Erupting Volcano of Mount Kelud on Java island Indonesia

[seeker/reader]

Posted by Bobd (here)
If any supervolcano erupts I think the world will certainly know about it.

The strato-volcanoes though currently erupting worldwide, especially in the Ring of Fire certainly because of their proximity to population are in-fact the more dangerous from life which has been lost. That is the point about them being the most dangerous - people are living on them and there have been recent events, dramatically killing thousands, especially in Indonesia.

People insist on living on or near such volcanoes, and apparently don't realize the danger. Look at Vesuvius in Italy. People everywhere, farms, businesses..

These Stratovolcanoes periodically light up. I haven't seen any supervolcano TG light up with as much regularity as the stratovolcanoes.. That's the point, what is dangerous now, because such is being ignored, and the frequently erupting patterns.

Post 5 above has some good references about some of the bigger eruptions and some time tables.

As you are mentioning the dangers of a super-volcano, no question, take Yellowstone Park in Wyoming/Montana/Idaho - that supervolcano should it light up fully would take out or create an extinction event..

No matter, volcanoes are something to be watched and understood as well as what drives them. There is no ignorance is bliss possible with these systems as shown.

b.

Agreed completely. Thanks for documenting all that has taken place with this most dangerous event. This is part of why I have always been fascinated by geology. Mother nature is the creator and the destroyer.

[Bob]

What is a StratoVolcano

http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volc...volc_page.html - "Stratovolcanoes, also known as composite cones, are the most picturesque and the most deadly of the volcano types."

quote from San diego State University, Department of Geology.

This classic stratovolcano shape is exemplified by many well-known stratovolcanoes, such as Mt. Fuji in Japan, Mt. Mayon in the Philippines, and Mt. Agua in Guatemala.

The variability of stratovolcanoes is evident when examining the eruptive history of individual volcanoes. Mt. Fuji and Mt. Etna, for example, are dominanted by basaltic lava flows, whereas Mt. Rainier is dominated by andesitic lava, Mt. St. Helens by andesitic-to-dacitic pyroclastic material, and Mt. Lassen by dacitic lava domes.

Stratovolcanoes typically form at convergent plate margins, where one plate descends beneath an adjacent plate at the site of a subduction zone. Examples of subduction-related stratovolcanoes can be found in many places in the world, but they are particularly abundant along the rim of the Pacific Ocean, a region known as Ring of Fire.

In the Americas, the Ring of Fire includes strato-volcanoes forming the Aleutian islands in Alaska, the crest of the Cascade Mountains in the Pacific Northwest, and the high peaks of the Andes Mountains in South America.

¤=[Post Update]=¤

Posted by seeker/reader (here)

Posted by Bobd (here)
If any supervolcano erupts I think the world will certainly know about it.

The strato-volcanoes though currently erupting worldwide, especially in the Ring of Fire certainly because of their proximity to population are in-fact the more dangerous from life which has been lost. That is the point about them being the most dangerous - people are living on them and there have been recent events, dramatically killing thousands, especially in Indonesia.

People insist on living on or near such volcanoes, and apparently don't realize the danger. Look at Vesuvius in Italy. People everywhere, farms, businesses..

These Stratovolcanoes periodically light up. I haven't seen any supervolcano TG light up with as much regularity as the stratovolcanoes.. That's the point, what is dangerous now, because such is being ignored, and the frequently erupting patterns.

Post 5 above has some good references about some of the bigger eruptions and some time tables.

As you are mentioning the dangers of a super-volcano, no question, take Yellowstone Park in Wyoming/Montana/Idaho - that supervolcano should it light up fully would take out or create an extinction event..

No matter, volcanoes are something to be watched and understood as well as what drives them. There is no ignorance is bliss possible with these systems as shown.

b.

Agreed completely. Thanks for documenting all that has taken place with this most dangerous event. This is part of why I have always been fascinated by geology. Mother nature is the creator and the destroyer.

In one of the Yellowstone super-volcano thread, we talked about a potential way to defuse the magma dome's excess heat.. I wonder though without proper plumbing to deal with the gas build-up, if that needs to be another system that needs to be addressed. I am very much appreciating the significance of the gas buildup and then catastrophic release with extreme devastation..

