Up At The Ranch And Beyond

[Star Tsar]

European Space Agency

Earth From Space: Bay Of Naples

Published 10th July 2020



The Copernicus Sentinel-1 mission takes us over the busy maritime traffic in the Bay of Naples, in southern Italy, in this week's edition of the Earth from Space programme.

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=vfOmCqBCGlg

[Star Tsar]

Phys.org

Keeping A Steady Eye On Sea Level Change From Space

Published 13th July 2020



Over the course of nearly three decades, an uninterrupted series of satellites has circled our planet, diligently measuring sea levels. The continuous record of ocean height that they've built has helped researchers reveal the inner workings of weather phenomena like El Niño and to forecast how much the ocean could encroach on coastlines around the world. Now, engineers and scientists are preparing two identical satellites to add to this legacy, extending the dataset another decade.

Both spacecraft are a part of the Sentinel-6/Jason-CS (Continuity of Service) mission, a U.S.-European collaboration that aims to make some of the most accurate measurements of sea levels around the world. The first satellite to launch, Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich, will lift off in November. Its twin, Sentinel-6B, will launch in 2025. Both will assess sea levels by sending electromagnetic signals down to the ocean and measuring how long it takes for them to return to the spacecraft.

Read all about it here: https://phys.org/news/2020-07-steady-eye-sea-space.html

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Researchers Find Younger Age For Earth's Moon

Published 13th July 2020



The moon formed a little later than previously assumed. When a Mars-sized protoplanet was destroyed in a collision with the young Earth, a new body was created from the debris ejected during this collision, which became the moon. Planetary geophysicists at the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; DLR), led by Maxime Maurice, together with researchers at the University of Münster, have used a new numerical model to reconstruct the time at which the event occurred—4.425 billion years ago. The previous assumptions about the formation of the moon were based on an age of 4.51 billion years—that, is 85 million years earlier than the new calculations reveal. The scientists have reported their findings in Science Advances.

Read all about it here: https://phys.org/news/2020-07-younge...arth-moon.html

Source paper: https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/28/eaba8949

[Star Tsar]

Unveiled

Why Has Russia Never Been To The Moon?

Published 13th July 2020

In the 1960s, America won the race to put a man on the moon... but, surprisingly, Russia never followed suit. In this video, Unveiled uncovers the real reasons why the Soviet Union failed to get to the moon, and why NO ONE has been back since 1972. It was originally described as "one giant leap for mankind", so what went wrong?

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=T-5ilhP2NTk

[Star Tsar]

Insane Curiosity

Ganymede: Jupiter's Oceanic Moon!

Published 12th July 2020

The Finding And Naming Of Ganymede

At present, Jupiter has 79 moons, some of which have only been discovered recently. But in regards to Ganymede, it may have an origin that is far beyond the histories of the other moons.
Chinese astronomical records report that in 365 BC, Gan De detected what might have been a moon of Jupiter, probably Ganymede, with the naked eye. However, Gan De reported the color of the companion as reddish, which is puzzling since the moons are too faint for their color to be perceived with the naked eye. Sh* Shen and Gan De together made fairly accurate observations of the five major planets.
On January 7th, 1610, Galileo Galilei observed what he thought were three stars near Jupiter, including what turned out to be Ganymede, Callisto, and one body that turned out to be the combined light from Io and Europa; the next night he noticed that they had moved. On January 13th, he saw all four at once for the first time, but had seen each of the moons before this date at least once. By January 15th, Galileo came to the conclusion that the stars were actually bodies orbiting Jupiter. Thus, the discovery of the moons.
Galileo originally called Jupiter's moons the Medicean planets, after the Medici family and referred to the individual moons numerically as I, II, III, and IV. Galileo's naming system would be used for a couple of centuries.
It wouldn't be until the mid-1800's that the names of the Galilean moons, Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto, would be officially adopted, and only after it became apparent that naming moons by number would be very confusing as new additional moons were being discovered.
In mythology, Ganymede was a beautiful young boy who was carried to Olympus by Zeus (the Greek equivalent of the Roman god Jupiter) disguised as an eagle. Ganymede became the cupbearer of the Olympian gods. The Greek/Roman pantheons are the epicenter of many names of both planets and moons in our solar system.

