The Mechanics of the Matrix

[Jeffrey]

Ball Lightning as a Self-Organized Complexity

[Jeffrey]

The following article was copied and pasted directly from the Astrobiology Magazine's webpage linked to at the bottom of this post.

*BEGIN EXCERPT*

'It might be life, Jim...'
Based on a Institute of Physics news release

Summary: Physicists have discovered life-like structures that form from inorganic substances in space. The findings
hint at the possibility that life beyond Earth may not necessarily use carbon-based molecules as its building blocks.

Physicists Discover Inorganic Dust with Lifelike Qualities

Could extraterrestrial life be made of corkscrew-shaped particles of interstellar dust? Intriguing new evidence of life-like structures that form from inorganic substances in space are revealed in the New Journal of Physics. The findings hint at the possibility that life beyond Earth may not necessarily use carbon-based molecules as its building blocks. They also point to a possible new explanation for the origin of life on Earth.

Researchers have demonstrated the formation of microscopic
strands of helical structures in plasma clouds. The researchers
say that these structures undergo changes that are normally
associated with biological molecules like DNA and proteins - such
as dividing and forming copies of the original structure.
Credit: Tsytovich, V.N. et al. 2007

Life on Earth is organic. It is composed of organic molecules, which are simply the compounds of carbon, excluding carbonates and carbon dioxide. The idea that particles of inorganic dust may take on a life of their own is nothing short of alien, going beyond the silicon-based life forms favored by some science fiction stories.

Now, an international team has discovered that under the right conditions, particles of inorganic dust can become organized into helical structures. These structures can then interact with each other in ways that are usually associated with organic compounds and life itself.

V.N. Tsytovich of the General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Science, in Moscow, working with colleagues there and at the Max-Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics in Garching, Germany and the University of Sydney, Australia, has studied the behavior of complex mixtures of inorganic materials in a plasma. Plasma is essentially the fourth state of matter beyond solid, liquid and gas, in which electrons are torn from atoms leaving behind a miasma of charged particles.

Until now, physicists assumed that there could be little organization in such a cloud of particles. However, Tsytovich and his colleagues demonstrated, using a computer model of molecular dynamics, that particles in a plasma can undergo self-organization as electronic charges become separated and the plasma becomes polarized. This effect results in microscopic strands of solid particles that twist into corkscrew shapes, or helical structures. These helical strands are themselves electronically charged and are attracted to each other.

Many of the ingredients for life as we know it formed in outer
space. The Earth formed from star dust, and later meteorites
and comets delivered even more materials to our planet.
But scientists are still unsure which molecules played the most
important roles in life's origin. Credit: European Space Agency

Quite bizarrely, not only do these helical strands interact in a counterintuitive way in which like can attract like, but they also undergo changes that are normally associated with biological molecules, such as DNA and proteins, say the researchers. They can, for instance, divide, or bifurcate, to form two copies of the original structure. These new structures can also interact to induce changes in their neighbours and they can even evolve into yet more structures as less stable ones break down, leaving behind only the fittest structures in the plasma.

So, could helical clusters formed from interstellar dust be somehow alive? "These complex, self-organized plasma structures exhibit all the necessary properties to qualify them as candidates for inorganic living matter," says Tsytovich, "they are autonomous, they reproduce and they evolve".

He adds that the plasma conditions needed to form these helical structures are common in outer space. However, plasmas can also form under more down to Earth conditions such as the point of a lightning strike. The researchers hint that perhaps an inorganic form of life emerged on the primordial Earth, which then acted as the template for the more familiar organic molecules we know today.

*END EXCERPT*

Source: http://www.astrobio.net/pressrelease...ht-be-life-jim

There is more information about this on page 3-4 of this thread as well as speculative (but equally as interesting) theories for it's implications regarding various "fringe" science or "metaphysical" phenomena (pages 1 and 2 I think). Incredible stuff.

[Jeffrey]

The following article was copied and pasted from http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/rb...tmosphere.html

The Electric Atmosphere: Plasma Is Next NASA Science Target


Two giant donuts of charged particles called the Van Allen Belts surround Earth. Credit: NASA/T. Benesch, J. Carns

Our day-to-day lives exist in what physicists would call an electrically neutral environment. Desks, books, chairs and bodies don't generally carry electricity and they don't stick to magnets. But life on Earth is substantially different from, well, almost everywhere else. Beyond Earth's protective atmosphere and extending all the way through interplanetary space, electrified particles dominate the scene. Indeed, 99% of the universe is made of this electrified gas, known as plasma.

Two giant donuts of this plasma surround Earth, trapped within a region known as the Van Allen Radiation Belts. The belts lie close to Earth, sandwiched between satellites in geostationary orbit above and satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO) are generally below the belts. A new NASA mission called the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP), due to launch in August 2012, will improve our understanding of what makes plasma move in and out of these electrified belts wrapped around our planet.

"We discovered the radiation belts in observations from the very first spacecraft, Explorer 1, in 1958" says David Sibeck, a space scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., and the mission scientist for RBSP. "Characterizing these belts filled with dangerous particles was a great success of the early space age, but those observations led to as many questions as answers. These are fascinating science questions, but also practical questions, since we need to protect satellites from the radiation in the belts."

The inner radiation belt stays largely stable, but the number of particles in the outer one can swell 100 times or more, easily encompassing a horde of communications satellites and research instruments orbiting Earth. Figuring out what drives these changes in the belts, requires understanding what drives the plasma.

