Haemorrhagic fever / Ebola outbreaks have been reported - accident, natural or bio-weapon?

[Bob]

Agreed both Roisin and Violet. It is depressing. I do notice a change in the perceived vibe - watching some of the news media, those who DID and are paying attention have a very pronounced depressed (sigh) type of vibe about their demeanor.

Conventional protocol being enforced would say

• identify all contacts
• find the people in closest contact
• monitor for 21 days
• find any contacts anyone presenting may have had
• widen the circle and repeat

I am of a feeling that safe anti-virals prophylactically can be used. I'e mentioned some of the safe ones in this thread, there would not be any need to use an unproven vaccine or some substance from a major who would make billions, stuff is practically over-the-counter and may be in some Countries. If people are part of the circle, get on the anti-viral. What it may do is cure the CMV (cmv=cytomegalovirus) latency and improve the quality of life - so it could be a win..

[Bob]

ya know what's sad.. Brittany Maynard has been in the news as choosing to end her life cause she has brain cancer... Possibly, her doctors have said it's impossible to deal with.. Maybe she doesn't want to be a burden..

HOWEVER - Very amazing studies have happened showing that various anti-virals can do what looks like, CURE such brain tumors..

I am bringing this up in this thread, because the substance mentioned earlier in this thread, as a new highly refined anti-viral, Brincidofovir; it's manufactured by a small obscure company called Chimirex and it could become a very low cost anti-viral that has the ability to go after the viruses behind cancers...

What a strange turn of events if this substance can help Britanny but maybe, she will never hear about it or know, it may be worth a try to let her know.. what a holiday blessing if this can happen..

(couple of links to look at: http://www.webmd.com/cancer/brain-ca...esearchers-say

and

http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/ar...t-breakthrough )

If you can reach her, please give her the data..

[Matisse]

Posted by Lettherebelight (here)
People make a point that because this Ebola strain is not airborne, then it's not that transmissible.

But smallpox (remember that one?) was not airborne either. Equally, it has practically the same transmission profile as smallpox. So although it is a huge plus that Ebola is not airborne, it doesn't necessarily mean it is difficult to catch. Any surface can be contaminated if touched by an infected patient's body fluids, including sweat from the fever.

Sorry if this has been already pointed out, it's getting to be a lengthy thread. I think its a case now of hoping for the best (ie. it just fizzles out), but being prepared for the worst (ie. get your healing arsenals stocked and loaded).

Yes, exactly. I have seen in many articles and comments that stress the point that it is not airborne and compare it to aids, but I think smallpox seems a much better comparison. The nurse that has been infected here in Spain now said that she touched her face
with her gloves and that is probably how she got infected. We touch our face on an average of 2-4 times a minute, some 5,500 times a day, so imagine if surfaces can be contaminated by droplets, sweat, etc. Does anyone know how long the virus
can live on surfaces? I think smallpox could for quite long as they infected the native american indians with contaminated blankets. It seems they keep stressing the point that because it is not airborne it is very dificult to become infected,
but still medical staff where suits that look like from a movie and take precautions and still become infected.

[Bob]

OK Matisse - the short answer, in cooler temperatures not in the sun, up to 10 days, or longer if refrigerated, or frozen, (perpetually if frozen) or about 2-3 days depending on the quantity of the secretion (sputum, vomit, feces, blood).

http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/r.../ebola-eng.php

is from Canada, the public health agency if anyone cares to look at the technical details.

they happen to say for those who just can't read a technical document that the current history says mortality is 50-100% depending on the condition, the state of the immune system, the health care received. Arguing statistical numbers is ludicrous, the event is real, the virus is real, and wildfire outbreaks can get out of control. The authorities believe they know how to isolate and contain. That is all we are being allowed to know from the powers that be.

oh before i forget this - the government of Canada the public health agency says YES IT CAN BE TRANSMITTED using AN AIRBORNE technique -

"INFECTIOUS DOSE: Viral hemorrhagic fevers have an infectious dose of 1 - 10 organisms by aerosol in non-human primates.

ONE viral particle is 800 - 1000 nm long, with a uniform diameter of 80 nanometers. It contains a compartment that houses the gene structure, the "payload" being 20 - 30 nm in diameter, and is enveloped by a helical capsid, 40 - 50 nm in diameter, the sheath..

It's word play again, nobody is going to deliberately infect a human by an aerosol cause that would be in-humane, but they do it to their lab animals all the time..

------------------

Possibly something only I would pay attention to is this very small obvious statement meant for research scientists to understand more about this virus. This isn't your normal Ebola strain.. which basically means all the statistical historical reports circulating around all the mass media and social media are missing something important.. just a few small dots..

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Occurs mainly in areas surrounding rain forests in equatorial Africa Footnote 10 with the exception of Reston, which has been documented to originate in the Philippines. No predispositions to infection have been identified among infected persons.

The largest recorded ebolavirus outbreak to date began in March 2014, with initial cases reported in Guinea and then additional cases identified in the surrounding regions (Liberia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria). A new strain of the ZEBOV species was identified as the causative agent of the outbreak

Since "words" seem to be mis-understood what an Aerosol may be, here is a PDF that one can look at and see some pictures.

http://www.researchgate.net/publicat...ector_analyses

Click the link on the right, for FULL-TEXT or DOWNLOAD to view the article. It is OPEN ACCESS freely available on-line.

----------------------

When dried in tissue culture media onto glass and stored at 4 °C, Zaire ebolavirus survived for over 50 days

[Bob]

PATHOGEN SAFETY DATA SHEET - INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES
SECTION I - INFECTIOUS AGENT

NAME: Ebolavirus

SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: African haemorrhagic fever, Ebola haemorrhagic fever (EHF, Ebola HF), filovirus, EBO virus (EBOV), Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV), Sudan ebolavirus (SEBOV, SUDV), Ivory Coast ebolavirus (ICEBOV), Tai Forest ebolavirus (TAFV), Ebola-Reston (REBOV, EBO-R, Reston Virus, RESTV), Bundibugyo ebolavirus (BEBOV, BDBV), and Ebola virus disease (EVD) Footnote 1 Footnote 2 Footnote 3 Footnote 4.

CHARACTERISTICS: Ebola was discovered in 1976 and is a member of the Filoviridae family (previously part of Rhabdoviridae family, which were later given a family of their own based on their genetic structure). Five Ebola species have been identified: Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV), which was first identified in 1976 and is the most virulent; Sudan ebolavirus, (SEBOV); Tai Forest ebolavirus (formerly Ivory Coast ebolavirus); Ebola-Reston (REBOV), originating from the Philippines; and Bundibugyo ebolavirus (BEBOV), the most recent species discovered (2008) Footnote 1 Footnote 3 Footnote 5 Footnote 6 Footnote 7.

Ebola is an elongated filamentous virus, which can vary between 800 - 1000 nm in length, and can reach up to 14000 nm long (due to concatamerization) with a uniform diameter of 80 nm Footnote 2 Footnote 5 Footnote 8 Footnote 9. It contains a helical nucleocapsid (with a central axis), 20 - 30 nm in diameter, and is enveloped by a helical capsid, 40 - 50 nm in diameter, with 5 nm cross-striations Footnote 2 Footnote 5 Footnote 8 Footnote 9 Footnote 10. The pleomorphic viral fragment may take on several distinct shapes (e.g., in the shape of a "6", a "U", or a circle), and are contained within a lipid membrane Footnote 2 Footnote 5. Each virion contains a single-strand of non-segmented, negative-sense viral genomic RNA Footnote 5 Footnote 11.

SECTION II - HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

PATHOGENICITY/TOXICITY: Ebola virions enter host cells through endocytosis and replication occurs in the cytoplasm. Upon infection, the virus affects the host blood coagulative and immune defence system and leads to severe immunosuppression Footnote 10 Footnote 12. Early signs of infection are non-specific and flu-like, and may include sudden onset of fever, asthenia, diarrhea, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, vomiting, and abdominal pains Footnote 13. Less common early symptoms include conjunctival injection, sore throat, rashes, and bleeding. Shock, cerebral oedema, coagulation disorders, and secondary bacterial infection may co-occur later in infection Footnote 8. Haemorrhagic symptoms may begin 4 - 5 days after onset, including hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, bleeding gums, oral/lip ulceration, hematemesis, melena, hematuria, epistaxis, and vaginal bleeding Footnote 14. Hepatocellular damage, marrow suppression (such as thrombocytopenia and leucopenia), serum transaminase elevation, and proteinuria may also occur. Persons that are terminally ill typically present with obtundation, anuria, shock, tachypnea, normothermia to hypothermia, arthralgia, and ocular diseases Footnote 15. Haemorrhagic diathesis is often accompanied by hepatic damage and renal failure, central nervous system involvement, and terminal shock with multi-organ failure Footnote 1 Footnote 2. Contact with the virus may also result in symptoms such as severe acute viral illness, malaise, and maculopapular rash. Pregnant women will usually abort their foetuses and experience copious bleeding Footnote 2 Footnote 16. Fatality rates range between 50 - 100%, with most dying of hypovolemic shock and multisystem organ failure Footnote 17.

Pathogenicity between species of Ebola does not differ greatly in that they have all been associated with hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in humans (excluding Reston) and non-human primates. The Ebola-Zaire and Sudan strains are especially known for their virulence with up to 90% fatality rate Footnote 18, with reduced virulence noted in the Tai Forest ebolavirus and the more recently discovered Bundibugyo strain, which caused a single outbreak in Uganda Footnote 6 Footnote 7. Bundibugyo was the outbreak virus in Isiro, Democratic Republic of Congo, in 2012. Ebola-Reston was isolated from cynomolgus monkeys from the Philippines in 1989 and is less pathogenic in non-human primates. Ebola-Reston virus appears to be non-pathogenic in humans, with reported health effects limited to serological evidence of exposure as identified in 4 animal handlers working with infected non-human primates Footnote 19.

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Occurs mainly in areas surrounding rain forests in equatorial Africa Footnote 10 with the exception of Reston, which has been documented to originate in the Philippines Footnote 7. No predispositions to infection have been identified among infected persons.

The largest recorded ebolavirus outbreak to date began in March 2014, with initial cases reported in Guinea and then additional cases identified in the surrounding regions (Liberia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria). A new strain of the ZEBOV species was identified as the causative agent of the outbreak Footnote 16 Footnote 21 Footnote 22.

HOST RANGE: Humans, various monkey species, chimpanzees, gorillas, baboons, and duikers are natural animal hosts for ebolavirus Footnote 1 Footnote 2 Footnote 5 Footnote 22 Footnote 23 Footnote 24 Footnote 25 Footnote 26 Footnote 27 Footnote 28 Footnote 29 Footnote 30 Footnote 31. Serological evidence of immunity markers to ebolavirus in serum collected from domesticated dogs suggests asymptomatic infection is plausible, likely following exposure to infected humans or animal carrion Footnote 32 Footnote 33. The Ebolavirus genome was discovered in two species of rodents and one species of shrew living in forest border areas, raising the possibility that these animals may be intermediary hosts Footnote 34. Experimental studies of the virus have been done using mouse, pig, guinea pig, and hamster models, suggesting wild-type ebolavirus has limited pathogenicity in these models Footnote 35 Footnote 36.

Bats are considered to be a plausible reservoir for the virus. Serological evidence of infection with ebolavirus (antibody detection to EBOV, ZEBOV, and/or REBOV) has been reported in fruit bats collected from woodland and forested areas near Ghana and Gabon, with reduced frequency of isolation from bats collected in mainland China and Bangladesh Footnote 37 Footnote 38 Footnote 39 Footnote 40.

INFECTIOUS DOSE: Viral hemorrhagic fevers have an infectious dose of 1 - 10 organisms by aerosol in non-human primates Footnote 41.

MODE OF TRANSMISSION: In an outbreak, it is hypothesized that the first patient becomes infected as a result of contact with an infected animal Footnote 22. Person-to-person transmission occurs via close personal contact with an infected individual or their body fluids during the late stages of infection or after death Footnote 1 Footnote 2 Footnote 22 Footnote 42. Nosocomial infections can occur through contact with infected body fluids for example due to the reuse of unsterilized syringes, needles, or other medical equipment contaminated with these fluids Footnote 1 Footnote 2. Humans may be infected by handling sick or dead non-human primates and are also at risk when handling the bodies of deceased humans in preparation for funerals Footnote 2 Footnote 10 Footnote 43.

In laboratory settings, non-human primates exposed to aerosolized ebolavirus from pigs have become infected, however, airborne transmission has not been demonstrated between non-human primates Footnote 1 Footnote 10 Footnote 15 Footnote 44 Footnote 45. Viral shedding has been observed in nasopharyngeal secretions and rectal swabs of pigs following experimental inoculation Footnote 29 Footnote 30.

INCUBATION PERIOD: Two to 21 days Footnote 1 Footnote 15 Footnote 17.

COMMUNICABILITY: Communicable as long as blood, body fluids or organs, contain the virus. Ebolavirus has been isolated from semen 61 to 82 days after the onset of illness, and transmission through semen has occurred 7 weeks after clinical recovery Footnote 1 Footnote 2 Footnote 59 Footnote 60.

SECTION III - DISSEMINATION

RESERVOIR: The natural reservoir of Ebola is unknown Footnote 1 Footnote 2. Antibodies to the virus have been found in the serum of domestic guinea pigs and wild rodents, with no relation to human transmission Footnote 34 Footnote 47. Serum antibodies and viral RNA have been identified in some bat species, suggesting bats may be a natural reservoir Footnote 37 Footnote 38 Footnote 39 Footnote 40.

ZOONOSIS: Zoonosis between humans and animal is suspected Footnote 2 Footnote 22 Footnote 37.

VECTORS: Unknown.

SECTION IV - STABILITY AND VIABILITY

All information available on stability and viability comes from peer-reviewed literature sources depicting experimental findings and is intended to support local risk assessments in a laboratory setting.

DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: Unknown. Although clinical trials have been completed, no vaccine has been approved for treatment of ebolavirus. Similarly, no post-exposure measures have been reported as effective in treating ebolavirus infection in humans although several studies have been completed in animals to determine the efficacy of various treatments.

DRUG RESISTANCE: There are no known antiviral treatments available for human infections.

SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Ebolavirus is susceptible to 3% acetic acid, 1% glutaraldehyde, alcohol-based products, and dilutions (1:10-1:100 for ≥10 minutes) of 5.25% household bleach (sodium hypochlorite), and calcium hypochlorite (bleach powder) Footnote 48 Footnote 49 Footnote 50 Footnote 62 Footnote 63. The WHO recommendations for cleaning up spills of blood or body fluids suggest flooding the area with a 1:10 dilutions of 5.25% household bleach for 10 minutes for surfaces that can tolerate stronger bleach solutions (e.g., cement, metal) Footnote 62. For surfaces that may corrode or discolour, they recommend careful cleaning to remove visible stains followed by contact with a 1:100 dilution of 5.25% household bleach for more than 10 minutes.

PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Ebola are moderately thermolabile and can be inactivated by heating for 30 minutes to 60 minutes at 60°C, boiling for 5 minutes, or gamma irradiation (1.2 x106 rads to 1.27 x106 rads) combined with 1% glutaraldehyde Footnote 10 Footnote 48 Footnote 50. Ebolavirus has also been determined to be moderately sensitive to UVC radiation Footnote 51.

SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Filoviruses have been reported capable to survive for weeks in blood and can also survive on contaminated surfaces, particularly at low temperatures (4°C) Footnote 52 Footnote 61. One study could not recover any Ebolavirus from experimentally contaminated surfaces (plastic, metal or glass) at room temperature Footnote 61. In another study, Ebolavirus dried onto glass, polymeric silicone rubber, or painted aluminum alloy is able to survive in the dark for several hours under ambient conditions (between 20 and 250C and 30–40% relative humidity) (amount of virus reduced to 37% after 15.4 hours), but is less stable than some other viral hemorrhagic fevers (Lassa) Footnote 53. When dried in tissue culture media onto glass and stored at 4 °C, Zaire ebolavirus survived for over 50 days Footnote 61. This information is based on experimental findings only and not based on observations in nature. This information is intended to be used to support local risk assessments in a laboratory setting.

A study on transmission of ebolavirus from fomites in an isolation ward concludes that the risk of transmission is low when recommended infection control guidelines for viral hemorrhagic fevers are followed Footnote 64. Infection control protocols included decontamination of floors with 0.5% bleach daily and decontamination of visibly contaminated surfaces with 0.05% bleach as necessary.

SECTION V - FIRST AID / MEDICAL

SURVEILLANCE: Definitive diagnosis can be reached rapidly in an appropriately equipped laboratory using a multitude of approaches, including RT-PCR to detect viral RNA, ELISA based techniques to detect anti-Ebola antibodies or viral antigens, immunoelectron microscopy to detect ebolavirus particles in tissues and cells, and indirect immunofluorescence to detect antiviral antibodies Footnote 1 Footnote 2 Footnote 14 Footnote 41. It is useful to note that the Marburg virus is morphologically indistinguishable from the ebolavirus, and laboratory surveillance of Ebola is extremely hazardous Footnote 1 Footnote 2 Footnote 14 Footnote 54. Please see the interim biosafety guidelines for laboratories handling specimens from patients under investigation for EVD for more information.

Note: All diagnostic methods are not necessarily available in all countries.

FIRST AID/TREATMENT: There is no effective antiviral treatment Footnote 27 Footnote 37. Instead, treatment is supportive, and is directed at maintaining organ function and electrolyte balance and combating haemorrhage and shock Footnote 22 Footnote 55.

IMMUNIZATION: None Footnote 27.

PROPHYLAXIS: None. Management of the Ebola virus is solely based on isolation and barrier-nursing with symptomatic and supportive treatments Footnote 8.

SECTION VI - LABORATORY HAZARDS

LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: One reported near-fatal case following a minute finger prick in an English laboratory (1976) Footnote 56. A Swiss zoologist contracted Ebola virus after performing an autopsy on a chimpanzee in 1994 Footnote 2 Footnote 57. An incident occurred in Germany in 2009 when a laboratory scientist pricked herself with a needle that had just been used on a mouse infected with Ebola; however, human infection was not confirmed. Additional incidents were recorded in the US in 2004, and a fatal case in Russia in 2004 Footnote 8.

SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Blood, serum, urine, respiratory and throat secretions, semen, and organs or their homogenates from human or animal hosts Footnote 1 Footnote 2 Footnote 53. Human or animal hosts, including non-human primates, may represent a further source of infection Footnote 54.

PRIMARY HAZARDS: Accidental parenteral inoculation, respiratory exposure to infectious aerosols/droplets, and/or direct contact with skin or mucous membranes Footnote 54.

SPECIAL HAZARDS: Work with, or exposure to, infected non-human primates, rodents, or their carcasses represents a risk of human infection Footnote 54.

SECTION VII - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION

RISK GROUP CLASSIFICATION: Risk Group 4 Footnote 58.

CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Containment Level 4 facilities, equipment, and operational practices for work involving infectious or potentially infectious materials, animals, and cultures. Please see the interim biosafety guidelines for laboratories handling specimens from patients under investigation for EVD for more information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Personnel entering the laboratory must remove street clothing, including undergarments, and jewellery, and change into dedicated laboratory clothing and shoes, or don full coverage protective clothing (i.e., completely covering all street clothing). Additional protection may be worn over laboratory clothing when infectious materials are directly handled, such as solid-front gowns with tight fitting wrists, gloves, and respiratory protection. Eye protection must be used where there is a known or potential risk of exposure to splashes.

OTHER PRECAUTIONS: All activities with infectious material should be conducted in a biological safety cabinet (BSC) in combination with a positive pressure suit, or within a class III BSC line. Centrifugation of infected materials must be carried out in closed containers placed in sealed safety cups, or in rotors that are unloaded in a biological safety cabinet. The integrity of positive pressure suits must be routinely checked for leaks. The use of needles, syringes, and other sharp objects should be strictly limited. Open wounds, cuts, scratches, and grazes should be covered with waterproof dressings. Additional precautions should be considered with work involving animal activities.

SECTION VIII - HANDLING AND STORAGE

SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle and, wearing protective clothing, gently cover spill with paper towels and apply suitable disinfectant, starting at the perimeter and working towards the centre. Allow sufficient contact time before clean-up.

DISPOSAL: Decontaminate all materials for disposal from the containment laboratory by steam sterilisation, chemical disinfection, incineration or by gaseous methods. Contaminated materials include both liquid and solid wastes.

STORAGE: In sealed, leak-proof containers that are appropriately labelled and locked in a Containment Level 4 laboratory.

SECTION IX - REGULATORY AND OTHER INFORMATION

REGULATORY INFORMATION: The import, transport, and use of pathogens in Canada is regulated under many regulatory bodies, including the Public Health Agency of Canada, Health Canada, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Environment Canada, and Transport Canada. Users are responsible for ensuring they are compliant with all relevant acts, regulations, guidelines, and standards.

UPDATED: August 2014.

PREPARED BY: Centre for Biosecurity, Public Health Agency of Canada.

Although the information, opinions and recommendations contained in this Pathogen Safety Data Sheet are compiled from sources believed to be reliable, we accept no responsibility for the accuracy, sufficiency, or reliability or for any loss or injury resulting from the use of the information. Newly discovered hazards are frequent and this information may not be completely up to date.


Public Health Agency of Canada, 2014



Footnote 1
Plague. (2004). In R. G. Darling, & J. B. Woods (Eds.), USAMRIID's Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook (5th ed., pp. 40-44). Fort Detrick M.D.: USAMRIID.
Footnote 2
Acha, P. N., & Szyfres, B. (2003). In Pan American Health Organization (Ed.), Zoonoses and Communicable Diseases Common to Man and Animals (3rd ed., pp. 142-145). Washington D.C.: Pan American Health Organization.
Footnote 3
International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2013 Release). Virus Taxonomy. Ebolavirus. http://www.ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp
Footnote 4
Kuhn, J. H., Becker, S., Ebihara, H., Geisbert, T. W., Johnson, K. M., Kawaoka, Y., Lipkin IW, Negredo AI, Netesov SV, Nichol ST, Palacios G, Peters CJ, Tenorio A, Volchokov VE, & Jahrling, P. B. (2010). Proposal for a revised taxonomy of the family Filoviridae: classification, names of taxa and viruses, and virus abbreviations. Archives of virology, 155(12), 2083-2103.
Footnote 5
Sanchez, A. (2001). Filoviridae: Marburg and Ebola Viruses. In D. M. Knipe, & P. M. Howley (Eds.), Fields virology (4th ed., pp. 1279-1304). Philadelphia, PA.: Lippencott-Ravenpp.
Footnote 6
Takada, A., & Kawaoka, Y. (2001). The pathogenesis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever. Trends in Microbiology, 9(10), 506-511.
Footnote 7
Towner, J. S., Sealy, T. K., Khristova, M. L., Albarino, C. G., Conlan, S., Reeder, S. A., Quan, P. L., Lipkin, W. I., Downing, R., Tappero, J. W., Okware, S., Lutwama, J., Bakamutumaho, B., Kayiwa, J., Comer, J. A., Rollin, P. E., Ksiazek, T. G., & Nichol, S. T. (2008). Newly discovered ebola virus associated with hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Uganda. PLoS Pathogens, 4(11), e1000212.
Footnote 8
Feldmann, H. (2010). Are we any closer to combating Ebola infections? Lancet, 375(9729), 1850-1852. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60597-1.
Footnote 9
Beran, G. W. (Ed.). (1994). Handbook of Zoonosis, Section B: Viral (2nd ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, LLC.
Footnote 10
Mwanatambwe, M., Yamada, N., Arai, S., Shimizu-Suganuma, M., Shichinohe, K., & Asano, G. (2001). Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF): mechanism of transmission and pathogenicity. Journal of Nippon Medical School.68(5), 370-375.
Footnote 11
Sanchez, A., Kiley, M. P., Klenk, H. D., & Feldmann, H. (1992). Sequence analysis of the Marburg virus nucleoprotein gene: comparison to Ebola virus and other non-segmented negative-strand RNA viruses. The Journal of General Virology, 73 (Pt 2)(Pt 2), 347-357.
Footnote 12
Harcourt, B. H., Sanchez, A., & Offermann, M. K. (1999). Ebola virus selectively inhibits responses to interferons, but not to interleukin-1beta, in endothelial cells. Journal of Virology, 73(4), 3491-3496.
Footnote 13
Bwaka, M. A., Bonnet, M. J., Calain, P., Colebunders, R., De Roo, A., Guimard, Y., Katwiki, K. R., Kibadi, K., Kipasa, M. A., Kuvula, K. J., Mapanda, B. B., Massamba, M., Mupapa, K. D., Muyembe-Tamfum, J. J., Ndaberey, E., Peters, C. J., Rollin, P. E., Van den Enden, E., & Van den Enden, E. (1999). Ebola hemorrhagic fever in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo: clinical observations in 103 patients. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 179 Suppl 1, S1-7.
Footnote 14
Zilinskas, R. A. (Ed.). (2000). Biololgical Warfare - Modern Offense and Defense. Boulder, Colorado, USA: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc.
Footnote 15
Feigin, R. D. (Ed.). (2004). Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (5th ed.). Philadelphia, USA: Elsevier, Inc.
Footnote 16
Baize, S., Pannetier, D., Oestereich, L., Rieger, T., Koivogui, L., Magassouba, N., Soropogui, B., Sow, M. S., Keita, S., De Clerck, H., Tiffany, A., Dominguez, G., Loua, M., Traore, A., Kolie, M., Malano, E. R., Heleze, E., Bocquin, A., Mely, S., Raoul, H., Caro, V., Cadar, D., Gabriel, M., Pahlmann, M., Tappe, D., Schmidt-Chanasit, J., Impouma, B., Diallo, A.K., Formenty, P., Van Herp, M., & Gunther, S. (2014). Emergence of Zaire Ebola Virus Disease in Guinea - Preliminary Report. The New England Journal of Medicine. Epub ahead of print.
Footnote 17
Casillas, A. M., Nyamathi, A. M., Sosa, A., Wilder, C. L., & Sands, H. (2003). A current review of Ebola virus: pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and diagnostic assessment. Biological Research for Nursing, 4(4), 268-275.
Footnote 18
World Health Organization. Ebola Virus Disease - Fact Sheet N°103. Updated April 2014.
Footnote 19
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1990). Epidemiologic notes and reports updates: filovirus infection in animal handlers. MMWR, 39, 221.
Footnote 20
World Health Organization. Global Alert and Response (GAR) - Ebola virus disease update - West Africa. Disease outbreak news. August 6 2014
Footnote 21
Centres for Disease Control. 2014 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa (Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Nigeria. August 6 2014
Footnote 22
Bausch, D. G., Jeffs B.S.A.G, & Boumandouki, P. (2008). Treatment of Marburg and Ebola haemorrhagic fevers: a strategy for testing new drugs and vaccines under outbreak conditions. Antiviral Res., 78(1), 150-161.
Footnote 23
WHO Disease Outbreak News - Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever in the Democratic Republic of Congo. (2007). 2008
Footnote 24
WHO Disease Outbreak News - Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever in Uganda - Update. (2007). 2008
Footnote 25
Formenty, P., Boesch, C., Wyers, M., Steiner, C., Donati, F., Dind, F., Walker, F., & Le Guenno, B. (1999). Ebola virus outbreak among wild chimpanzees living in a rain forest of Cote d'Ivoire. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 179 Suppl 1, S120-6. doi:10.1086/514296.
Footnote 26
Bray, M. (2003). Defense against filoviruses used as biological weapons. Antiviral Research, 57(1-2), 53-60.
Footnote 27
Leroy, E. M., Rouquet, P., Formenty, P., Souquière, S., Kilbourne, A., Froment, J., Bermejo, M., Smit, S., Karesh, W., Swanepoel, R., Zaki, S. R., & Rollin, P. E. (2004). Multiple Ebola Virus Transmission Events and Rapid Decline of Central African Wildlife. Science, 303(5656), 387-390.
Footnote 28
Nfon, C. K., Leung, A., Smith, G., Embury-Hyatt, C., Kobinger, G., & Weingartl, H. M. (2013). Immunopathogenesis of severe acute respiratory disease in Zaire ebolavirus-infected pigs. PloS one, 8(4), e61904.
Footnote 29
Kobinger, G. P., Leung, A., Neufeld, J., Richardson, J. S., Falzarano, D., Smith, G., Tierney, K., Patel, A., & Weingartl, H. M. (2011). Replication, pathogenicity, shedding, and transmission of Zaire ebolavirus in pigs. Journal of Infectious Diseases, jir077.