[Bob]

In talking about the Ring of Fire, and plates moving, subduction zones, and all that.. some discussion could help to understand this a bit better.

http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volc..._eq_plates.gif

Here is our planet's current expression of earthquakes, volcanoes and plates. Granted the resolution isn't adequate to show all possible quakes and zones, but it does illustrate the approximate locations where these events transpire.

"The most volcanically active belt on Earth is known as the Ring of Fire, a region of subduction zone volcanism surrounding the Pacific Ocean. Subduction zone volcanism occurs where two plates are converging on one another. One plate containing oceanic lithosphere descends beneath the adjacent plate, thus consuming the oceanic lithosphere into the earth's mantle. This on-going process is called subduction. As the descending plate bends downward at the surface, it creates a large linear depression called an oceanic trench. These trenches are the deepest topographic features on the earth's surface. The deepest, 11 kilometers below sealevel, is the Mariana trench, which lies along the western margin of the Ring of Fire. " (from the San Diego Dept of Geology website)

Here is another picture of the Ring of Fire

The volcanoes produced by subduction zone volcanism are typically stratovolcanoes.

Here is how the heating and melting normally happens:

Volcanic eruptions above these lithospheric plates are driven by the ascent of magma (molten rock) from deep beneath the surface.

Volcanism is typically widespread along plate boundaries.

In the Indonesian region, we see the convergence of the Eurasian, Indian-Australian, Caroline, and Philippine Sea plates and several minor plates.

The convergence between the Indian Ocean and the Eurasian plates is taking place along the Java trench. The rate of plate convergence is approximately about 6 cm/yr.

The Sunda arc, a product of plate convergence between the Indian Ocean and Eurasian plates, extend westward from Sumba passing through Java, Sumatera and the Andaman islands.

The Timor trough is the place of convergence between the continental Australian and the Eurasian plates with rate of plate convergence of about 8 cm/yr.

The seismicity in Indonesia is shown in the map below - again at the locations where the plates are interacting..

[Bob]

There was mention of different LAVA types - andesitic, basaltic..

Lava refers both to molten rock expelled by a volcano during an eruption and the resulting rock after solidification and cooling.

Basaltic magma (the internal molten rock before it is expelled as lava) is high in iron and magnesium, and is relatively low in aluminium oxides and and silica oxides, that when taken together reduces the degree of polymerization within the melt. Polymerization is the formation of longer stuck together chains of molecules, to form a cohesive bound together paste-like substance.

Andesitic lavas are lower in concentrations of aluminium and silica oxides, and usually tend to be higher in content of magnesium and iron oxides. Intermediate lavas form andesite domes and block lavas, and may occur on steep composite volcanoes, such as in the Andes. (sources wiki)

Andesitic lava tends to be a combination of oceanic and continental crusts.

This is an example of an Andesite flow on Mt Colima - Located about 125 km (75 miles) south of Guadalajara, and cutting across the Mexican states of Colima and Jalisco the 13,325 ft. Colima (19.5N, 103.5W)

[seeker/reader]

Posted by Bobd (here)
What is a StratoVolcano

http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volc...volc_page.html - "Stratovolcanoes, also known as composite cones, are the most picturesque and the most deadly of the volcano types."

quote from San diego State University, Department of Geology.

This classic stratovolcano shape is exemplified by many well-known stratovolcanoes, such as Mt. Fuji in Japan, Mt. Mayon in the Philippines, and Mt. Agua in Guatemala.

The variability of stratovolcanoes is evident when examining the eruptive history of individual volcanoes. Mt. Fuji and Mt. Etna, for example, are dominanted by basaltic lava flows, whereas Mt. Rainier is dominated by andesitic lava, Mt. St. Helens by andesitic-to-dacitic pyroclastic material, and Mt. Lassen by dacitic lava domes.

Stratovolcanoes typically form at convergent plate margins, where one plate descends beneath an adjacent plate at the site of a subduction zone. Examples of subduction-related stratovolcanoes can be found in many places in the world, but they are particularly abundant along the rim of the Pacific Ocean, a region known as Ring of Fire.

In the Americas, the Ring of Fire includes strato-volcanoes forming the Aleutian islands in Alaska, the crest of the Cascade Mountains in the Pacific Northwest, and the high peaks of the Andes Mountains in South America.

¤=[Post Update]=¤

Posted by seeker/reader (here)

Posted by Bobd (here)
If any supervolcano erupts I think the world will certainly know about it.

The strato-volcanoes though currently erupting worldwide, especially in the Ring of Fire certainly because of their proximity to population are in-fact the more dangerous from life which has been lost. That is the point about them being the most dangerous - people are living on them and there have been recent events, dramatically killing thousands, especially in Indonesia.

People insist on living on or near such volcanoes, and apparently don't realize the danger. Look at Vesuvius in Italy. People everywhere, farms, businesses..

These Stratovolcanoes periodically light up. I haven't seen any supervolcano TG light up with as much regularity as the stratovolcanoes.. That's the point, what is dangerous now, because such is being ignored, and the frequently erupting patterns.

Post 5 above has some good references about some of the bigger eruptions and some time tables.

As you are mentioning the dangers of a super-volcano, no question, take Yellowstone Park in Wyoming/Montana/Idaho - that supervolcano should it light up fully would take out or create an extinction event..

No matter, volcanoes are something to be watched and understood as well as what drives them. There is no ignorance is bliss possible with these systems as shown.

b.

Agreed completely. Thanks for documenting all that has taken place with this most dangerous event. This is part of why I have always been fascinated by geology. Mother nature is the creator and the destroyer.

In one of the Yellowstone super-volcano thread, we talked about a potential way to defuse the magma dome's excess heat.. I wonder though without proper plumbing to deal with the gas build-up, if that needs to be another system that needs to be addressed. I am very much appreciating the significance of the gas buildup and then catastrophic release with extreme devastation..

The amount of gas a magma can hold is directly related to its chemical composition. The more felsic a magma, the more gas it can hold. Conversely, the more mafic a magma, the less gas it can hold.
The more felsic the magma is, the more viscous the magma becomes, making it more explosive.

[Bob]

Posted by seeker/reader (here)
[..]


The amount of gas a magma can hold is directly related to its chemical composition. The more felsic a magma, the more gas it can hold. Conversely, the more mafic a magma, the less gas it can hold.
The more gas a magma can hold, the more viscous the magma becomes, making it more explosive.

This is really good data. Is there any way to determine the size of the magma chamber? As I had placed a few pictures of the strato-volcanoes up, it didn't look fantastically large compared to the icelandic volcanoes, or the yellowstone super caldera.. Are you aware of any way to determine these? Seismic shots?

[seeker/reader]

Posted by Bobd (here)

Posted by seeker/reader (here)
[..]


The amount of gas a magma can hold is directly related to its chemical composition. The more felsic a magma, the more gas it can hold. Conversely, the more mafic a magma, the less gas it can hold.
The more gas a magma can hold, the more viscous the magma becomes, making it more explosive.

This is really good data. Is there any way to determine the size of the magma chamber? As I had placed a few pictures of the strato-volcanoes up, it didn't look fantastically large compared to the icelandic volcanoes, or the yellowstone super caldera.. Are you aware of any way to determine these? Seismic shots?

Oops - I meant to say this...

The amount of gas a magma can hold is directly related to its chemical composition. The more felsic a magma, the more gas it can hold. Conversely, the more mafic a magma, the less gas it can hold.

The more felsic the magma is, the more viscous the magma becomes, making it more explosive. In the table below SiO2 content is indicative of how felsic a rock is. The higher the SiO2 the more felsic the rock. Rhyolites have the higher SiO2 content relative to basalts which have lower SiO2 content.

I am not sure, but I would assume that the viscosity is somewhat related to the size of the magma chamber. Basaltic lavas are very fluid and easily erupt. So the magma chamber is emptied more often, resulting in a need for a smaller magma chamber space. Whereas more felsic lavas are more viscous, lending to fewer eruptions, maybe resulting in more pooling and creating a larger magma chamber. But this is just my guess.

Super volcanoes are another animal and are related to large volumes of magma connected to a mantle plume. Their voluminous nature lends to a naturally large magma chamber.

Summary Table

Magma Type Solidified Rock Chemical Composition Temperature Viscosity Gas Content
Basaltic Basalt 45-55 SiO2 %, high in Fe, Mg, Ca, low in K, Na 1000 - 1200 oC Low Low
Andesitic Andesite 55-65 SiO2 %, intermediate in Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K 800 - 1000 oC Intermediate Intermediate
Rhyolitic Rhyolite 65-75 SiO2 %, low in Fe, Mg, Ca, high in K, Na. 650 - 800 oC High High

http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/Natu...lcan&magma.htm

[Bob]

Posted by Lifebringer (here)
Looks like the red spirit of the wolf comes via the ring of fire. I hope they can evacuate on time, before they get the pulling of the crust volcanic action. Plates will be moving, some slow, some jolting, but move they must, and so must the people to higher ground and with covered openings of the body, even the ears. Microscopic glass and metal particles with dust and ash not to mention the heat.

L.U.P.

I had mentioned the dangers of being caught in a pyroclastic flow from the volcano

This is a dramatic image BBC compiled showing what happened in Pompeii when Vesuvius' pyroclastic flows devastated the communities, as folks sought shelter..

My point of bringing this image up is that in Indonesia, and other parts of the world (like in Italy under Vesuvius), people insist on staying within the potential death zones from Lahar's and pyroclastic flows. (pyroclastic flow: a dense, destructive mass of very hot ash, lava fragments, and gases ejected explosively from a volcano and typically flowing downslope at great speed.) These can easily be at a temperature of 600 degrees F or higher, and move at speeds up to 100 miles per hour down the side of the volcano.

one doesn't outrun these..

[Bob]

Some history of Kelud Volcano, Indonesia

the above map shows historic locations for local ashfall, pyroclastic flow directions, lava flow, and Lahar (water/rock/mud) flows

There is (was?) a Kelud Volcanic Observatory, near the crater.

General Information
Kelud volcano is an active andesite volcano in East Java.

It has erupted frequently since 1000 A.D. Some of the eruptions have caused casualties.

The largest number of casualties was from the 1586 eruption that caused the deaths of 10,000 people (Kusumadinata, 1979).

Since 1919 fatalities have continued to occur, mostly caused by eruption induced lahars sourced from the crater lake that is located at its summit area.

After the 1919 eruption, the water tunnel was built to drain the crater lake to reduce lahar inundation.

The last smaller eruptions of Kelud volcano were in 1991 and 2007 with no fatalities.

At least 8 old lava domes have been found around Kelud volcano, and hese lava domes are assumed to be the past eruption points. The distribution and lineament of lava domes is controlled by the structural geology around the area.

Research conducted during and after the 2007 eruption concluded that up until the middle of 2008 magma still propagated to the surface but at a very low rate (Suantika et al, 2007; Hidayati et al, 2008; Haerani et al, 2009).

This research also predicted that lava extruded by the 2007 eruption is of much less volume than that expected from the averaged production rate and that therefore the 2007 eruption did not fully eject the magma stored under the volcano.

Seismic activity has continued after the 2007 eruption, and began to increase in 2010 (Ishihara et al, 2010).

Kelud Volcano Observatory has been built in Margomulyo village, about 7 km west from the active crater, to monitor the volcanic activity of Kelud volcano.

This observatory is equipped by visual, seismic and deformation instruments.

All monitoring data is also sent real-time directly to the main office in Bandung using satellite and cellular systems.

PATTERN of ACTIVITY prior to the EVENT

Increasing the amount of seismicity observed since January 2014, which is dominated by shallow volcanic earthquake (VB ) and deep volcanic (VA).

Based on the improvement of significant volcanic seismicity, the status of G. Kelud raised from Normal (Level I) to Alert (Level II) on the date of February 2, 2014 .
II. OBSERVATIONS
2.1. V ISUAL
visual monitoring conducted from Post PGA Kelud Margomulyo located in the village, sub-district which is about 7.5 Ngancar km from the summit G. Kelud. Visually monitoring results since January 3, 2014 are as follows:
Dated February 3, 2014 ; sunny-cloudy weather and drizzling rain - heavy, wind calm, the air temperature is 24 0 C, 86% humidity, foggy mountain.
Dated February 4, 2014 ; weather was overcast and drizzling rain - heavy, the wind was blowing toward the Northeast, the air temperature is 24 0 C, 86% humidity, foggy mountain.
Feruari 5th 2014 ; weather overcast, calm winds, air temperature 23 0 C, 72% humidity, foggy mountain.
Dated February 6, 2014 ; weather was sunny, the wind was blowing from the south, the air temperature is 23 0 C, clear mountain-misty.
Dated February 7, 2014 ; sunny-cloudy weather to rain, the wind blowing gently from the South, the air temperature 20-24 0 C, humidity 86%, misty mountains.
Dated February 8, 2014 ; weather was sunny, the wind was from the South, air temperature 21 0 C, 83% humidity, foggy mountain.
Dated February 9, 2014 ; weather was sunny, the wind was blowing gently from the South, the air temperature 20-26 0 C, 86% humidity, clear mountain-misty.
Dated February 10, 2014 (until around 12.00 am) ; weather overcast, the wind blowing from North-Northeast, the air temperature 20-21 0 C, humidity 72-86%, misty mountains.
2.2. Seismicity
seismicity Recordings from the date of February 3, 2014 (Appendix 1) are as follows:
Dated February 3, 2014 ; 73 times Volcanic Shallow Earthquake Earthquake (VB), 12 times Volcanic Earthquake In (VA), 4 times Tectonic Deep Earthquakes (TJ).
Dated February 4, 2014 ; 37 times Volcanic Shallow Earthquake Earthquake (VB), 18 times Volcanic Earthquake In (VA), 9 times Tectonic Deep Earthquakes (TJ).
Dated February 5, 2014 ; 40 times shallow volcanic earthquake (VB), 23 times Volcanic Earthquake In (VA), 6 times Tectonic Deep Earthquakes (TJ).
Dated February 6, 2014 ; 55 times Volcanic Shallow Earthquake Earthquake (VB), 26 times Volcanic Earthquake In (VA), 4 times Tectonic Deep Earthquakes (TJ).
Dated February 7, 2014; 117 times shallow volcanic earthquake (VB), 42 times Volcanic Earthquake In (VA), 2 times a Tectonic Earthquake Local (TL), 11 times Tectonic Deep Earthquakes (TJ).
Dated February 8, 2014; 152 times shallow volcanic earthquake (VB), 90 times Volcanic Earthquake In (VA), 11 times Tectonic Deep Earthquakes (TJ).
Dated February 9, 2014; 157 times shallow volcanic earthquake (VB), 53 times Volcanic Earthquake In (VA), Tectonic Deep Earthquakes 5 times (TJ).
Dated February 10, 2014 (until 12:00 pm); 92 times shallow volcanic earthquake (VB) and 33 times Volcanic Earthquake In (VA).
In the period from February 3 to 10, 2014 (until 12:00 pm), the seismicity is dominated by shallow volcanic earthquake (VB) and the deep volcanic (VA).
Earthquake VB increased since the date of January 15, 2014 with a range of 22-157 events per day, or a daily average of 90 events. VA earthquake observed significantly increased since the date of January 27, 2014 with in the range of 13-90 events per day or an average of 37 events / day.
Volcanic earthquakes energy increased slowly since mid-January 2014 (Appendix 2). Early in February 2014, the rate of increase in the amount of energy associated enlarged Volcanic Earthquake and Volcanic earthquake enlargement.
RSAM ( Real-time Seismic Amplitude Measurement ) began to be calculated continuously from the date of February 5, 2014, and observed an increase in the energy of the date of February 6, 2014, is relatively stable. On February 9, 2014 there was an increase of energy where the amplitude Volcanic earthquakes are relatively enlarged and the number increased (Appendix 3).
Hypocenter calculations Volcanic earthquakes shows the distribution of earthquakes around G. Kelud with a depth of 3 km below the summit (Appendix 4).

Activity continued to increase as shown above

The volcano camera on Kelut is OFF-LINE since the recent eruption. This is the link should it come back online: http://www.vsi.esdm.go.id/cam_detail.php?id=14

[Bob]

The eruption of Mt Kelud still has long reaching effects in Java, Indonesia

17 Feb 2014

"This is not over, yet"

http://statik.tempo.co/data/2014/02/...264414_620.jpg

"TEMPO.CO, Kediri - Mount Kelud in East Java remains in a dangerous condition. According to Gede Suantika, an officer at the Volcanology and Disaster Mitigation Center (PVMBG), Mount Kelud is still classified on high alert status, as yesterday at 12.00 p.m. local time, Mount Kelud was on alert status.

Based on the PVMBG monitoring, Suantika asked residents to refrain from going back to their homes as yet. "PVMBG continues to monitor the volcanic activity of Mount Kelud," he said yesterday afternoon. PVMBG has also retained the danger zone within a 10 kilometers radius from the top of the volcano that has claimed at least four lives."

"Rain is predicted to continuously occur at the areas affected by Mount Kelud eruption. If heavy rain occurs at the peak, it could potentially cause a flood of cold lava or Lahar (down the mountainside and into the communities below).

"Rain will fall in Kediri, Blitar and Malang, areas affected by Kelud," said Ahmad Bisri from the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) in Juanda, Surabaya."

references: http://en.tempo.co/read/news/2014/02...n-Alert-Status

[Bob]

"By Thursday or Friday, it should be AOK"

so says the ministry.

"TEMPO.CO, Jakarta - Chief of Kediri Disaster Management, Masykuri, ensured that the volcanic activity in Mount Kelud is no longer dangerous. If the condition remains stable, the status can improve in four-day time.

Masykuri explained that the Center for Volcanology and Geological Disaster noted a significant drop in volcanic activity. Therefore, he believed that Mount Kelud status will reach (no?) alert status on Thursday or Friday.

Moreover, long-shot camera observation recently captured the image of parking lot at the top of the mountain, mostly covered in stones and gravel. Masykuri added that the erupted gravel has less potential of disrupting agricultural product. However, the volcanic ashes from Kelud "might have a different effect."

ref: http://en.tempo.co/read/news/2014/02...nger-Dangerous

President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, accompanied by First Lady Ani Yudhoyono and his entourage boarded the train to visit the victims of the eruption of Mount Kelud. Sunday (16/02).Instagram.com/Anyyudhoyono

[Bob]

This is the layout and spread of the Volcano shown on Google Earth (older pix so it doesn't show the current eruption damage); it shows how close the communities are, and shows the location of the "parking lot", mentioned in the above post, up near the summit/caldera (where the camera was located).

Each of these communities, as circled with the thin white line, were affected and are/were on alert status.

[Bob]

Mount Sangiang in Indonesia, has erupted.

Labuan Bajo blanketed in Mt. Sangiang ash

"The capital of West Manggarai regency in East Nusa Tenggara, Labuan Baju, located near the world-famous Komodo Island, has been blanketed by volcanic ash originating from the explosion of Mt. Sangiang, in Bima, West Nusa Tenggara.

“The ash is sticking to people’s vehicles and houses and has also restricted visibility,” resident Benyamin Jemalu told The Jakarta Post on Friday. He said the ash had seriously disrupted activities. "

Mount Sangiang exploded in Friday afternoon, spewing ash about 3 kilometers into the air. Dozens of local residents were evacuated but no casualties have been reported.

ref: http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2...giang-ash.html

[Bob]

Update Saturday, 31 May, 2014 at 09:45 UTC - Mt. Sangiang, in Bima, West Nusa Tenggara VOLCANO - Indonesia Eruption

Pyroclastic flows were produced from this eruption besides large skyward ashplumes.

Eruptions continue at the volcano after Friday's major explosion.

Dense ash plumes rising from the summit crater can be seen on this morning’s satellite images, and a MODIS hot spot is visible on the latest satellite data, suggesting fresh magma continues to arrive at the volcano’s summit crater.

In the meanwhile, the ash and SO2 plume has drifted and spread over more than 3000 km to the E and SE, covering a vast area that includes parts of northern and eastern Australia. All flights from Darwin airport have been cancelled because of the hazardous ash cloud.

Among other details (i.e. that the height of the plume originally reported by VSI, only 3km) was a large underestimation and is more close to 15-20 km as estimated by VAAC Darwin.

At least 2 pyroclastic flows were produced by partial collapse of the eruption column.

This can be seen on pictures taken during the early stages of the eruption.

At least one of these flows crossed the shore and continued to travel for about 2-3 km above the sea.

[Bob]

Another Indonesia Volcano active and erupting



"Monday, Jun 16, 2014
Batu Tara volcano (Sunda Islands, Indonesia) activity update

Activity at the volcano is relatively intense at the moment.

Several ash plumes rising to 5-7,000 ft (1.5-2.1 km) altitude, originating from stronger-than-normal strombolian explosions, were seen on satellite imagery during the past days.

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=8V3wvR4N5Zs