Orbits and Rotations
Ganymede orbits Jupiter at a distance of 1,070,400 km, third among the Galilean satellites, and completes a revolution every seven days and three hours. Which indeed means that a "Day" on Ganymede is a week here on Earth, that would be something that would take some getting used to no doubt.
Like most known moons, Ganymede is tidally locked, with one side always facing toward the planet, hence its day is seven days and three hours. Its orbit is very slightly eccentric and inclined to the Jovian equator, with the eccentricity and inclination changing quasi-periodically due to solar and planetary gravitational perturbations on a timescale of centuries.
Ganymede participates in orbital resonances with Europa and Io: for every orbit of Ganymede, Europa orbits twice and Io orbits four times. Conjunctions (alignment on the same side of Jupiter) between Io and Europa occur when Io is at periapsis and Europa at apoapsis. Conjunctions between Europa and Ganymede occur when Europa is at periapsis. The longitudes of the Io–Europa and Europa–Ganymede conjunctions change with the same rate, making triple conjunctions impossible. Such a complicated resonance is called the Laplace resonance.
There are two hypotheses for the origin of the Laplace resonance among Io, Europa, and Ganymede: that it is primordial and has existed from the beginning of the Solar System; or that it developed after the formation of the Solar System. A possible sequence of events for the latter scenario is as follows: Io raised tides on Jupiter, causing Io's orbit to expand (due to conservation of momentum) until it encountered the 2:1 resonance with Europa; after that the expansion continued, but some of the angular moment was transferred to Europa as the resonance caused its orbit to expand as well; the process continued until Europa encountered the 2:1 resonance with Ganymede. Eventually the drift rates of conjunctions between all three moons were synchronized and locked in the Laplace resonance.

Composition
Ganymede has three main layers. A sphere of metallic iron at the center (the core, which generates a magnetic field), a spherical shell of rock (mantle) surrounding the core, and a spherical shell of mostly ice surrounding the rock shell and the core. The ice shell on the outside is very thick, maybe 800 km (497 miles) thick.

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=630tA8NxpKs

[Star Tsar]

Dr Becky Smethurst

Saturn's Spongey Moon Hyperion

Published 8th July 2020

Saturn's moon Hyperion is the poster child for the potato-shaped moons in the solar system. But unlike other potato-shaped moons, it's not thought to be a captured asteroid. So, does it's weird spongey looking surface give away how it might have formed?

Thomas et al. (2007) - https://www.nature.com/articles/nature05779
Matthews (1992) - http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/p...JRAS..33..253M
Cruikshank et al. (2007) - https://www.nature.com/articles/nature05948

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=NnN5e4QyN6A

[Star Tsar]

TheVerge.com

NASA Is Updating Its Guidelines On How To Prevent Contamination Of The Solar System

Published 9th July 2020



After years of debate, NASA plans to update its guidelines for how much biological contamination of other worlds will be allowed while the agency explores the Solar System. The new rules would relax some of the agency’s requirements for how to explore the Moon and Mars — two high-profile destinations where NASA hopes to send astronauts in the coming years.

For decades, NASA has followed fairly strict rules about how much biological contamination is considered acceptable whenever the agency sends probes — or people — to other planets. It’s a concept known as planetary protection, and it has a legal basis in a treaty signed more than 50 years ago. Called the Outer Space Treaty, it challenges nations to explore other worlds “so as to avoid their harmful contamination” and to not bring back any alien microbes from other worlds that could cause harm to Earth.

Read all about it here: https://www.theverge.com/2020/7/9/21...an-exploration

[Star Tsar]

TamithaSkov

Space Weather News | Two Solar Storms, One Hits Earth

Published 14th July 2020

This week our Sun launched two solar storms, one of which was Earth-directed! The storm has hit, right on time and all through the night people have been getting some amazing aurora shots down to mid-latitudes along with comet NEOWISE (as far south as Michigan in the USA, from what Ive seen thus far)! If you are a member of my Patreon community or follow me on Twitter, you got an early warning of this solar storm and hopefully got some once-in-a-lifetime shots! This solar storm is now waning, but should continue over the next day or so before things return to quiet. As for our star, it continues to be spotless, which means the solar flux is in the high 60s and radio propagation on Earth's dayside continues to be poor. However, this low solar flux means GPS reception on the dayside should be pretty good-- just be careful on Earth's nightside with the ongoing solar storm. Especially if you are near aurora or near dawn or dusk, your GPS reception will likely be unreliable. Learn more details about this ongoing solar storm, how long aurora will last, and see what else our Sun has in store this week!

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=KK-kGMZe71Q

[Star Tsar]

Suspicious Observers | Space News | 14th June 2020 | Cosmic Rays Spike, Red Stars, Earth Structure

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=ZdGwKkOC7W0

[Star Tsar]

Liv Boeree

How Long Is The Earth?

Published 14th July 2020

How far would the Earth stretch if you cut it up into Minecraft sized 1m cubes and lay them in a line through space? What about if you arrange it into a square?

Volume is a SERIOUSLY underrated phenomenon - our minds routinely underestimate how much stuff three dimensional objects contain. To understand why, join me on this thought experiment voyage through the spatial dimensions we call home - expect tennis ball stars, galactic moving vans and homeopathic swimming pools.

Curious about these calculations? Check out the math here: https://livboeree.com/2020/06/29/how...-calculations/

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=TalrU5aeuAU

[Star Tsar]

Weather Events

Freak Hail Storm - Gyumri, Armenia

Recorded 13th & Published 14th July 2020

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=C6CfWKci0w0

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Flash Floods - Cayeli, Turkey

Recorded 12th & 13th & Published 14th July 2020

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=Vs1XeRgPaTA

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Sea Foam Storm - Cape Town, South Africa

Recorded 13th & Published 14th July 2020

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=6xTuV40bB4k

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Severe Rain Storm & Hail - Valencia, Spain

Recorded 13th & Published 14th July 2020

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=GhAUnvBRM6Q

[Star Tsar]

NASA Langley Research Center

CALIPSO Observes Saharan Dust Transport

Published 14th July 2020

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=n35S1awI58w

[Star Tsar]

Exploring Space

Orbital Mechanics In Sixty Seconds

Published 11th July 2020

Explaining basic space travel visually, without any math or difficult terminology, using the example of a trip to the moon.

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=hKdpzagTUxk

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=pJHluGiM5X4

[Star Tsar]

SciShow Space

The First Time We Met A Comet, We Blew A Hole In It

Published 14th July 2020

In the first mission of its kind, Deep Impact’s goal was to teach us about the interior of comets...by blowing a hole in the side of one!

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=QONjR4zuqpY

[Star Tsar]

Scott Manley

NEOWISE - The Comet & The Story Of The Spacecraft Which Discovered It

Published 14th July 2020

Comet C/2020 F3 NEOWISE is now visible to observers in the Northern Hemisphere. You can see it in the twilight just before sunrise and now, just after sunset without any binoculars or telescopes, it's the best comet in over a decade.

However, the spacecraft which discovered it has a pretty amazing story, it was launched just over a decade ago, helped find 3 new stars close to the Sun, and a huge catalog of asteroids. After its primary mission ended it was reactived as an asteroid survey telescope and Comet NEOWISE is one of its discoveries.

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=adkko_XRETo

[Star Tsar]

Vice

Scientists Discovered A Gigantic Structure In A Hidden Zone Of Space

Published 13th July 2020



Scientists have spotted a gargantuan bow-like structure made of galaxies that stretches for 1.4 billion light years across the skies above the South Pole.

This “South Pole Wall” is one of the biggest structures ever glimpsed by humans, and its discovery was announced in a study published on Friday in The Astrophysical Journal.

“When our visualizations indicated something going on at the celestial South Pole, we were surprised: indeed there were no reports of a large scale structure in this region,” said Daniel Pomarède, a cosmographer at Paris-Saclay University in France who led the new study

Read all about it here: https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/x...e=VICE_twitter

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=2GWIzAoFGMs

[Star Tsar]

CNN.com

New Stars Found In The Milky Way Were Born Outside Of It

Published 13th July 2020



Astronomers have found a new stream of stars in our Milky Way galaxy, but they likely didn't originate there, according to a new study.