Footnote 30
Marsh, G. A., Haining, J., Robinson, R., Foord, A., Yamada, M., Barr, J. A., Payne, J., White, J., Yu, M., Bingham, J., Rollin, P. E., Nichol, S. T., Wang, L-F., & Middleton, D. (2011). Ebola Reston virus infection of pigs: clinical significance and transmission potential. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 204(suppl 3), S804-S809.
Footnote 31
Morris, K. (2009). First pig-to-human transmission of Ebola Reston virus.9(3), 148.
Footnote 32
Allela, L., Bourry, O., Pouillot, R., Délicat, A., Yaba, P., Kumulungui, B., Rougquet, P., Gonzalez, J-P., & Leroy, E. M. (2005). Ebola virus antibody prevalence in dogs and human risk. Emerg Infect Dis, 11(3), 385-90.
Footnote 33
Olson, S. H., Reed, P., Cameron, K. N., Ssebide, B. J., Johnson, C. K., Morse, S. S., Karesh, W. B.., Mazet, J. A. K., & Joly, D. O. (2012). Dead or alive: animal sampling during Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in humans. Emerging health threats journal, 5.
Footnote 34
Morvan, J. M., Nakouné, E., Deubel, V., & Colyn, M. (2000). Ebola virus and forest ecosystem. [Écosystèmes forestiers et virus Ebola] Bulletin De La Societe De Pathologie Exotique, 93(3), 172-175.
Footnote 35
Connolly, B. M., Steele, K. E., Davis, K. J., Geisbert, T. W., Kell, W. M., Jaax, N. K., & Jahrling, P. B. (1999). Pathogenesis of experimental Ebola virus infection in guinea pigs. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 179 Suppl 1, S203-17.
Footnote 36
Ebihara, H., Zivcec, M., Gardner, D., Falzarano, D., LaCasse, R., Rosenke, R., Long, D., Haddock, E., Fischer, E., Kawaoka, Y., & Feldmann, H. (2012). A Syrian golden hamster model recapitulating Ebola hemorrhagic fever. Journal of Infectious Diseases, jis626.
Footnote 37
Leroy, E. M., Kumulungui, B., Pourrut, X., Rouquet, P., Hassanin, A., Yaba, P., Délicat, A., Paweska, J. T., Gonzalez, J., & Swanepoel, R. (2005). Fruit bats as reservoirs of Ebola virus. Nature, 438(7068), 575-576.
Footnote 38
Hayman, D. T., Yu, M., Crameri, G., Wang, L. F., Suu-Ire, R., Wood, J. L., & Cunningham, A. A. (2012). Ebola virus antibodies in fruit bats, Ghana, West Africa. Emerging infectious diseases, 18(7), 1207.
Footnote 39
Yuan, J., Zhang, Y., Li, J., Zhang, Y., Wang, L. F., & Shi, Z. (2012). Serological evidence of ebolavirus infection in bats, China. Virol. J, 9, 236.
Footnote 40
Olival, K. J., Islam, A., Yu, M., Anthony, S. J., Epstein, J. H., Khan, S. A., Khan, S. U., Crameri, G., Wang, L-F., Lipkin, W. I., Luby, S. P., & Daszak, P. (2013). Ebola virus antibodies in fruit bats, Bangladesh. Emerging infectious diseases, 19(2), 270.
Footnote 41
Franz, D. R., Jahrling, P. B., Friedlander, A. M., McClain, D. J., Hoover, D. L., Bryne, W. R., Pavlin, J. A., Christopher, G. W., & Eitzen, E. M. (1997). Clinical recognition and management of patients exposed to biological warfare agents. Jama, 278(5), 399-411.
Footnote 42
Arthur, R. R. (2002). Ebola in Africa--discoveries in the past decade. Euro Surveillance : Bulletin Europeen Sur Les Maladies Transmissibles = European Communicable Disease Bulletin, 7(3), 33-36.
Footnote 43
Hewlett, B. S., & Amolat, R. P. (2003). Cultural contexts of Ebola in Northern Uganda. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 9(10), 1242-1248.
Footnote 44
Reed, D. S., Lackemeyer, M. G., Garza, N. L., Sullivan, L. J., & Nichols, D. K. (2011). Aerosol exposure to Zaire ebolavirus in three nonhuman primate species: differences in disease course and clinical pathology. Microbes and Infection, 13(11), 930-936.
Footnote 45
Twenhafel, N. A., Mattix, M. E., Johnson, J. C., Robinson, C. G., Pratt, W. D., Cashman, K. A., Wahl-Jensen, V., Terry, C., Olinger, G. G., Hensley, L. E., & Honko, A. N. (2012). Pathology of experimental aerosol Zaire ebolavirus infection in rhesus macaques. Veterinary Pathology Online, 0300985812469636.
Footnote 46
Weingartl, H. M., Embury-Hyatt, C., Nfon, C., Leung, A., Smith, G., & Kobinger, G. (2012). Transmission of Ebola virus from pigs to non-human primates. Scientific reports, 2.
Footnote 47
Stansfield, S. K., Scribner, C. L., Kaminski, R. M., Cairns, T., McCormick, J. B., & Johnson, K. M. (1982). Antibody to Ebola virus in guinea pigs: Tandala, Zaire. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 146(4), 483-486.
Footnote 48
Mitchell, S. W., & McCormick, J. B. (1984). Physicochemical inactivation of Lassa, Ebola, and Marburg viruses and effect on clinical laboratory analyses. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 20(3), 486-489.
Footnote 49
Elliott, L. H., McCormick, J. B., & Johnson, K. M. (1982). Inactivation of Lassa, Marburg, and Ebola viruses by gamma irradiation. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 16(4), 704-708.
Footnote 50
World Health Organization. Interim Infection Control Recommendationsfor Care of Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Filovirus (Ebola, Marburg) Haemorrhagic Fever. March 2008
Footnote 51
Sagripanti, J. L., & Lytle, C. D. (2011). Sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation of Lassa, vaccinia, and Ebola viruses dried on surfaces. Archives of virology, 156(3), 489-494.
Footnote 52
Belanov, E. F., Muntianov, V. P., Kriuk, V., Sokolov, A. V., Bormotov, N. I., P'iankov, O. V., & Sergeev, A. N. (1995). [Survival of Marburg virus infectivity on contaminated surfaces and in aerosols]. Voprosy virusologii, 41(1), 32-34.
Footnote 53
Sagripanti, J-L., Rom, A.M., Holland, L.E. (2010) Persistence in darkness of virulent alphaviruses, Ebola virus, and Lass virus deposited on solid surfaces. Arch Virol. 155: 2035-9.
Footnote 54
Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) (2007). In Richmond J. Y., McKinney R. W. (Eds.), . Washington, D.C.: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Footnote 55
Clark, D. V., Jahrling, P. B., & Lawler, J. V. (2012). Clinical Management of Filovirus-Infected Patients. Viruses, 4(9), 1668-1686.
Footnote 56
Emond, R. T. D., Evans, B., Bowen, E. T. W., & Lloyd, G. (1977). A case of Ebola virus infection. British Medical Journal, 2(6086), 541-544.
Footnote 57
Formenty, P., Hatz, C., Le Guenno, B., Stoll, A., Rogenmoser, P., & Widmer, A. (1999). Human infection due to Ebola virus, subtype Cote d'Ivoire: Clinical and biologic presentation. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 179(SUPPL. 1), S48-S53.
Footnote 58
Human pathogens and toxins act. S.C. 2009, c. 24, Second Session, Fortieth Parliament, 57-58 Elizabeth II, 2009. (2009).
Footnote 59
Rowe AK, Bertolli J,Khan AS,et al. Clinical, virologic, and immunologic follow-up of convalescent Ebola hemorrhagic fever patients and their household contacts, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Commission de Lutte contre les Epidemies à Kikwit. J Infect Dis 1999;179 (Suppl 1):S28-35.
Footnote 60
Rodriguez LL, De Roo A, Guimard Y, et al. Persistence and genetic stability of Ebola virus during the outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. J Infect Dis 1999;179 (Suppl 1):S170-6.
Footnote 61
Piercy, T.J., Smither, S.J., Steward, J.A., Eastaugh, L., Lever, M.S. (2010) The survival of filoviruses in liquids, on solid substrates and in a dynamic aerosol. J Appl Microbiol. 109(5): 1531-9.
Footnote 62
World Health Organization (2010). WHO best practices for injections and related procedures toolkit. March 2010. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publication...2_eng.pdf?ua=1
Footnote 63
World Health Organization (2014). Interim infection prevention and control guidance for care of patients with suspected or confirmed filovirus haemorrhagic fever in health-care settings, with focus on Ebola. August 2014.
http://www.who.int/csr/resources/who...l-09082014.pdf
Footnote 64
Baush, D.G., Towner, J.S., Dowell, S.F., Kaducu, F., Lukwiya, M., Sanchez, A., Nichol, S.T., Ksiazek, T.G., Rollin, P.E. (2007) Assessment of the Risk of Ebola virus Transmission from Bodily Fluids and Fomites. JID. 196 (Suppl 2).