Video: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/video...a_id=148559091


Plasmas seethe with complex movement. They generally flow along a skeletal structure made of invisible magnetic field lines, while simultaneously creating more magnetic fields as they move. Teasing out the rules that govern such a foreign environment – one that can only be studied from afar – lies at the heart of understanding a range of events that make up space weather, from giant explosions on the sun to potentially damaging high energy particles in near-Earth environs.

To distinguish between a host of theories developed over the years on plasma movement in those near-Earth environs, RBSP scientists have designed a suite of instruments to answer three broad questions. Where do the extra energy and particles come from? Where do they disappear to, and what sends them on their way? How do these changes affect the rest of Earth's magnetic environment, the magnetosphere? In addition to its broad range of instruments, the RBSP mission will make use of two spacecraft in order to better map out the full spatial dimensions of a particular event and how it changes over time.

Scientists want to understand not only the origins of electrified particles – possibly from the solar wind constantly streaming off the sun; possibly from an area of Earth's own outer atmosphere, the ionosphere – but also what mechanisms gives the particles their extreme speed and energy.

"We know examples where a storm of incoming particles from the sun can cause the two belts to swell so much that they merge and appear to form a single belt," says Shri Kanekal, RBSP's deputy project scientist at Goddard. "Then there are other examples where a large storm from the sun didn't affect the belts at all, and even cases where the belts shrank. Since the effects can be so different, there is a joke within the community that 'If you've seen one storm . . . You've seen one storm.' We need to figure out what causes the differences."

There are two broad theories on how the particles get energy: from radial transport or in situ. In radial transport, particles move perpendicular to the magnetic fields within the belts from areas of low magnetic strength far from Earth to areas of high magnetic strength nearer Earth. The laws of physics dictate that particle energies correlate to the strength of the magnetic field, increasing as they move towards Earth. The in situ theory posits that electromagnetic waves buffet the particles -- much like regular pushes on a swing -- successively raising their speed (and energy).

As for how the particles leave the belts, scientists again agree on two broad possibilities: particles go up, or they go down. Perhaps they travel down magnetic field lines toward Earth, out of the belts into the ionosphere, where they stay part of Earth's magnetic system with the potential to return to the belts at some point. Or they are transported up and out, on a one-way trip to leave the magnetosphere forever and enter interplanetary space.


"In reality, the final answers may well be a combination of the basic possibilities," says Sibeck. "There may be, and probably are, multiple processes at multiple scales at multiple locations. So RBSP will perform very broad measurements and observe numerous attributes of waves and particles to see how each event influences others."

To distinguish between the wide array of potential theories – not to mention combinations thereof – the instruments on RBSP will be equipped to measure a wide spectrum of information. RBSP will measure a host of different particles, including hydrogen, helium and oxygen, as well as measure magnetic fields and electric fields throughout the belts, both of which can guide the movement of these particles.

RBSP will also measure a wide range of energies from the coldest particles in the ionosphere to the most energetic, most dangerous particles. Information about how the radiation belts swell and shrink will help improve models of Earth's magnetosphere as a whole.

"Particles from the radiation belts can penetrate into spacecraft and disrupt electronics, short circuits or upset memory on computers," says Sibeck. "The particles are also dangerous to astronauts traveling through the region. We need models to help predict hazardous events in the belts and right now we are aren’t very good at that. RBSP will help solve that problem."

While the most immediate practical need for studying the radiation belts is to understand the space weather system near Earth and to protect humans and precious electronics in space from geomagnetic storms, there is another reason scientists are interested in this area. It is the closest place to study the material, plasma, that pervades the entire universe. Understanding this environment so foreign to our own is crucial to understanding the make up of every star and galaxy in outer space.

The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) built and will operate the twin RBSP spacecraft for NASA’s Living With a Star program, which is managed by Goddard Space Flight Center for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate.

Source: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/rb...tmosphere.html

[Jeffrey]

An Introduction to Kirlian Photography (IKRA 1970)

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=EnJghb8yk6c

[Jeffrey]

Earlier in the thread there were some ideas about liquid crystals and the pineal gland. Information was also provided about LCD technology and the characteristic sensitivity of liquid crystalline media to electromagnetic fields. It's on page three of the thread if you haven't read it, and this post is somewhat in the same vein as that topic. It also corresponds to, well, everything else in the thread!

LIPIDS, LIQUID CRYSTALS, and EM FIELDS

Excerpt about the lipid bilayer from Wikipedia:

The lipid bilayer is a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules.These membranes are flat sheets that form a continuous barrier around cells.The cell membrane of almost all living organisms and many viruses are made of a lipid bilayer, as are the membranes surrounding the cell nucleus and other sub-cellular structures. The lipid bilayer is the barrier that keeps ions, proteins and other molecules where they are needed and prevents them from diffusing into areas where they should not be. Lipid bilayers are ideally suited to this role because, even though they are only a few nanometers in width, they are impermeable to most water-soluble (hydrophilic) molecules.

The lipid bilayer is a very difficult structure to study because it is so thin and fragile. In spite of these limitations dozens of techniques have been developed over the last seventy years to allow investigations of its structure and function.

Overview of the Plasma Membrane and the Concepts of the Fluid Mosaic Model of the Cell

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=moPJkCbKjBs

The following paragraph is quoted from this PDF.

" ... some liquid crystalline domains are required in the [lipid] membrane for proper biological function. Some natural membranes...may also exhibit a gel to liquid phase transition, though not normally in the region of physiological temperature. Furthermore, there may be microscopic domains of lipid in biological membranes that undergo phase transitions near physiological temperatures."

The following are some excerpts of interest from an article entitled "Introduction: new directions in Liquid crystal science" from the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Journal (try saying that three times fast).

... fewer people are aware of the breadth of the subject of liquid crystals—one that represents the study of the fourth state of matter [Vivek: what about plasma?]. Liquid crystals are found as essential elements in biological systems, soaps and detergents, sensor technologies and in the manipulation of electromagnetic radiation of various wavelengths. This meeting was designed to highlight both the truly multidisciplinary nature of liquid crystal science and to feature those areas away from electro-optic displays; these issues are developed and summarized in more detail.

We are all very familiar with liquid crystals in the form of liquid crystal displays (LCDs), which now pervade many aspects of our lives. It is the display technology that has allowed the development of mobile phones, hand-held games and portable computers, and they are now driving the availability of high-quality flat-screen televisions. Yet, in these four different applications are five different configurations of LCD, each with different characteristics and each requiring different liquid crystalline materials and different control electronics.

The first session was devoted to liquid crystals in biology and Cyrus Safinya (Safinya et al. 2006) presented results on cationic liposome-DNA complexes, which are liquid crystalline materials that mimic viruses in the way they transport DNA across cell membranes. The importance of the liquid crystalline structures to biological function was discussed and he described how the mechanism of gene release from complexes in the cell cytoplasm is dependent on their precise liquid crystalline nature.

Under the conditions found in the cell nucleus, these NCPs [nucleosome core particles] can organize to form liquid crystal phases. The formation of these phases and their potential relevance to biological processes were discussed.

Here is the page with the entire article (and references): http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.o...1847/2567.full

What? DNA forms liquid crystal phases? Put that in your pipe and smoke it!

nu·cle·o·some (nkl--sm, ny-)
n.
Any of the repeating subunits of chromatin, consisting of a DNA chain coiled around a core of histones.

Source: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Nuc...+core+particle

More on NCPs here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleos..._core_particle

Here are some of the phases of the crystal structures of NCPs



Cool. Next couple of posts are along these lines.

PS: In this post - https://projectavalon.net/forum4/show...l=1#post544607 - there's a really cool video/animation depicting how DNA is packaged.

[Jeffrey]

Bioelectromagnetic Energy Fields Accelerate Wound Healing and Activate Immune Cell Function

[Jeffrey]

Clonal Selection

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=HUSDvSknIgI

Man, that video is cool! So this is the most popular theory of antibody formation.

One thing I'm interested in is EM fields and DNA. The body surely would recognize it's own DNA EM signature, and a foreign DNA EM signature would raise a red flag.



Okay so I found the PDF (above), and some articles. Here's one from PCWorld:

*BEGIN ARTICLE*

DNA Molecules Can 'Teleport,' Nobel Winner Says
By John E Dunn, Techworld.com

A Nobel Prize winning biologist has ignited controversy after publishing details of an experiment in which a fragment of DNA appeared to 'teleport' or imprint itself between test tubes.

According to a team headed by Luc Montagnier, previously known for his work on HIV and AIDS, two test tubes, one of which contained a tiny piece of bacterial DNA, the other pure water, were surrounded by a weak electromagnetic field of 7Hz.

Eighteen hours later, after DNA amplification using a polymerase chain reaction, as if by magic the DNA was detectable in the test tube containing pure water.

Oddly, the original DNA sample had to be diluted many times over for the experiment to work, which might explain why the phenomenon has not been detected before, assuming that this is what has happened.

The phenomenon might be very loosely described as 'teleportation' except that the bases project or imprint themselves across space rather than simply moving from one place to another.

To be on the safe side, Montagnier then compared the results with controls in which the time limit was lowered, no electromagnetic field was present or was present but at lower frequencies, and in which both tubes contained pure water. On every one of these, he drew a blank.

The quantum effect - the imprinting of the DNA on the water - is not in itself the most contentious element of the experiment, so much as the relatively long timescales over which it appears to manifest itself. Quantum phenomena are assumed to show their faces in imperceptible fractions of a second and not seconds minutes and hours, and usually at very low temperatures approaching absolute zero.

Revealing a process through which biology might display the underlying 'quantumness' of nature at room temperature would be startling.

Montagnier's experiment will have to be repeated by others to have any hope of being taken seriously. So far, some scientists have been publically incredulous.

"It is hard to understand how the information can be stored within water over a timescale longer than picoseconds," said the Ruhr University in Bochum's Klaus Gerwert, quoted by New Scientist magazine, which broke the story (requires registration).

What does all of this mean? It could be that the propagation of life is able to make use of the quantum nature of reality to project itself in subtle ways, as has been hinted at in previous experiments. Alternatively, it could be that life itself is a complex projection of these quantum phenomena and utterly depends on them in ways not yet understood because they are incredibly hard to detect.

Speculatively, (and Montagnier doesn't directly suggest anything so unsubstantiated), it could also be the little-understood quantum properties of the water molecule and not just its more obvious chemical bonding properties that gives it such a central role in the bio-engineering of life-forms. Water might be a good medium in which DNA can copy itself using processes that hint at quantum entanglement and 'teleportation' (our term).

Montagnier's paper goes on to discuss the phenomenon he claims to have uncovered using 'quantum field theory' within the context of his personal interest, disease propagation.

*END ARTICLE*

Source: http://www.pcworld.com/article/21676...nner_says.html

[Jeffrey]

The Coming Revolution in Wave Biology

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=-lF95adOQGU

[Jeffrey]

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=1fiJupfbSpg

¤=[Post Update]=¤

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=dMPXu6GF18M

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=yKW4F0Nu-UY

Here's the second video with a narrator and further descriptions: https://youtube.com/watch?v=GigxU...eature=related

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=RSTB57a6Uzk

[Jeffrey]

The following article is from the European Space Agency's Science and Technology website.

ISO, the hidden Universe and astro-chemistry

ESA'S Infrared Space Observatory unveils how water, organic molecules and crystals - among other molecules - form in space

The European Space Agency's Infrared Space Observatory, ISO, has been a pioneer in the challenge of unveiling the infrared face of the Universe, which remains completely hidden, invisible, to optical telescopes and to the human eye - they can detect only the so-called 'visible' light. The study of the infrared sky from space began in 1983 with ISO's predecessor, the US-Dutch-UK IRAS satellite; ISO continued the exploration with more sensitivity, wider wavelength coverage and a longer operational lifetime, as well as being operated as a true space observatory. ISO operated from November 1995 until May 1998.

The Infrared Universe looks quite different to the visible one: in the infrared sky, objects that are too cold to radiate in the visible become very bright, as do those surrounded by dust (for optical telescopes the dust forms an opaque barrier). ISO, therefore, allowed astronomers to witness for the first time processes such as the birth of a star - which takes place in dusty and cold 'cocoons' - or the metamorphosis of an old, dying star into a beautiful nebula.

ISO also proved to be a wonderful tool to unlock the chemistry of the Universe. Most atoms and molecules in space emit large amounts of energy either at radio or infrared (including very far infrared wavelengths). Until ISO most chemical compounds in space had been detected using radio and submillimetric telescopes; with ISO the list has grown with more than twenty new molecules, most of them in the solid state. Some of these newly detected compounds are complex carbonaceous molecules - an indication of the rich organic chemistry that takes place in the space between the stars.

ISO made nearly 30 000 scientific observations. Some of ISO's most celebrated findings are the following:

The water on Earth comes from space

Rings of carbon

Crystals in space

ISO saw the space `water-factories' at work

Most water on Earth was not produced here - it came from space. This is old news for astronomers, but until now water-producing factories had not been observed at work in space. Nor was it possible to trace water at the different stages of its long journey through space. Very little information about cosmic water can be obtained from the ground - primarily because the Earth's atmosphere is itself rich in water vapour and blocks our view of the water in the Universe beyond. ISO helped astronomers to reconstruct for the first time the cosmic cycle of water.




First, the ingredients: Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the Universe, and oxygen is produced at the centres of massive stars and dispersed into space by stellar winds or supernova explosions. The ideal conditions for these gases to combine are found in places such as star-forming regions, for example, the Orion Nebula. In 1997 ISO detected large quantities of water in Orion - the most studied star-forming region - and astronomers estimated that the water-production rate in the nebula could fill Earth's oceans 60 times a day. (See also ISO finds steamy cloud in interstellar space)

Some of these newly formed water molecules start to travel out into the cold of interstellar space, where they form ice grains. With time they will end up in comets or in planets like our own. ISO has also detected water in many other regions, including the galactic centre and in both newborn and dying stars.

A rich organic astro-chemistry takes place between the stars

Atoms and molecules in space are identified by comparing their spectra - a signal that is unique to each compound and hence can be used as a 'signature' - with that of known compounds obtained in the laboratory. But sometimes no match is found, and then astronomers cannot identify what molecule they have detected. That is the case with one of the most ubiquitous molecules detected so far, a group of compounds that have left their chemical fingerprint in many places in the Universe. They are known to be complex carbonaceous molecules, made of more than a hundred carbon atoms; their abundance shows that a very rich and active organic chemistry is taking place around the stars and in the space between them.

ISO confirmed the presence of these compounds in many different environments, and gave some clues about their nature. Some ISO data, for instance the very recent identification of benzene in space (See also ISO detects benzene in space) suggest that these molecules have an 'aromatic' structure, that is, they are ring-shaped molecules. That is in fact the most accepted view among astronomers, most of which already call these carbonaceous compounds 'Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons', or 'PAHs'.

The ring-shaped structure is relevant, since life as we know it is based - among other things - on the ability of the carbon atom to form ringed molecules.

Links between the rich organic astro-chemistry and the one developed in newborn planetary systems - including our own Solar System - are actively being searched for in comets and meteorites.

Crystals in space

Dust is the most abundant raw material in the Universe. Planets, comets... they are all made from reprocessed dust: particles often much smaller than one thousandth of a millimetre and of varied chemical composition. As in the case of water, there is a 'dust-cycle' taking place in the Universe. Stars expel dust when they are old, the dust forms dense clouds in interstellar space, and new stars - and often planetary systems - are formed from the dust in that cloud. When the new stars become old and expel dust themselves the cycle closes (although the dust will be more processed and therefore with a slightly different chemistry). Thanks to ISO, astronomers can now 'trace' some of this dust through different stages of its cycle.


ISO discovered in 1998 that crystallised silicates - such as the green crystal olivine - are a main component of dust. (See also The crystalline revolution: ISO's finding opens a new research field, 'astro-mineralogy' .) This triggered a `crystalline revolution' in the astronomical world, because it meant that silicates, which are a large family of compounds, could be specifically identified. Silicates are the most abundant minerals on Earth and were also known to be very common in space, but it had been assumed that cosmic dust silicates had, in general, an amorphous structure. The fact that their structure is crystalline and not amorphous allows astronomers to identify each crystal, track its presence in different regions and follow its journey through space.

So far crystalline silicates have been found in the circumstellar discs around evolved stars where they are synthesised; in comets, such as comet Hale-Bopp and in protoplanetary discs, where they act as building blocks for new planets. Experts in space chemistry still do not understand how crystalline silicates are formed, but they can already celebrate the birth of a new field of research - 'astro-mineralogy'.

Source: http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/obj...6783#TopOfPage

[Jeffrey]

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=a335mLdMsZM

Video Description from YouTube:

This artist's animation illustrates how silicate crystals like those found in comets can be created by an outburst from a growing star. It first shows a young sun-like star encircled by its planet-forming disk of gas and dust. The silicate that makes up most of the dust would have begun as non-crystallized, amorphous particles.

Then, material from the disk spirals onto the star increasing its mass and causing the star to brighten and heat up dramatically. The outburst causes temperatures to rise in the star's surrounding disk.

Next, the animation zooms into the disk to show close-ups of silicate particles. When the disk warms from the star's outburst, the amorphous particles of silicate melt. As they cool off, they transform into forsterite, a type of silicate crystal often found in comets in our solar system.

In April 2008, NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope detected evidence of this process taking place on the disk of a young sun-like star called EX Lupi.

Note: As per the article in the previous post, the silicate particles are crystalline and NOT amorphous.

[Jeffrey]

Peter Gariaev and Wave Genetics

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=RAA5El9tv3A

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=et4yvfuSv80

More on Wave Genetics - http://www.wavegenetic.com.ar/history.html

[Jeffrey]

Biophotonics

The following three paragraphs were copied and pasted from Wikipedia:

A biophoton (from the Greek βίος meaning "life" and φῶς meaning "light"), synonymous with ultraweak photon emission, low-level biological chemiluminescence, ultraweak bioluminescence, dark luminescence and other similar terms, is a photon of light emitted from a biological system and detected by biological probes as part of the general weak electromagnetic radiation of living biological cells. Biophotons and their study should not be confused with bioluminescence, a term generally reserved for higher intensity luciferin/luciferase systems.

The term biophotonics denotes a combination of biology and photonics, with photonics being the science and technology of generation, manipulation, and detection of photons, quantum units of light. Photonics is related to electronics in that it is believed that photons will play a similar central role in future information technology as electrons do today.

Biophotonics has therefore become the established general term for all techniques that deal with the interaction between biological items and photons. This refers to emission, detection, absorption, reflection, modification, and creation of radiation from biomolecular, cells, tissues, organisms and biomaterials.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biophoton

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biophotonics

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=Ljwr2YFE_8o

[Jeffrey]

Solitons (are really cool)

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=Ederft9dkag

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=Ud7STKWNmQw

In mathematics and physics, a soliton is a self-reinforcing solitary wave (a wave packet or pulse) that maintains its shape while it travels at constant speed. Solitons are caused by a cancellation of nonlinear and dispersive effects in the medium. (The term "dispersive effects" refers to a property of certain systems where the speed of the waves varies according to frequency.) Solitons arise as the solutions of a widespread class of weakly nonlinear dispersive partial differential equations describing physical systems. The soliton phenomenon was first described by John Scott Russell (1808–1882) who observed a solitary wave in the Union Canal in Scotland. He reproduced the phenomenon in a wave tank and named it the "Wave of Translation".

-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soliton

I am trying to find more information on solitons and DNA, but unfortunately the PDFs require payment to access. They are out there though.


Are solitons responsible for energy transfer in oriented DNA?


Bio-Soliton Model/Data Waves

EDIT: Okay, I found an article.

*BEGIN EXCERPT*

The reason for examining solitons in greater detail is that they are not only thought to play a role in enzyme catalysis, but are also thought to play a role in catalysis at the level of cell membranes (Sataric, Zakula, Ivik & Tuszynski, 1991), muscle function (Davydov, 1982) and, as will be discussed, in numerous other biological processes from DNA (Yakushevich 2001) to the action potential of a nerve cell (Aslanidi & Mornev 1996). The diverse biological processes that are thought to involve solitons lends weight to the proposition that there may be a common theme to all living processes.

Soliton waves (originally identified by J. Scott Russell in 1884) are non-dissipative waves that occur at the boundary between differing tendencies of waves. Thus, in water, the mathematics used to describe low amplitude waves are relatively simple -- linear in fact. Low amplitude waves have a tendency to dissipate, as when we drop a pebble in a pond and observe the waves spreading out. Also, the various frequencies that might comprise a low amplitude wave will gradually separate as a result of the different speeds at which they travel. High amplitude waves, on the other hand, behave non-linearly. They have a tendency to compress and cause criticality, white water, turbulence. However, just like low amplitude waves, the result is a rapid dissipation of energy and structure.

Right at the boundary between these two tendencies we find soliton waves. Examples of soliton waves include tsunami and certain types of vortices; Jupiter's Red Spot may well be a soliton wave. What makes these waves so interesting is their robustness. A tsunami may travel the length of the Pacific Ocean with relatively little dissipation. Soliton waves are practically frictionless. It seems that at the boundary the non-dissipative (or compressive) tendency of high amplitude waves exactly cancels out the dissipative tendency of low amplitude waves. Also, solitons can be found in a number of mediums. If physicists exactly balance two properties of light - refraction and diffraction, for example, solitons may be formed.

The robustness of solitons cannot be solely attributed to the nature of the waves themselves. There is the problem of context to be considered. A soliton was first observed in a canal. A canal is highly ordered - it has a constant width and depth. This feature of canals makes them highly favorable for the possibility of solitons occurring. Soliton waves are themselves highly structured, they embody a great deal of symmetry. Because the bottom and edges of the canal form the boundary conditions for the soliton, it is necessary that they embody a high degree of symmetry also. Thus, there is a strong relationship between the robustness of solitons and the degree of order or symmetry in the medium and boundary conditions that form their environment. In the case of solitons on membranes, there is a necessary relationship between the possibility of solitons existing and types of topological transformations which leave key geometric features unchanged (Rogers & Shadwick, 1982, p 107-110, also Rogers & Schief, 2002). Also, Lie group transformations are often used to find soliton solutions and are characterised by the fact that they involve invariance under transformation. Incidentally, Lie group transformations are used by computer scientists to design computer 'vision' systems.

The regular crystalline structure of DNA and the uniform diameter of microtubules are examples of invariance and they determine the particular solutions of solitons that can exist. As we shall see, the persistence of solitons within structured environments may well help us to understand the relationship between 'life' and the 'order' or symmetry in its environment.

This may be extremely significant. If we consider a biological structure such as DNA and consider the problem of providing energy to do work at particular locations, it would seem, at first glance, that we would require a complex external system to achieve this. However, if solitons utilise the 'order' or symmetry in a biological structures, then the structure itself may be providing the means to deliver the energy where it is required. So, the evolution of biological structures such as DNA or microtubules cannot be considered in isolation from the solitonic wave forms that they support. Conversely, if we choose to consider the evolution of life as the evolution of solitons then these cannot be considered in isolation from the material structures that support them. Life, I suggest, involves a necessary relationship between matter and energy in the form of soliton waves, such that the stability or robustness of one is dependent upon the other. As we shall see later, the brain may be a beautiful example of this synthesis.

The basic principles of cell chemistry may be significant in terms of the possibility of solitonic mechanisms also. As has been discussed, solitons may be formed at the boundary between linear and non-linear behaviour. Enzymes in the cell fall into two main groups - allestoric and non-allestoric. In non-allestoric enzyme catalysis the rate of the catalysed reaction goes up linearly with the concentration of the reagents. Conversely, allestoric enzyme catalysis gives rise to a non-linear relationship between the rate of the catalysed reaction and the concentration of reagents. The cell may indeed embody a fine balance between linear and non-linear tendencies necessary for soliton formation. Additionally, there are two further sub-groups of catalysed reaction in cell chemistry - catabolic and anabolic. Catabolic chemistry breaks large molecules into smaller molecules and anabolic chemistry builds larger molecules from smaller ones. These two aspects of cell chemistry must be finely balanced in the healthy cell. The question is - 'Might the balance between these two tendencies also give rise to solitons?'

An intriguing question arises about the possible relationship between the robust qualities of the enzyme and the robust qualities of the soliton. The soliton is not independent of the enzyme; it is expressed as movement amongst the atoms that comprise it. If solitons are indeed a principle agent of the process of catalysis then we have discovered an interesting concurrence of robustness in two seemingly different physical domains. On the one hand we have the robustness of the catalyst when considered as a physical entity, and on the other, we have the robustness of an energy wave form. I think it highly unlikely that this is mere coincidence.

[Next page - Solitons in biology]

Source: http://www.psy.cmu.edu/~davia/mbc/8start.html

*END EXCERPT*

If you click on that link there is about 15 more pages if your interested in rummaging.

[Jeffrey]

Self-Similarity and Fractals Driven by Soliton Dynamics



This PDF ties together several topics brought forth in the thread.

[Jeffrey]

Alright, I was rummaging through all of the information about Quantum Brain Dynamics linked to earlier in the thread. According to the theory there are "quantizations of thought" (think of it like little thought packets of energy) called corticons.

The concepts underlying this theory derive from the physicists, Hiroomi Umezawa and Herbert Fröhlich in the 1960s. More recently, their ideas have been elaborated by Mari Jibu and Kunio Yasue. Water comprises 70% of the brain, and quantum brain dynamics (QBD) proposes that the electric dipoles of the water molecules constitute a quantum field, referred to as the cortical field, with corticons as the quanta of the field. This cortical field is postulated to interact with quantum coherent waves generated by the biomolecules in neurons, which are suggested to propagate along the neuronal network. The idea of quantum coherent waves in the neuronal network derives from Frohlich. He viewed these waves as a means by which order could be maintained in living systems, and argued that the neuronal network could support long-range correlation of dipoles. This theory suggests that the cortical field not only interacts with the neuronal network, but also to a good extent controls it.

The proponents of QBD differ somewhat as to the way in which consciousness arises in this system. Jibu and Yasue suggest that the interaction between the energy quanta (corticons) of the quantum field and the biomolecular waves of the neuronal network produces consciousness. However, another theorist, Giuseppe Vitiello, proposes that the quantum states produce two poles, a subjective representation of the external world and also the internal self. Consciousness, according to Vitiello, is not in either the external representation or the self, but in the opening of the self to the representation of the external world.

-Wikipedia

Now, check out this book - Brain and Being - starting on page 276.

Basically, it says the theoretical "coritcon" is an actual, real thing already in quantum literature. It's called the dipolar soliton ... !

These are "thought carriers" and they are constituents of a "cortical field" as it's called in QBD theory.

This book is also worth ruffling through.

My Double Unveiled: The Dissipative Quantum Model of Brain

A few excerpts from the book in the above link:

There are excitations, called wave packets, which can be described as superposition of monochromatic waves. A wave packet arises due to constructive interference of the constituent waves in some limited space region, and negative (destructive) interference elsewhere.

There exist however excitations which do not behave as wave packets, i.e. cannot be considered as superpositions of monochromatic waves and do not spread out in dispersive media. They are stable excitations localized in a limited space region and energy is associated with them. These excitations are called solitary waves or solitons ... Due to their stability, solitons are well suited to describe transport of energy without dissipation.

By the word soliton one sometimes also means vortices, dislocations and other kinds of extended objects in realistic systems. In these cases, the stability of the soliton, which makes it so interesting, is still much greater than for other kinds of solutions for which the superposition principle can be applied: generally speaking, solitons are localized excitations arising from the balance between dispersion and nonlinearity, which propagate in a quasi-non-dissipative way.

Nonlinearity means that fields are "self-interacting" fields. One can also think in terms of the field interacting with the "reaction" field generated by itself. One can then speak of self-localization since localization arises as one of the effects of nonlinearity, i.e. of the self-interaction.

-page 38, My Double Unveiled: The Dissipative Quantum Model of Brain, by Giuseppe Vitiello

Immediately I'm thinking about the pineal gland and it's micro crystals diffracting signals from the innervating neurons (just like light and laser interferometry) and the resulting interference patterns being a "thought" ... see this post - https://projectavalon.net/forum4/show...l=1#post544607

That's in humans and some animals, but in lower vertebrates the pineal gland isn't as innervated by neurons from the bodies systems, i.e. sympathetic innervations, which is why I think they don't have a "sense of self" like higher vertebrates do).

Now, dipole solitons in space plasmas? The answer is ... yes!

Dipole Density Solitons and Solitary Dipole Vortices in an Inhomogeneous Space Plasma

Abstract:

A new type of density soliton, a dipole density soliton, as well as single dip and hump density solitons, were discovered in recent satellite observations of space plasmas. Moreover, these three kinds of density solitons are all associated with similar local electromagnetic fluctuations with Alfvén characteristics. This indicates that they originate from the same physical mechanism. We propose that the solitary plasma dipole vortex model can consistently account for these three kinds of density solitons, with the differences in their appearances attributed to the differences in the positions and directions at which the satellite crosses the solitary dipole vortex.

-Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 4346–4349 (1996)

Now, this could mean a basis of intelligence for inorganic life (or organic, look at the ESAs findings of organic molecules in space ... dusty?). Look at complex plasmas and self organizing crystals in space, coupled with dipolar solitons in space plasmas that are associated with electromagnetic (buzz word) fluctuations. Makes for some great beard stroking.

Found this book, can't get into it though: Soliton Propagation and Plasma Flow about a Dipole Magnetic Field

What say you?

[Jeffrey]

The following article was copied and pasted from the ScienceWise Magazine's website (link at bottom).

The Holographic Neurone Stimulator
When physics and biology combine


For some time neuroscientists have been using microscopic electrodes to excite nerve cells in order to study their response to various stimulation patterns and to unravel the secrets of how nerves process information. However, inserting an electrode into a dendrite only a few µm thick is a very difficult task. Doubly so if you require multiple points to be stimulated at the same time. This approach is also slow and painstaking so you can’t really select and excite a sequence of contact points anywhere near as fast as it happens in living neural networks.

This reliance on electrodes has posed some limitations on the types of experiments neurobiologists have been able to conduct. However, two neurobiologists, Dr. Christian Stricker and Prof. Steve Redman of the John Curtin School of Medical Research, have recently achieved a breakthrough in this area in a collaborative project with physicists at the ANU Department of Quantum Science.

“We were looking for a system that could generate real time images of living neurones in three spatial dimensions and then stimulate those neurones at several specific points.” Dr Stricker explains. “So we approached physicists Professor Hans Bachor and Dr. Vincent Daria to explore what we might be able to achieve collaboratively.” As often happens with collaborations, experts from diverse fields were able to pool their expertise and create a system that none of them could have built individually. The result was a new tool in neuroscience which the team have christened the Holographic Neuron Stimulator.

The Holographic Neuron Stimulator works by immersing a sample of living neurones in a solution containing neurotransmitters - a class of molecules that stimulate neuronal firing. Of course if the cells were simply bathed in active neurotransmitters they would fire constantly. So scientists have adapted a “caged” neurotransmitter molecule such that it only becomes active (or “uncaged”) in the presence of a strong light field.

In order for the system to work effectively, the triggering light has to be highly localised at selected points in space. The team decided that the best way to achieve this was to use a holographic projection technique.

A normal photographic hologram is a combination of dense and transparent regions in a photographic emulsion that don’t outwardly look like anything recognisable. But when illuminated by a broad plane coherent wave, such as that produced by an expanded laser beam, the dense and transparent regions in the hologram project an interference pattern that mimics an object in 3 dimensional space. In conventional holography, the hologram is recorded on a photographic plate using the reverse process – laser illumination of a real object and interference with a second beam. Although many holograms are recorded in this photographic way, it’s quite possible to calculate the holographic pattern of an object using optical theory alone. Such pre-calculated holographic patterns are commonly called Computer Generated Holograms (CGH). A programmable electronic light modulator can be encoded with such a CGH, and project a complex three dimensional light pattern from a single laser.

The projected light pattern from the hologram can be in the form of tiny spots of light, which could in principle be used to create bright spots within sections of neural tissue. If that tissue were surrounded by an inactive “caged” neurotransmitter solution, the holographically projected bright spots would release (or uncage) the transmitters at various points in the sample. If those points were made to correspond with the location of a nerve cell membrane, the result would be to stimulate the cell and potentially initiate a nerve impulse.

This is precisely what the Holographic Neuron Stimulator does. Using a programmable hologram to alter the shape of the laser beam and a powerful computer, the machine creates a series of patterns of spots in precisely determined locations for stimulating various sections in a neuron. This is more versatile than using a simple mask or lens. Another advantage is that it can be changed in real time allowing the light spots to be switched and moved every few milliseconds. In this way scientists can stimulate several points on the same neurone either simultaneously or in a set temporal sequence.
A significant challenge with any optical neurone stimulating system is correlating your light spots with features on the actual neurones in the sample. The Holographic Neuron Stimulator achieves this by using the same holographic technique to create a special kind of microscope known as multi-photon fluorescence microscope or MFM.

An MFM works by using a femtosecond-pulse laser to excite natural molecules in the sample into fluorescence. The simplest kind of fluorescence is when a molecule absorbs a highly energetic photon and re-emits a less energetic one. This is commonly seen when things glow under ultraviolet light. This isn’t very useful in microscopy as it would cause the entire sample to absorb light and glow at once. So the fluorescence event employed by a MFM is the absorption of two or more low-energy infrared photons to excite one molecule, which then emits in the visible spectrum. Because of quantum rules, in order to raise the energy in two jumps, both photons must be absorbed by the molecule at exactly the same time. Hence, to increase the probability of simultaneous multi-photon absorption, the density of photons at an instant of time needs to be very high, which can only be achieved in a strongly focussed pulsed-laser with pulse-width in the order of several femtoseconds (10-15 s.)

Prior to using the Holographic Neuron stimulator to excite impulses, a 3D image of the neuron sample is created by switching the system to MFM mode. By raster scanning the femtosecond-pulse laser beam across the sample very quickly, a beautiful crisp three dimensional image of the neuron is generated. Once the 3D image of the neuron is acquired, the hologram for projecting the appropriate light spot pattern is calculated and encoded on the programmable hologram.
To a neuroscientist trying to understand how billions of individual neurones integrate together to create complex structures like the human brain, this new technique offers a very exciting opportunity to do new science. “The great thing about this set up is that you can generate an image of a living neurone in situ, identify points that you wish to stimulate, then switch to stimulate mode and directly hit those points in any sequence you like. “ Dr Stricker says. “In neuroscience we are always looking to push the boundaries and this should really help us do so.” He is looking forward to the first trial runs of the stimulator.

Source: http://sciencewise.anu.edu.au/articl..._Neurone_Stimu

[Jeffrey]

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=XJk8ijAUCiI

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=4XmbFOMLTJ4

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=EKtevjrZOGs

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=u0eOuxJX36g

"In the hydrodynamic interpretation of the behaviour of electromagnetic fields, the acceleration of electric fluid in a particular direction creates a positive vortex of magnetic fluid. This in turn creates around itself a corresponding negative vortex of electric fluid." - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vortex


"In the atmospheric sciences, vorticity is the rotation of air around a vertical axis. Vorticity is a vector quantity and the direction of the vector is given by the right-hand rule with the fingers of the right hand indicating the direction and curvature of the wind. When the vorticity vector points upward into the atmosphere, vorticity is positive; when it points downward into the earth it is negative. Vorticity in the atmosphere is therefore positive for counter-clockwise rotation (looking down onto the Earth's surface), and negative for clockwise rotation.

In the Northern Hemisphere cyclonic rotation of the atmosphere is counter-clockwise so is associated with positive vorticity, and anti-cyclonic rotation is clockwise so is associated with negative vorticity. In the Southern Hemisphere cyclonic rotation is clockwise with negative vorticity; anti-cyclonic rotation is counter-clockwise with positive vorticity.

A closely related phenomenon is helicity, which is vorticity in motion along a third axis in a corkscrew fashion." - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorticity

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=5xN4DxdiFrs

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=9gneImTANqk

[Jeffrey]

3D Imaging with Laser Plasma Technology

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=EndNwMBEiVU

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=KfVS-npfVuY

[Jeffrey]

V. S. Ramachandran on the Uniqueness of Human Consciousness

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=LaVoiXbaVZU

I'm hearing Ramachandran talk and grinding it against the theory of Wave Genetics (on this page, above), complex systems, plasma crystals self organizing and passing on data, solitons, etc. It takes on a new twist.