an antitrust case against Epic, with implications for Android app store monopolies, potentially allowing alternative app stores and billing systems on Android devices.
    Huawei Teardown Shows 5nm Chip Made in Taiwan, Not China
    • New findings quash talk of another big Chinese advance
    • Huawei remains at the vanguard of China’s tech war with the US
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    Default Re: Is The Netherlands Controlling China and Trying To Takeover The World Economy with ASML

    • New Microchip Breakthrough: New Era in Electronics?

    • 00:00 - New Semiconductor
    • 03:51 - Pros and Cons
    • 05:46 - Manufacturing and Doping
    • 07:13 - New Transistor Explained
    • 10:36 - Another Candidate
    • 00:00 Researchers have developed a new semiconductor material promising computer chips that could run much faster, potentially sparking a new era in electronics.
    • 02:57 Graphene offers superior thermal management compared to silicon, but its zero band gap has hindered its use as a semiconductor.
    • 06:49 Researchers have created a semiconductor, semiconducting epigraphene (SEG), by growing graphene on a silicon carbide wafer, solving the band gap issue.
    • 08:38 Graphene-based transistors offer 10 times higher electron mobility than silicon, enabling faster chips with less heat dissipation.
    • 10:03 Silicon carbide and Boron Arsenide are potential candidates to replace silicon due to their superior properties, but challenges in fabrication remain.
    No need to follow anyone, only consider broadening (y)our horizon of possibilities ...

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    Default Re: Is The Netherlands Controlling China and Trying To Takeover The World Economy with ASML

    Hi John, I didn't read the whole thread so sorry if already posted.

    Here is a few points to take into consideration:

    Silicon derived from sand has absolutely excellent semiconductor properties, and it is cheap material, but we are approaching the physical limit of it and there is lots of studies in alternative materials already done, these materials has to meet the demands for higher performance, low consumption of power and decreased in size (these are 3 goals in order to change from silicon to something else).

    A few materials that comes to mind are Silicon Carbide (already in use in high power and high temps applications), Graphene, Gallium Arsenide (used in some solar cells and radio frequency), among a few others good candidates to replace sand (silicon).


    Quantum computing

    quantum bits (qubits) require material(s) with a unique quantum property, so different types of qubits require different type of material and that leads to topological materials subject.

    We are talking here about a complete overhaul of this industry, if materials change, the photolithography will have to change as well. See how many materials or attempt to change this industry was stopped, even we already got new materials in testing. Basically the whole process is highly optimized for silicon-based manufactoring, when you introduce a new material it would not work without equipment adjustments, it is a total reshape of this industry and might require building new facilities or heavily modifying existing ones. It is a massive change.



    In 2023 a south Korean firm made some great advancements in this area of semiconductors, testing new materials, there is a paper published but I can't find it now but here are 2 articles on the subject.

    https://www.koreatechtoday.com/south...-back-at-2023/
    https://www.trendforce.com/news/2024...uctor-cluster/


    [edit]
    the post right above this one, touch the subject.
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