Interesting Radiation

[shaberon]

I knew this would happen. Just not how.

The idea is just posts of things that lack much development, are not really worth a stand-alone thread, just being small amounts of new information.



Amaterasu, the unusual ray:

Utah-based researchers have picked up on an extremely rare cosmic ray that seemingly reached Earth from an utterly distant space void. The discovery has produced numerous scientific debates regarding its origin and further impact on physics.

A research group working on the Telescope Array Collaboration project hosted at the University of Utah has detected an ultra-high-energy cosmic ray that appears to have no clear origin.

The astronomers are puzzled by the fact that the ray seemingly emerged from a virtually empty void in space.

Speculation But No Consensus

Detecting cosmic rays is part of the day-to-day work routine for astronomers all around the world. The sun emits streams of energy particles that telescopes identify as mere “noise”. These streams are classified as “low energy” cosmic rays. Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), however, are a totally different beast. Detecting a UHECR is a once-in-a-blue-moon occurrence and breeds a great deal of conjecture.

These cosmic events are exceedingly rare - to the point where the researchers claim that UHECR detections happen less than one particle per century per square kilometer. The researchers remain divided on the root of the phenomenon since nothing in our galaxy has the power to produce it.

A similar ray (later called the Oh-My-God particle) was detected in Utah's Fly’s Eye experiment in 1991. The particle had more energy than theoretically conceivable for cosmic rays traveling to Earth from other galaxies. To put it bluntly, the particle should not exist.

The recent UHECR is even more baffling since it supposedly came from a nearly empty area of deep space. Black holes, gamma-ray bursts, and active galactic nuclei are believed to have something to do with the ray, but it is still up for debate.

The Power of Thanos Compared To Human Particle Accelerators

For a cosmic ray to fall under the UHECR category, its energy must exceed one exa-electron volt (Eev). This is a million times the energy reached by the most advanced artificial particle accelerators. The UHECR detected by the Utah team showed an estimated energy of roughly 244 EeV. The ray was poetically called Amaterasu (named after the goddess of the sun in Japanese mythology).

“No promising astronomical object matching the direction from which the cosmic ray arrived has been identified, suggesting possibilities of unknown astronomical phenomena and novel physical origins beyond the Standard Model,” said Professor Toshihiro Fujii from the Graduate School of Science and Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics at Osaka Metropolitan University.

Mysterious Origin Challenges Physics As We Know It

The astronomers published their research conclusions in the Science journal, concluding that the rare space phenomena might involve aspects of particle physics still unknown to scientists. The Oh-My-God and the Amaterasu particles were identified using different monitoring methods, confirming that while these cases are extremely uncommon; ultra-high energy events are indeed real.

As such, the mysterious origins of Amaterasu might directly challenge existing knowledge regarding UHECR sources and behavior, scientists claim.

[Johnnycomelately]

I might be wrong, but I thought all of these high energy particles are ionized atoms, and thus their movement is subject to magnetic fields. Every galaxy has a magnetic field, and intergalactic electrical currents (Birkland currents?) also present magnetic fields. So how is the origin direction/point known?

That energy unit, “exa” electron volt, is new to me. Have not yet looked it up, wish they would have said how many zeros.

The highest energy ones I’m familiar with are the galactic cosmic “rays”, which can be much faster than ejecta from our star (at least normally, not sure about the Sol-micronova situation). Apparently these GCRs, and or their “daughter products” after collisions in the atmosphere, can penetrate even into the planet. Health/mental-health problems in biological life (incl us), and thickening of some types of magma so an imminent eruption would be more explosive, like Krakatoa.

Our shield against these high energy ions, our earth’s magnetic field, is weakening. Best advice I’ve heard is, we are electrical things too, and we also have this power that is known by science as the Placebo Effect.

[shaberon]

Posted by Johnnycomelately (here)
I might be wrong, but I thought all of these high energy particles are ionized atoms, and thus their movement is subject to magnetic fields.

