⭐(A little beautiful history with photos) Soviet and Russian school uniform and its meaning!
On the eve of September 1, I decided to recall the school uniform of the USSR and Russia and tell a little about the history of its appearance and what significance it fulfills. Why was it exactly like that?
Soviet school uniform
Modern Russian school uniform
The school uniform of Belarus and Russia.
True friends, adult problems, first love - all this happens during the school period. Of course, the main attribute of a Soviet schoolchild was the uniform, strict suits for boys and brown dresses with white aprons for girls. Surely, willy-nilly, each of us had an association that the clothes of Soviet schoolgirls were similar to the uniform of maids. We tried to figure out what is behind all this and why it happened.
A school uniform is a standardized clothing that students are required to wear during their stay at an educational institution.
It is an integral attribute of the educational process in many countries of the world. It not only performs a practical function, providing students with comfortable and practical clothes, but also has great importance for the formation of the image of the school and its unity. Let's take a closer look at why a school uniform is needed.
For the first time, a unified uniform for students in Russia appeared in 1764, simultaneously with the opening of the Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens by Catherine II. It was believed that uniform clothing would act as a kind of tool for "ennobling" the students. Depending on their age, the girls were divided into 4 groups, each of which was supposed to wear a uniform different from the other groups.
The uniform included dresses, aprons, armlets, capes, coats, detachable sleeves, shoes, stockings, gloves, a hat and a hair ribbon. The colors of the ribbon and dress changed depending on the student's academic performance and age, respectively.
In 1896, a uniform for girls attending the gymnasium was officially established. Students were required to wear brown woolen dresses tied with an apron (black or brown on weekdays and white on holidays). If desired, the clothes could be complemented with a lace collar.
Girls were taught order and cleanliness from an early age - clothes had to be immaculately clean, and aprons starched to a squeak.
Girls of the school, 19th century, Russian Empire
"Girls in preparatory classes - from five to seven years old - wore coffee or brown dresses; from eight to ten - light blue or blue; from eleven to thirteen - gray. In state gymnasiums, students wore brown dresses with high collars and aprons - black on school days and white on holidays. The dress uniform was complemented by a white turn-down collar and a straw hat. If there were several gymnasiums in a city, the uniform could be of different colors." It should be noted that the uniform of the Russian Empire also has features of a maid's costume - the white apron suggests that girls were constantly hinted that their main purpose was the kitchen and home.
Taking care of a school uniform is not an easy task
A school uniform was an indicator of a student’s discipline, academic performance, and cleanliness. Slobs were reprimanded at meetings for their unkempt appearance, and satirical caricatures were drawn in wall newspapers.
“From the very first grade, little girls were haunted by the phrase: “You’re a girl!” This meant that you were not allowed to run, make noise, look unkempt, have bad handwriting, etc. If a girl came in a school uniform, and in the teacher’s opinion, she did not have a perfectly snow-white collar, she could easily be scolded at a meeting and her parents would be called in.”
Taking care of a girl's costume in the Soviet era was no easy task. In the absence of a variety of home helpers in the form of smart washing machines and all sorts of stain removers and bleaches, attempts to get the uniform in order were like a nightmare.
"The most interesting thing is that the school uniform was related to the army of girls, not boys. The girls had to sew on cuffs and collars - at least weekly. Particularly neat girls could do this even a couple of times a week. At the same time, first the elements of clothing had to be washed, perfectly bleached, starched and ironed, and only then sewn on." This is where the answer to the question lies, why Soviet school clothes for girls were similar to maids' uniforms. Firstly, it was with the help of a white apron and sewn-on collars that expectant mothers and housewives were taught neatness and cleanliness, and, secondly, the school uniform borrowed its usual version from the times of Tsarist Russia, when diligent schoolgirls were educated in institutes for noble maidens.
"If you look at the clothes of Soviet schoolgirls today, you will associate them with the uniform of maids. The same neatness, restraint, the same dark dress and white apron. Why is that? Most likely, from childhood they tried to instill in girls the idea of neatness, to form the habit of looking after their appearance. What did maids do? They cleaned the house, ran the household, were neat, but at the same time practically unnoticeable, because they lived together with those they served. Soviet girls, future keepers of the hearth and builders of strong and durable units of society, were brought up to be just as modest and hardworking."
How Bows Became a Symbol of School in the USSR
The fashion for wearing white bows in Soviet school uniforms went from the appearance of the appearance for schoolchildren who appeared in the 1950s. Bows became part of the image of the students, and their wearing was spelled out in the hairstyle rules as part of the image.
Braids, decorated with large white bows, were usually the only permitted accessory for Soviet schoolgirls. But what hairstyles they were!
All Soviet schoolchildren were obliged to wear the same form - according to the idea of the educational system, no one had to stand out, so as not to cause envy of others.
Decorations were not allowed, except for bows in hairstyles. It was impossible to walk with loose hair.
High school students more often cut shorter or made “adults” high hairstyles, but the younger girls almost all went with braids fastened bows.
Red ribbons (there are other colors but mostly more often red)
Graduates wear red ribbons to mark the end of the school and an important transitional stage into adulthood.
Also, a red ribbon can symbolize friendship and solidarity, uniting graduates and reminding them of their general experience and achievements.
On the graduation school tape, an inscription, for example, “graduate” and year of release, the name of the student and the name of the school, can be applied.
In the USSR, icons were worn in school uniforms, which corresponded to the age of the student and his belonging to certain organizations.