This new star cluster has been named Nyx, for the Greek goddess of the night. They are within the vicinity of our sun's location in the galaxy and extend about 6,000 light-years above and below the plane of the Milky Way galaxy if you were to view it from the side.
The study published this week in the journal Nature Astronomy.

Read all about it here: https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/12/w...rnd/index.html

[Star Tsar]

Learn The Sky

Ophiuchus

Published 14th June 2020

Ophiuchus is a large and ancient constellation that has been in existence since the time of the Babylonians. It is sometimes mistakenly called the 13th zodiacal constellation since technically the sun spends about two weeks in this star pattern. It isn't officially classified as a zodiacal constellation even though the sun spends more time in this constellation than Scorpius. Ophiuchus is a large constellation that has many celestial objects situated in its boundaries, including globular clusters and a variety of nebulae.

0:12 - Subscribe to Learn the Sky
0:37 - Intro to Ophiuchus
5:32 - Pattern of Ophiuchus
8:29 - Practice finding Ophiuchus
6:37 - Finding the South Celestial Pole
12:52 - Legends of Ophiuchus:11 - Crux on National Flags
15:07 - Review of Ophiuchus
16:26 - Photo Attributes

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=V2yMiDt0Yxw

[Star Tsar]

What Da Math? With Anton Petrov

Discovery Of Six New Exomoons Around Distant Planets

Published 13th July 2020

In this video Anton will talk about the discovery of six new exomoons around planets far, far away.

Source paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.12997

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=CQdbhHU-6rE

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Eleven Space Anomalies From New SETI's Exotica Catalog

Published 14th July 2020

In this video Anton will talk about the newly released Exotica catalog that includes some of the more unique science anomalies.

Read more: http://seti.berkeley.edu/exotica/
Source Paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.11304.pdf
Catalog: http://seti.berkeley.edu/exotica/Exo...Appendices.pdf

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=tqeUoBEZivs

[Star Tsar]

SatelliteInternet.com

US States With The Most UFO Sightings In 2020

Published 24th June 2020



UFO sightings are on the radar these days thanks to the Pentagon’s official release of UFO videos. Last year, Americans reported almost twice as many UFO sightings to the National UFO Reporting Center than the previous year—jumping from 3,456 sightings in 2018 to 6,340 sightings in 2019.

Read all about it here: https://www.satelliteinternet.com/re...m_medium=email

[Star Tsar]

The Richard Dolan Show

A Five Hour Deep Dive Into The Wilson UFO Leak

Streamed & Published 30th May 2020



By now most people following the field of UFOs and ufology are at least somewhat aware of the notes known as the Wilson Document, or the Core Secrets Document, or the Davis-Wilson notes. These are 13 pages of typed notes written by Dr. Eric Davis in 2002, after he met with a recently retired Admiral named Thomas R. Wilson. Wilson had recently been head of the Defense Intelligence Agency, the DIA, and head of Intelligence for the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The subject of their conversation concerned Wilson's failed attempt five years earlier to gain access to a deeply classified UFO program concerned with studying an intact craft "not made by man."

Richard's guest for this program is an anonymous researcher known only as Mr X. This individual wants his anonymity and we are respecting that desire. Previously, Mr. X did a three hour interview on this subject at another Youtube Channel, Project Unity. The interview with Richard was initially intended to be a short one-hour version; instead they went for five hours, by the end of which Richard was starting to lose his voice.

This is a very detailed breakdown of the document, with a great deal of engaging conversation throughout. This is a truly deep dive into the UFO Leak of the Century. Before the interview begins, Richard provides a 9-minute overview of what is to follow.

Mr. X's interview at Project Unity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5P04uI2hu0

Read the Davis-Wilson Notes at Richard's site here:
https://richarddolanmembers.com/arti...l-wilson-leak/

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=pY1XHQBqIY8