Yes I noticed the ray was not identified. There perhaps is a better report somewhere. A "particle" is not usually an atom, but could be an electron stripped from one.

Whatever it is, was unusually 244 million times more powerful than CERN, lacking any evident source.

Ionized material is usually Plasma--which is linked to a pretty good thread we did on it. Rather in-depth. For example, the Electric Individual as evidenced by current in the nerves is very nearly primitive compared to the "Plasma Individual" and there are so many kinds of plasmas we don't have appropriate names for them all yet. It has been found there are solid and liquid plasmas as well as the gaseous of which sun and stars are mainly composed. That is a really big subject I would recommend for everybody as it could perhaps be called "evidence of reality", macrocosm to microcosm.


At the end of it I put a thing which is what made me think about a thread that would just have a lot of stuff on one page, rather than individual threads for things that are not ongoing subjects. This is a similarly weird radiation as the previous.



Humanity, meet The Finch:





Luminous Fast Blue Optical Transients

Until this point, LFBOTs had been associated with galaxies, but what Hubble found was astounding: The Finch was in intergalactic space, about 50,000 light-years from one large galaxy and 15,000 light-years from another smaller one.


LFBOTs are kind of like supernovas or gamma ray bursts, but they’re much brighter than supernovae and they shine in bright blue light and also emit a lot of radio waves, ultraviolet rays, and x-rays, but not much else. They also only last for a few days, whereas supernovae typically last for weeks or months.

During the brief time The Finch stuck around, it was also observed by the Gemini South telescope in Chile, the Very Large Array radio telescope, and the Hubble Space Telescope and Chandra X-ray Observatory in Earth orbit.

Gemini was able to tell through spectral analysis that The Finch was about 20,000 degrees Celsius, well short of a supernova or even of a massive star but much hotter than our sun, for example. The light’s red-shift showed it occurred about 3 billion light-years away, which is why the Hubble’s massive eye was called on to check it out.

[Johnnycomelately]

I appreciate your response, brother.

Fast electrons are indeed more numerous, they come from the Sun, and are called rhe Solar Wind. Apparently the star’s corona opens up in spots, “coronal holes”, and those blasts influence things too.

Plasma is interesting. My best input on that, ongoing, is the (~) LLPFusion yutetoob chan. Eric Lerner. But no wacky plasma people for me.

[shaberon]

Posted by Johnnycomelately (here)
But no wacky plasma people for me.

We didn't find much of that.

We do find for example, plasma being used as a common disinfectant in foodservice.

The west as a whole is in a fifty year deficit on research, as this kind of thing was seen of less value than weaponry.

There is, of course, the running dispute between Plasma as the governor of a Steady State Universe, versus Relativity and the Big Bang. This perhaps is less significant than the many applied uses of plasma in the current universe.

The above two examples are superficially similar to the Big Bang--a powerful ray or a brilliant light emitted by...space?

Neither one however being observed to produce matter.


Here is a bit more on the UHECR riddle:


1 EeV (10^18 eV)

Whatever they are or wherever they’re from, these particles can be anything between 10^18 eV and 10^20 eV. Given that the top particle energy at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider is about 10^13 eV, some of these particles are a million times more energetic than anything we can fashion at the most powerful particle accelerator on the planet. Quite simply, they’re the most energetic particles ever seen in nature.

Known as ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), these particles were discovered in 1962. They’re the super-energetic brethren of common-or-garden cosmic rays, which were first spotted by Austrian scientist Victor Hess during a famous series of daring hot-air balloon flights 50 years earlier. But while we know a great deal about regular cosmic rays, what UHECRs are made from, where in the heavens they come from and what accelerates them remain a mystery.

Fortunately, some UHECRs occasionally rain down on planet Earth. When one such ray enters the atmosphere, it collides with air molecules, which in turn knock into other particles, resulting in a cascade effect all the way to the ground. The result is a shower of particles spread over an area 5 km wide at the Earth’s surface.