In elementary grades, October icon was mandatory. In the middle classes - pioneer, almost all schoolchildren under 14 years old (the age of joining the Komsomol) wore it. In high school - Komsomolsky.
In addition to the usual pioneer badge, there was a special option for pioneers actively engaged in public work. He was a little more than usual, and on it was the inscription "For active work." There was also an icon of the senior pioneer - an ordinary pioneer icon against the background of the Red Banner.
The icons of organizations and societies in which a student was rushed on the left on the left (October organization, VODP, VOKKP, etc.).
In the USSR there was a clear hierarchy of communist youth organizations, where there were different age groups:
October - children aged 7 to 9 years. Their groups were formed from first -class students and continued to exist until the transition to pioneers with the creation of pioneer detachments.
Pioneers are school students of the school. Usually October was taken into pioneers in two stages: in the fall - excellent students, and in the spring - the remaining students.
Komsomol members are adolescents and youth aged 14 to 28 years.
In 1958, three stages of growth were introduced in the children's organization, each of which the children was awarded a special icon. To switch to a new step, the pioneer worked according to a pre -compiled individual plan.
“Always ready” is the motto of the pioneer movement, adopted by most pioneer organizations.
The full version of the motto consisted of two parts: the first sounded like this: “Pioneer, to the struggle for the cause of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, be ready!”, And the second part is “always ready!”.
In the USSR, the activities of pioneers, Komsomols and October were associated with the patriotic education of the younger generation and differed depending on the age of members of the organizations.
October (children 7-8 years old) helped the elders, learned to overcome difficulties, literacy. They gathered at the “Star” meetings, where they made work plans, reported on the made and made promises. October activity took place in a playful way and was organized by teachers and counselors.
Pioneers (children 9-14 years old) were divided into detachments united in squads. Among their affairs, one can note:
assistance to elderly and needy (Timurovo movement);
collection of secondary raw materials;
the fight against bad habits;
Classes on interests in the houses of pioneers.
Komsomol members (youth 15–28 years old) were considered advanced youth. They already had membership tickets, they paid membership fees. The meetings were regularly held, the best were put forward to congresses and turned later into active communists. Komsomol members did not have clearly allocated duties, a healthy lifestyle and patriotic education were promoted.
Beautiful school ball:
School uniform in boys
The same applies to boys who will already be disciplined from an early age, like a younger army. Where in the future they will be ready to become disciplined soldiers and defend their Fatherland.
The first form for boys appeared in the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum in 1811 and included a dark blue caftan with a red-hard-resistant collar, white camisole and underwear. In 1834 (62 years earlier than in the case of gymnasium students), the school uniform for boys was officially fixed at the state level “The Regulation on the Civil Uniform”, signed by Nicholas I. The form repeated the military style and consisted of a dark green uniform with a dark blue collar and golden or silver-green forage with a red stop.
Later, the form changed many times. Alexander II, along with the “uniform reform” of the military and officials, transformed the form for students. Under Nicholas II, the color design of the form changed several times. As a result, in 1868, a dark blue one-breasted uniforms with silver buttons and galloons were approved, trousers of the same color and a leather cap-a front shape. In the usual time, young people wore tangles, black pants and white shirts, underlying with black belts with massive buckles with the emblem of the gymnasium.
Soviet era
Stalin era
The value of the school uniform
The school uniform has a number of values for the institution and its students. It is difficult to overestimate its importance. She plays the role as follows:
• Formation of school image. The school uniform is one of the main elements of the corporate identity of the school. It helps to create a recognizable image of the educational institution and highlight it among others.
• Unity and cohesion. The school form erases the social differences between students and contributes to the formation of a sense of community and belonging to school. It unites students into a single team and creates an atmosphere of equality and mutual respect.
• Discipline and order. The school form disciplines students and accustoms them to order. She establishes clear rules regarding appearance and behavior, neatness and purity, which helps maintain order and discipline at school.
• concentration on study. The school uniform helps students focus on studying, eliminating distracting factors related to clothing. It creates a working atmosphere and helps to increase academic performance.
• Safety. The school form can perform the function of identifying students and ensuring their safety. It helps to distinguish students from unauthorized persons and prevent the penetration of undesirable elements into the school.
The main meaning of the school uniform is to create an appropriate image and pride of the educational institution and ensure order and discipline in it. As the experience of many Soviet schools from experience shows, it copes with this task perfectly.
Throughout the history of the school uniform from the Russian Empire to Soviet and Russian times, there were no strong changes in the form itself, in fact, all this time it remained unchanged. After the collapse of the USSR, wearing a school uniform has passed according to tradition and has no need to wear, although in each school the requirements can be different. But at the graduation, all the girls buy and wear it, as it was in Soviet times. Such traditions.
Lyrics:
1.
I hold my first ABC book in my hands
I can't find words from excitement
My first textbook and notebook
Keep school memories
My first teacher, my friends
I will remember this school ball
And our school will dream of the days
That we spent so happily with her
Chorus:
School graduation, the bell rings
Our last lesson is over
Maybe this is just the very first
A turn in our new life
There is no need to rush to grow up
We are no longer chicks, we are birds
And today the flock will fly away
Each on his own big flight
2.
My parents, your eyes are shining
They worry about us, they are sad
Yesterday they took us to first grade
Well, and today we are graduates
We will say thank you to the teachers
They taught us to read and write
You will forgive us for everything at this hour
We will always love and remember you
Chorus 2 times.
Translated via Google Translate
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