In 2001, Joel Bertho launched more than a stone in the pond, a stone block in the Nile! According to the architect based in Saint-Gely-du-Fesc (Hérault), the pyramids are made of molded and uncut stones. In 1978, an assumption on the construction with synthetic stones re-agglomerated was issued by Professor Josepf Davidovits, but convince Egyptologists. Not enough to discourage Joel Bertho who manages to convince the university of Montpellier Suzanne Raynaud interest of his theory. Return shipping scientist has embarked on a series of conferences. There is an image that will disappear from history books: one of those long queues of workers pulling heavy stones up the pyramids in construction. already knew he was not slaves, but of workers. Here we learn that they have not had to cut blocks of stone, but only to sink several ingredients into molds to make a sort of concrete. A little more and build the pyramids would appear almost like a holiday week in Sharm el-Sheikh ...
More seriously, they probably do not have to drag thousands of tons of stone, the Egyptians in the time of Cheops, however, had to carry around thousands and thousands of buckets. They were filled alternately with Nile water, lime and crushed limestone, quarried already identified by archaeologists (the site of Tura, on the other bank of the Nile).
In all, there is around five million the number of blocks used on the Giza plateau. Naturally, it is a big part of the scenario of Asterix and Cleopatra fell in the water. But the archaeological reality is quite a leap forward. "Lime mortar has been known since antiquity, it is mentioned in the Bible. (...) The walls of Jericho were made from reconstituted stone, "says Joel Bertho.
According to Joseph Davidovits, "people think that since we use chemicals, it is very easy to find these ingredients in the final product. Wrong. Thanks to the geopolymer chemistry, the chemical reaction generates natural elements and minerals that can be considered natural by a scientist uninformed. "Building the Great Pyramid of Khufu did not last more than twenty years. A record time that would shame many builders of the twenty-first century, but especially that goes in the direction of cast stone blocks that heavy to carry. The dried cast stones apparently it in a few tens of hours at room temperature. According to Davidovits, construction of the pyramids would have required 100 000 120 000 stones at most for the cover, which represents 5% of all blocks, the 95% is made.
Research by Suzanne Raynaud and his team seem to go in the direction of Bertho and Davidovits. On top of these pyramids, pharaohs must be fun to see all these restless curiosity for more than four centuries.
What has been a geologist, a researcher in petro-physics, on the road of the Pharaohs?
The first time Joel Bertho walked into my office to present its pebbles, instead I wanted to smile and I was not more interested than that of the pyramids, nor by Egypt.
What was the decisive factor, the argument made you decide to pursue the matter?
He said the blocks were used to build the pyramids are not carved stone, but masonry, cast in place, a kind of concrete. The theory is interesting. I examined his samples and I noticed some peculiar characteristics. This was the trigger.
In 2004, you were there. Was it easy to sell your approach by the Egyptians?
When we contacted the Egyptian geologists were very interested. It is Dr. Zahi Hawa - Director of Antiquities in Cairo - which was responsible for authorizing and it went very well.
It was in 2004, you do not give out your results now?
First there was the fieldwork, and then return here and the time of analysis. He also had to start our academic work ... Last summer we had published in the bulletin of the French Society of Archaeology. And now there is this cycle of conferences. It is a form of return for the general public.
What are the conclusions of this first review?
I mentioned in particular the contributions of geology to a better understanding of the architecture of Giza. We conducted a thorough review of the pyramids of Cheops and Chephren. First, we determined that the Giza plateau was not flat ... they took advantage of rocky mounds as foundations of the pyramids (about 40% of the total volume of the building) and disbursed around to make plazas. First there is a large economy, the equivalent of one million m3 of stones, but also a symbolic Pharaoh is out of the water by taking support on a mound of clay, "primeval mound". It is perhaps also what makes the pyramids stand on hills, a return to the source.
[Just to translate that last bit, the ancient Egyptians spiritual beliefs began, before the Pyramids, in what is known as the "primordial mound". So it would be natural to build the Pyramids on mounds, in keeping with this belief. Ish.]
And for the agglomerated stones?
This will be the subject of a forthcoming presentation. We were able to move forward, including through the ruins of a pyramid also dated to the fourth Dynasty. Because at Giza, we were not allowed to take samples. But then, further north, there were only remnants because the stones were used to build Cairo.
We also work for several months at the site of Saqqara, where the pyramid of Djoser, we saw amazing things that will be a conference.
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