Data gathered over decades prove that low-energy cosmic rays – which are mostly protons, nuclei and electrons – appear to come from all directions in the sky. Scientists attribute this spread to the rays being deflected in all directions by the magnetic fields that permeate our galaxy, which rules out all hope of ever zeroing in on their source directly. UHECRs are another matter. They power through galactic magnetic fields so well that they are deflected by only a few degrees.

When Auger scientists applied this method, they expected the highest-energy UHECRs to be simply made of protons. Instead, they found something strange. As the energy of the UHECRs increased from 10^18 eV to 10^20 eV, so did the mass. “We start with a lot of protons around 10^19 eV,” explains Engel. “Then all of a sudden, there’s a drastic change to helium [nuclei] and then elements in the range of carbon and nitrogen.”

illustration of the shower of particles created by Amaterasu as it entered the atmosphere above the Telescope Array in Utah:







That might have been a single carbon atom, much more powerful than any particle mankind can produce.

Like plasma, this causes a split in the community, some thinking the Standard Model must explain it, and those who expect something additional at work.

Because not very many are detected, any solutions will be slow in the making.



The opposite, I suppose, is a Laser, a highly regulated form of radiation. They are called "monochromatic" light but this is not quite true...they have a ~20 nm bandwidth, which winds up being tight enough for them to have their predictable effects. If I said it was a 700 nm laser, that would be its peak frequency, but it contains 690-710 nm wavelengths compressed in a narrow beam.

There is only one way to obtain a truly pure monochromatic 700 nm beam.

The beam's existence would have to contain all of Time.

As far as I know, nothing ever observed equates to this.

If time has no beginning, then it never will be observed.

I am not sure that "cosmic origin" would be very useful knowledge, compared to observations, which inform us about the construction of solar systems and the organisms that dwell in them. Emanation of energy from the quantum flux of vacuum happens constantly, so that aspect does not require a "beginning" either. The ability to organize and also "protect" from multiple incoming hazards is quite amazing.

[amor]

Here are some thoughts off-the-cuff from a non-physicist. Suppose this energy was emitted from a powerful Starship which was Cloaked so that it could not be seen by a telescope?

Then there is the possibility of a traveling beam which rebuilds itself as it travels. Would it not then be powerful enough to penetrate everything?

Another thought arises. It appears that the Universe could be Toroidal in shape. How can a most powerful speeding, self-rectifying or generating beam complete a straight line in an ultimately interfolding construct as a Torroid?

One quick possibility is that just as the cosmic MIND CONSTRUCT can communicate instantaneously, bypassing the IDEA of SPACE AND TIME, communication becomes instantaneous and most powerful. This is METAPHYSICS which bypasses the seeming rules of physics, cutting across the constructs we create to envision a Universe. In this case, the THINKER of the idea is ALSO THE RECEIVER, bypassing the thoughts of space, and hence, separation, altogether.

Further discussion on METAPHYSICS is welcomed.

[shaberon]

Posted by amor (here)
It appears that the Universe could be Toroidal in shape. How can a most powerful speeding, self-rectifying or generating beam complete a straight line in an ultimately interfolding construct as a Torroid?

Speaking from the view of scientific training I would say this.

I am not sure about the "universe", but, as to a Toroid being perhaps the primary configuration of forces, there is at least one post on that in the Plasma thread.

I would suggest prowling through there because it has a lot of Metaphysics. Reason being that the same Toroid works in cold space as it does in a living being because of Plasma. In terms of "where science and spirituality meet" I would say it is definitely in there.

Plasma is observable. In essence I would be willing to agree that the illusion of Space can be removed. What that mainly says to me are that there are not more than three dimensions, or, there is nothing other than the third dimension. The other ones exist in mathematical String Theory, which is not an observation. Subjectivity interfaces with Plasma and dimensionless-ness, and I am still unaware of it attaching to String Theory.

I would encourage those types of posts in the Plasma thread. The ones here are intended to be observation-based; I have no idea how I, personally, could harness or use The Finch, but it appears in terms of human health, plasma is much more significant than electricity. We experience it continually. This is something we can be assured of.