[Bob]

btw, if anyone has any access to Brittany Maynard, that young girl with the brain tumor, please let her know Brincidofovir could probably help her - it is just one random act of kindness if it would work... tnx.

[TargeT]

Posted by Paul (here)

Posted by TargeT (here)
I've had a Hemorrhagic fever TWICE now (two strains of dengue, there are 6 here on the islands... 4 more to go and I'm immune for life!) you don't cough, you don't sneeze, you feel like CRAP and move as little as possible (sure brings the contagious fluid movement to a minimum).

Ah - so you're not stating that Ebola (a hemorrhagic fever) couldn't be spread with a cough or a sneeze to someone close by.

Rather you're saying that such is not a significant risk, in part because victims don't cough or sneeze.

Yes, less so but still something to watch, the CDC does own patents on the virus (strange?) which has my spidey senses twinging a bit..

Posted by Paul (here)

Posted by TargeT (here)
this is no where near a pandemic, it may be what is desired but it's NOT right now, its a small amount of cases currently.

... and you're saying that whatever the mechanisms of spreading this ... the spread is small right now (as best as we can tell ... realizing that the official stats may be an order of magnitude off, either way.)

===

There is also an issue over the meaning of the word "airborne". The CDC (as in this page on "Transmission-Based Precautions") distinguishes between transmission of a pathogen by "the droplet route" and by "airborne route". A measles virus can come off an infected patients skin directly into the air, with no coughing or sneezing involved. The CDC calls that "airborne".

By that technical definition of "airborne", it may well be that Ebola is not airborne.


But adamant claims over whether Ebola is or is not airborne, without being clear whether (a) one is using the ordinary definition of that term, which for most people would include "the droplet route", or (b) one is using the CDC distinctions between airborne and droplet routes, are less effective, in my view, in increasing our shared understanding.

yes, not being airborne is a strange stance to take, since it can be airborne in a liquid state (which is less contagious when compared to other airborne vector diseases).


There is a lot of money to be made off this and the CDC involvement (and simultaneously owning the patents on this virus) is a very interesting situation.

The fear generated by the every media source (and I DO shudder when I see that sort of alignment, there are hardly ANY dissenting opinions on this... WHY?) will be enough for the CDC to profit greatly, along with other "big pharma".

It's a very interesting situation currently, one that bears watching; but not fear (in my opinion) the case count is so low (even with generous error margins figured in).

we shall see how this unfolds.



Before the most recent patient died there were two previous cases of Ebola in the US that survived... so 3 cases 1 death so far, lets see what tomorrows spin gives us.

[Bob]

This is spelled out in the OP, the first post:

Is this current outbreak "accidental", coincidental, a BW "demonstration" - what do you think?

This THREAD IS NOT about treatment or "cure claims" using unproven remedies for the Hemorrhagic Fevers; and this thread is not for Silver discussion, or nano-particles.

It is not for arguing semantics, or dialog to derail the focus of the thread.

It is to discuss specifically what it asks about in the thread title, accidental natural or deliberate bio-weapon, and if so, what proofs do we have that such could be natural or accidental or deliberate.

WHO would be making a BIO-WEAPON, historically, and why - that is a valid discussion.

Understanding how the Hemorrhagic Fevers do their damage would be appropriate..

A brief mention of what one has used personally as an effective treatment for a Hemorrhagic Fever viruses would be interesting and helpful, as it would apply directly to the thread TITLE, the subject.. If the treatment can help with other virus infections, and one has used it, demonstrate how it helped. And how people can find more information.

An OUTBREAK of the FEVERS (we are interested in the Hemorrhagic Fevers in this thread) is important to know about, where, what happened historically and WHY. If such happens, or if a CASE appears for instance in Europe or the North American or South American Continent, Australia, Asia... it should be posted in this thread (if known about). Information so that people can take steps to protect themselves is needed, from a potential outbreak.

BIG QUESTIONS TO ASK: What types of FEVERS exist, and how are they transmitted, what is the reservoir? Where are they spreading and in what concentrations (presenting HOW?)

Can a hemorrhagic virus exist on a surface, if so how long.

Can a hemorrhagic virus be sprayed? Does it have to be coughed, or can it be frozen, then sprayed? Who would have an incentive for doing such, who has the background to develop such and why? How can people be informed to learn what to watch for.

If it came from BATS or rodents, do people eat or are otherwise exposed to these vectors?

Understanding - this thread is about trying to do public service by providing useful Education hopefully valid education will help to change behaviour for the better.

PLEASE let's keep this thread doing a good service.


SOLUTIONS that look plausible or demonstrated as possible -

Going through this thread, there have been various Treatments/prevention regimine observed to be effective against filoviridae (possibly other viruses too as described in this thread -

Please refer to posts:
https://projectavalon.net/forum4/show...l=1#post882026

https://projectavalon.net/forum4/show...l=1#post870810

https://projectavalon.net/forum4/show...l=1#post871304

https://projectavalon.net/forum4/show...l=1#post871653

https://projectavalon.net/forum4/show...l=1#post868836

https://projectavalon.net/forum4/show...l=1#post862232


https://projectavalon.net/forum4/show...l=1#post862598

Early monoclonal antibody work - https://projectavalon.net/forum4/show...l=1#post866626

https://projectavalon.net/forum4/show...l=1#post861238

https://projectavalon.net/forum4/show...l=1#post861247

https://projectavalon.net/forum4/show...l=1#post861343

I want to remind folks to take a look at our Founder's thread started at:
https://projectavalon.net/forum4/show...l=1#post886496 and look at the PDF that he recommended reading, it is a short read and it talks about something that is not far fetched. It is contextual, and I believe what Bill says, this subject is something that needs proper clear thinking, and attention paid to it, to understand, to learn, to grow and my hopes are to find a solution not just to viral outbreaks, but to understand why one would develop such a weapon, or allow a disease to be used to manipulate humans for whatever purposes.. It's not for pointing fingers at TPTB but to understand and solve the fear that leads to the creations of such, to solve that..

As seen all over this forum and many others, they call it fear porn. And that's it, everyone gets their rush off the argument, and spends their time not solving anything, just venting. What is in the mind, the human condition, or the psychopathic condition or the sadistic mindset that goes after people because they are different, or bright or stupid, cause they can? What happens when that is elevated to the position of a dictator in some country far away we never hope to visit, but can arm chair complain about ?

All solution steps come from identifying what is happening, squarely viewing all aspects of the issue, understanding, then allowing compassion to appear, looking at a survival of the planet, the species, and a balance with all life. That is the ground rules for responsibility. First step, see what's happening, then look at the potential for solution. Then move forward from there with compassion..

[Violet]

Bob, there are two more cases that I have no sources for but that need attention. One is to do with refugees from lower Africa and the other with pilgrimage in SA now reaching its end.

There has been an influx of African refugees to North-Africa for years now. This is well-documented and North African countries work together with the EU to control this affair. I'm intentionally not calling it a problem because refugees are rarely the source of the misery they seek to escape from. They either stay in the North African country or cross the seas. It's hard to get a good image of the situation because these people live hidden for fear of being arrested and sent back. It is very well possible that the composition of this group of refugees now includes people fleeing from ebola infected countries. I'm not aware of North African countries openly announcing tighter controls. This is both a problem for North Africa, in the first place, and then also Europe and then the rest of the world.

Secondly, there are different pilgrimage places and traditions all of which under these circumstances are not ideal places to be as are other large (international) mixed gatherings. Currently the biggest one is ongoing in SA which has standard obligatory vaccins for pilgrims. They denied visas to pilgrims from ebola infected countries and the efficacity of this measure will only be known when the pilgrims start returning to their home countries towards the end of October.


OP Solutions Link 3 reminded me of http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20571172. Related?

[SilentFeathers]

May be true, may not be true.......

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=3zb41sCOqPw

VIDEO Description:

Published on Oct 8, 2014
Evidence now suggests the NBC cameraman contracted Ebola via airborne exposure as did the Spanish nurse. In this clip Dr. Rima Laibow CONFIRMS that Ebola is not only airborne but it is weaponized.

[Roisin]

It finally looks like some long time Ebola researchers are finally coming out of the woodwork saying things about this virus that are contrary to what those gov't appointed medical "experts" who speak to the media have been saying.

Here's an example of an article in mainstream news published online this morning that's actually being more up front about the facts about this virus..... facts that concerned citizens on Ebola already know.

Some Ebola experts worry virus may spread more easily than assumed

Sharelines:

* Ebola researcher says he would not rule out possibility that the virus spreads through air in tight quarters

* 'There are too many unknowns here,' a virologist says of how Ebola may spread

* Ebola researcher says he thinks there is a chance asymptomatic people could spread the virus

Source: http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-...ry.html#page=1

[SilentFeathers]

Posted by Roisin (here)
It finally looks like some long time Ebola researchers are finally coming out of the woodwork saying things about this virus that are contrary to what those gov't appointed medical "experts" who speak to the media have been saying.

Here's an example of an article in mainstream news published online this morning that's actually being more up front about the facts about this virus..... facts that concerned citizens on Ebola already know.

Some Ebola experts worry virus may spread more easily than assumed

Sharelines:

* Ebola researcher says he would not rule out possibility that the virus spreads through air in tight quarters

* 'There are too many unknowns here,' a virologist says of how Ebola may spread

* Ebola researcher says he thinks there is a chance asymptomatic people could spread the virus

Source: http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-...ry.html#page=1

With all the double speak and ridiculous actions we've seen lately, and now with people showing symptoms that don't have a clue how they could of caught it as they were wearing serious protective gear, it is best to err on the side of caution and seriously consider this virus is VERY possibly transmitted like the flu and or pox virus's, etc.....(thus being airborne)

[Roisin]

Posted by Violet (here)
Bob, there are two more cases that I have no sources for but that need attention. One is to do with refugees from lower Africa and the other with pilgrimage in SA now reaching its end.

There has been an influx of African refugees to North-Africa for years now. This is well-documented and North African countries work together with the EU to control this affair. I'm intentionally not calling it a problem because refugees are rarely the source of the misery they seek to escape from. They either stay in the North African country or cross the seas. It's hard to get a good image of the situation because these people live hidden for fear of being arrested and sent back. It is very well possible that the composition of this group of refugees now includes people fleeing from ebola infected countries. I'm not aware of North African countries openly announcing tighter controls. This is both a problem for North Africa, in the first place, and then also Europe and then the rest of the world.

Secondly, there are different pilgrimage places and traditions all of which under these circumstances are not ideal places to be as are other large (international) mixed gatherings. Currently the biggest one is ongoing in SA which has standard obligatory vaccins for pilgrims. They denied visas to pilgrims from ebola infected countries and the efficacity of this measure will only be known when the pilgrims start returning to their home countries towards the end of October.


OP Solutions Link 3 reminded me of http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20571172. Related?

All we have to do is put ourselves in their positions, like people living in those slums in Liberia, to know that if there was even only a remote chance of getting out of those slums and hiking to North Africa to escape Ebola, we would do that.

So it seems to me that at this point in time, we have very little information on how many people from those slums are walking past borders in neighboring countries to escape Ebola.... yet, we also know that many of them may be infected with it.

[SilentFeathers]

Some of these "suspected cases" may in fact be CRISIS ACTORS.......go figure huh?

Hospitals secretly send in actors to fake symptoms, test staff

[thunder24]

posting this here, cause of title saying bio-weapon, this to me are signs of said such, if not hints or leaks to those with eyes to see it... mayb its just me...

Russia Today: Killer cost of Ebola: World Bank warns of $33bn doomsday scenario
http://rt.com/business/194408-total-...conomy-africa/

The spread of Ebola presents a $33 billion threat to West African economies says the World Bank. Meanwhile, the rest of the world is pouring billions into halting the deadliest Ebola outbreak in history, from airport screenings to military aid in Africa. .....

In a worst case scenario, in the next four months there could be 1.4 million Ebola cases, according to a September 23 report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This would be a 175-fold increase from the current 8,033 cases. So far 3,879 people have died from the outbreak, with the majority of deaths occurring in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone....
In the event of a ‘High Ebola’ scenario which sees the disease spreading to Ghana, Nigeria, and Senegal, it would cost the region $32.6 billion, or 3.3 percent of regional GDP. The region would lose $7.4 billion in 2014 and an additional $25.2 billion in 2015..

i find the 33's throughout the past "conspiracies" and continueing today..... mayb something mayb nothing, but just an observation....

[conk]

And this is not even up to date!

[SilentFeathers]

History has somewhat proven that drills are sometimes, well, prophetic.......

Here's one yesterday in NC.

Marine Corps Air Station New River on Wednesday held a full-scale pandemic outbreak drill where health officials and Marines responded to a smallpox outbreak that “occurred” aboard the installation.

Officials decided to incorporate administering inoculations during the exercise so that it would more accurately portray an outbreak situation where medical personnel would be required to screen and administer vaccinations.

During the exercise, Marines from various squadrons aboard the station formed single file lines and filled out forms before getting their body temperatures taken by Navy corpsmen. From there, each Marine enters the building also known as the Point of Dispersion, or POD, where flu shots were given out.

http://www.jdnews.com/news/military/...1.384166?tc=cr

Notice how they are filling out forms before even getting their temperature taken???? Then getting vaccinated.

Sounds like mandatory registering with Obamacare, getting your temperature taken, then getting a mandatory jab in the arm regardless if your feverish or not. (yes, I have an imagination, that often times comes in to being reality).....

[TargeT]

Posted by SilentFeathers (here)
Some of these "suspected cases" may in fact be CRISIS ACTORS.......go figure huh?

Hospitals secretly send in actors to fake symptoms, test staff

This is more and more seeming to be another "operation" very possibly almost completely fake with just a few actual cases;

Don't worry though, when the OP comes back he will flood the thread with "updates" and push all these comments out of most peoples view and we can get back to the fear fest.

[SilentFeathers]

Posted by TargeT (here)

Posted by SilentFeathers (here)
Some of these "suspected cases" may in fact be CRISIS ACTORS.......go figure huh?

Hospitals secretly send in actors to fake symptoms, test staff

This is more and more seeming to be another "operation" very possibly almost completely fake with just a few actual cases;

Don't worry though, when the OP comes back he will flood the thread with "updates" and push all these comments out of most peoples view and we can get back to the fear fest.

I personally think this is a manufactured crisis and rather quite real, killing more than just a few. there is more than enough evidence showing ebola is a real virus and more likely than not a bio-weapon created by a sick in the head agency, being used right now to cause chaos and fear. Most of the information Bob has posted basically backs up this "theory".

With that being said, it is very obvious to me that it (ebola) is being exploited for several other possible agenda's too, most of us here know this basically beyond any doubt....."never let a good crisis go to waste".

I don't think Bob is fear-mongering, he seems to be more a less posting every bit of information he can find on this subject. I personally think your recent comment is a cheap shot at him.

I do hear what you are saying though and this whole scenario does have a smell about it like Sandy Hook and what some other like events smelled like.

Hopefully this will help.....(I wrote this earlier today)

Every one needs to pay attention to something....I got bored with johnny quest and speed racer many years ago and started to pay attention to more things that seemed more real. Today, these things that once seemed more real have become even more real but quite unreal at the same time.
I have come to the conclusion that for some reason reality itself is becoming unreal, or appearing to be unreal, and things that are unreal are becoming or appearing to be real......
In short, there is a massive amount of manipulation and deception going on, more than ever before.....and those that are noticing this are considered insane and confused and those that play along with it and make no sense are considered sane........thus the real is unreal and the unreal is real.....
Confused yet????????????????????

[Tesla_WTC_Solution]

Seattle Times citing Ebola experts with concerns regarding the MSM saying Ebola is not airborne.
With good luck an airborne strain will lose some virulence due to the balance of nature, but with bad bad luck we could be wiped out lol...

http://seattletimes.com/html/nationw...ansmitxml.html

"Other public-health officials have voiced similar assurances, saying Ebola is spread only through physical contact with a symptomatic individual or their bodily fluids. “Ebola is not transmitted by the air. It is not an airborne infection,” said Dr. Edward Goodman of Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital in Dallas, where the Liberian patient remains in critical condition.

Yet some scientists who have long studied Ebola say such assurances are premature — and they are concerned about what is not known about the current strain. It is an Ebola outbreak like none seen before, jumping from the bush to urban areas, giving the virus more opportunities to evolve as it passes through multiple human hosts."