If something to me is objectively and subjectively too conjectural, then, I just don't know.

[Johnnycomelately]

Here is a vid about this event, posted by Bluegreen up on the Ranch thread, #36146. L = 4:05.

Posted by Bluegreen (here)


Energetic Particle Strikes the Earth



Credit: Osaka Metropolitan U./L-INSIGHT, Kyoto U./Ryuunosuke Takeshige




“It was one of the most energetic particles ever known to strike the Earth! – but where did it come from? Dubbed Amaterasu after the Shinto sun goddess, this particle, as do all cosmic rays that strike the Earth's atmosphere, caused an air shower of electrons, protons, and other elementary particles to spray down onto the Earth below! In the featured illustration, a cosmic ray air shower is pictured striking the Telescope Array in Utah, USA, which recorded the Amaterasu event in 2021 May! Cosmic ray air showers are common enough that you likely have been in a particle spray yourself, although you likely wouldn't have noticed! The origin of this energetic particle, likely the nucleus of an atom, remains a mystery in two ways! First, it is not known how any single particle or atomic nucleus can practically acquire so much energy, and second, attempts to trace the particle back to where it originated have been unsuccessful! Have a great day, everyone, and I will see you in class!”

(4:05)

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=7BTU376FxKo

[amor]

Response to Shaberon, Post #7: I do thank you for guiding me to the correct category for my subject. After all these years on Avalon, I am only now discovering the careful organization of its subject matter. Unfortunately, although it was my intellectual leaning to study and possibly become an Astronomer or physicist (the math stagnated my wild imagination) - How can you pin down something that explodes with the creativity of God's mind who, I feel certain, visualizes, in living color, what must be going on in his creation?

Back to the idea that the observed radiation came from the "proton accelerator" of a lightening fast Starship, which explains its invisibility. When the protons collided with an object, those traveling behind it would catch up with those in front and register as heavier molecules. Now don't laugh yourself silly at me. Remember, I am an academically non-brainwashed ninny who has no recourse but to think in pictures, a la Startreck verbage. Thanks for your help. That's what makes Avalon fun.

To Johnnycomelately: Your imaginative picture helped me to visualize why the atomic particles increased in mass and structure as they hit a target. PS I once had a cat that looks like your picture (named Kim).

[shaberon]

Posted by amor (here)
Unfortunately, although it was my intellectual leaning to study and possibly become an Astronomer or physicist (the math stagnated my wild imagination) - How can you pin down something that explodes with the creativity of God's mind who, I feel certain, visualizes, in living color, what must be going on in his creation?

Plato does this.

Here is a thread where we discussed Dimensions which has at least one iteration of the Platonic Solids.


I am not entirely sure what you mean by "pin down", but I might say that Science consists of Measurements that can be repeated, which is Objective. So, all I would need is some instructions, and I could make the device that levitates a plasma ring in ordinary air.

That is not what I personally call Truth, which has only one measuring device, the human being, which is also Subjective. To be true, something must be actually useful and hold value, particularly in terms of maintaining a state of happiness.

Our dilemma is that the Natural Sciences such as Astrology and Alchemy, which were understood by most as being spirit-ized, were reformed by a Dead Souls school, leaving us with Material Science.

Plasma is disproving Dead Souls.


In keeping with it, radiation is also interesting from the well-observed Supernova:

The earliest possible recorded supernova, known as HB9, could have been viewed by unknown prehistoric people of the Indian subcontinent and then recorded on a rock carving, since found in Burzahama region in Kashmir and dated to 4500±1000 BC.

Later, SN 185 was documented by Chinese astronomers in AD 185.

The brightest recorded supernova was SN 1006, which occurred in AD 1006 in the constellation of Lupus. This event was described by observers in China, Japan, Iraq, Egypt, and Europe. In The Book of Healing, Iranian philosopher Ibn Sina reported observing this supernova from northeastern Iran. He reported it as a transient celestial object which was stationary and/or tail-less (a star among the stars), that it remained for close to 3 months getting fainter and fainter until it disappeared, that it threw out sparks, that is, it was scintillating and very bright, and that the color changed with time.


Some sources state that the star was bright enough to cast shadows; it was certainly seen during daylight hours for some time.

According to Songshi, the official history of the Song Dynasty (sections 56 and 461), the star seen on May 1, 1006, appeared to the south of constellation Di, between Lupus and Centaurus. It shone so brightly that objects on the ground could be seen at night.

Research has suggested that type Ia supernovae can irradiate the Earth with significant amounts of gamma-ray flux, compared with the typical flux from the Sun, up to distances on the order of 1 kiloparsec. SN 1006 lies well beyond 1 kiloparsec, and it did not appear to have significant effects on Earth. However, a signal of its outburst can be found in nitrate deposits in Antarctic ice.

I suppose if you are anywhere near the event you will suffer tremendously. It is afterwards they become nurseries:

The widely observed supernova SN 1054 produced the Crab Nebula.


SN 1054 is a supernova that was first observed on c. 4 July 1054, and remained visible until c. 6 April 1056.

The Crab Nebula (catalogue designations M1, NGC 1952, Taurus A) is a supernova remnant and pulsar wind nebula in the constellation of Taurus. It is located in the sky near the star Zeta Tauri (ζ Tauri).

At an apparent magnitude of 8.4, comparable to that of Saturn's moon Titan, it is not visible to the naked eye but can be made out using binoculars under favourable conditions.

visible 550 nm:





One of the many nebular components (or anomalies) of the Crab Nebula is a helium-rich torus which is visible as an east–west band crossing the pulsar region. The torus composes about 25% of the visible ejecta. However, it is suggested by calculation that about 95% of the torus is helium. As yet, there has been no plausible explanation put forth for the structure of the torus.








The next two diminished, requiring 1900s telescopes to see them.

At or about the magnitude of Venus, watched by John Dee 1572:


In England, Queen Elizabeth had the mathematician and astrologer Thomas Allen come and visit "to have his advice about the new star that appeared in the Swan or Cassiopeia ... to which he gave his judgement very learnedly", as the antiquary John Aubrey recorded in his memoranda a century later.

The supernova remained visible to the naked eye into early 1574, gradually fading until it disappeared from view.

Ophiuchus 1604:


Visible to the naked eye, Kepler's Star was brighter at its peak than any other star in the night sky, with an apparent magnitude of −2.5. It was visible during the day for over three weeks. Records of its sighting exist in European, Chinese, Korean, and Arabic sources.

Kepler was only able to begin his observations on 17 October while working at the imperial court in Prague for Emperor Rudolf II.

Only filaments can be seen in visible light, but it is a strong radio and X-ray source.

Composite:






X-ray:

No further supernovae have since been observed with certainty in the Milky Way, though many others outside the galaxy have been seen since S Andromedae in 1885. SN 1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud was visible to the naked eye.

Both the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds have been easily visible for southern nighttime observers well back into prehistory.

The closest supernova observed since the invention of the telescope, Supernova 1987A, occurred in the outskirts of the Tarantula Nebula. There is a prominent supernova remnant enclosing the open cluster NGC 2060, but the remnants of many other supernovae are difficult to detect in the complex nebulosity.

The Tarantula Nebula has an apparent magnitude of 8. Considering its distance of about 49 kpc (160,000 light-years), this is an extremely luminous non-stellar object. Its luminosity is so great that if it were as close to Earth as the Orion Nebula, the Tarantula Nebula would cast visible shadows. In fact, it is the most active starburst region known in the Local Group of galaxies.

Johann Bode included the Tarantula in his 1801 Uranographia star atlas and listed it in the accompanying Allgemeine Beschreibung und Nachweisung der Gestirne catalogue as number 30 in the constellation "Xiphias or Dorado". Instead of being given a stellar magnitude, it was noted to be nebulous.

That is a tiny speck in the Magellanic Clouds which we are not used to: